Questions from General Chemistry

Q: What is a driving force? Name two common and important driving

What is a driving force? Name two common and important driving forces, and give an example of each. What is entropy? Although the total energy of the universe is constant, is the entropy of the univer...

Q: Suppose we have separate 25-g samples of iron, silver

Suppose we have separate 25-g samples of iron, silver, and gold. If 125 J of heat energy is applied separately to each of the three samples, show by calculation which sample will end up at the highest...

Q: What is electromagnetic radiation? Give some examples of such radiation.

What is electromagnetic radiation? Give some examples of such radiation. Explain what the wavelength (λ) and frequency (ν) of electromagnetic radiation represent. Sketch a representation of a wave and...

Q: Explain what it means for an atom to be in an excited

Explain what it means for an atom to be in an excited state and what it means for an atom to be in its ground state. How does an excited atom return to its ground state? What is a photon? How is the w...

Q: Do atoms in excited states emit radiation randomly, at any wavelength

Do atoms in excited states emit radiation randomly, at any wavelength? Why? What does it mean to say that the hydrogen atom has only certain discrete energy levels available? How do we know this? Why...

Q: You have learned about several temperature scales so far in this text

You have learned about several temperature scales so far in this text. Describe the Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin temperature scales. How are these scales defined? Why were they defined this way? Wh...

Q: Schrödinger and de Broglie suggested a “wave–particle duality”

Schrödinger and de Broglie suggested a “wave–particle duality” for small particles—that is, if electromagnetic radiation showed some particle-like properties, then perhaps small particles might exhibi...

Q: Describe the general characteristics of the first (lowest-energy)

Describe the general characteristics of the first (lowest-energy) hydrogen atomic orbital. How is this orbital designated symbolically? Does this orbital have a sharp “edge”? Does the orbital represen...

Q: Use the wave mechanical picture of the hydrogen atom to describe what

Use the wave mechanical picture of the hydrogen atom to describe what happens when the atom absorbs energy and moves to an “excited” state. What do the principal energy levels and their sublevels repr...

Q: Describe the sublevels and orbitals that constitute the third and fourth principal

Describe the sublevels and orbitals that constitute the third and fourth principal energy levels of hydrogen. How is each of the orbitals designated and what are the general shapes of their probabilit...