Bottleneck is a terminology that is used as a constraint in a process. When a production process needs certain types of resources like material, labor, and machine hours. If any one of the resources is limited, this is a bottleneck and a limiting factor to the production process.
Assume a wooden table requires 3 meters of wood as a material, 4 hours of labor, and 1 hour of machine work. The company received an order for making 50 tables in one week. The company has plenty of material available and machines are also available for this order but the maximum labor hours in a week are 100. The bottleneck factor is labor hours as the order requires 200 labor hours i.e. (4 hours x 50 tables).
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