Definition of Deoxyribonucleic Acid



Deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA is the hereditary material that is present in the prokaryotes and eukaryotes. It is an organic macromolecule that is made up of thousands of nucleotides. The single nucleotide is composed of three subunits. There is a molecule of deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. The nitrogenous bases are of four types, adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine.

 


The adenine tends to form two hydrogen bonds with thymine and cytosine forms three bonds with guanine. The polynucleotide chains coil around each other and form a helical structure and it is stabilized by the phosphodiester linkages. The specific sequence of the nucleotides in the chain is responsible for the formation of RNA molecules as well as the proteins, hence the genes are expressed.

 


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