Definition of Hydrogen Bonding

Hydrogen bonding is a type of intermolecular bond in which there is a dipole-dipole attraction between the molecules. The hydrogen in hydrogen bonding forms an attractive force with a high electronegative atom. Nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine are highly electronegative atoms. The strength of hydrogen bonds ranges between 4 to 50 kJ per mole.

The molecules that are the result of hydrogen bonding are greatly polar. This is because the difference of electronegativity between N, O, F, and hydrogen is quite large which renders a partial positive charge over the hydrogen atom and a partial negative charge over the electronegative atom. Bonding present in the molecules of water and ammonia is hydrogen bonding.