An ionic bond is formed when there is a complete transfer of electrons between the atoms that are participating in the process of bond formation. The atom which tends to give off its valence electron becomes a positive ion and that which receives an electron becomes a negative ion. The positive ion is termed as the cation whereas the negative ion is called an anion. These two oppositely charged ions are held together by electrostatic forces.
The ionic bond is formed between those atoms which have an electronegativity difference of 1.7 or more than it. Furthermore, the ionic bond is formed between a metal and a non-metal. The compound which is formed as a result of an ionic bond is known as an ionic compound.
Example of Ionic Bonding:
Sodium is a metal that has one valence electron in its outer shell. On the other hand, chlorine is a non-metal and it requires one electron in order to complete its octet. The sodium tends to donate its electron and becomes a cation and chlorine gains this electron and becomes an anion. The oppositely charged ions are attracted towards each other and hence, an ionic compound is formed which is named sodium chloride (table salt).
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