The minimum amount of energy that is being required by an isolated gaseous atom to get rid of electron that is loosely bound with it is known as the ionization energy. When the electron is removed from the neutral atom or molecule, the atom then becomes a positive ion. When one electron is removed from a neutral species X, it becomes X+1 and if two successive removal of electrons take place, then it becomes X+2.
Almost double the amount of energy is required for the second ionization reaction. The energy is absorbed; hence it is an endothermic reaction. The ionization energy would be very high if the distance between the nucleus and the outermost electrons is short. Moreover, the ionization energy decreases down the group and increases across the periods.
Compare the ionization energies of each pair of atoms. State the
The 5s electron in rubidium (Rb) sees an effective charge
a. Calculate the electric potential energy for a K+ ion
The onedimensional calculation of Example 42.4 (Section
In studying electron screening in multielectron atoms, you begin with the
The binding energy of a potassium chloride molecule (KCl) is
A triply ionized beryllium ion, Be3+ (a beryllium atom
Three elements have the electron configurations 1s22s22p63s2, 1s22s22p63s23p4, and 1s22s22p63s23p64s2
The electrons involved in a C-F bond could be considered
Rydberg atoms are atoms whose outermost electron is in an excited state
