Definition of Oxidation States



Oxidation is stated as the removal of electrons from the atoms. When the electrons are removed, the atom becomes a positive ion, which is known as a cation. Consequently, the atom gains a positive charge and its charge depends upon the number of electrons it has lost.

 


In a similar manner, if an atom gains an electron, it becomes a negative charge and is known as an anion. This hypothetical charge which is acquired by the atoms is termed as the oxidation state. The oxidation states are represented in the form of integers and they can be either positive, negative or zero. The highest oxidation state that an atom can attain is +8 whereas the lowest one is -4.

 

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