In the dissociation reactions, the chemical compounds tend to break up into their positive and negative ions. The positively charged ions are known as the cations whereas the negatively charged ions are called anions. The spectator ions can be both positive as well as negative. The spectator ions are not able to influence the chemical equilibrium.
The spectator ions are mentioned in the total ionic equation but ignored in the net ionic equation, still, they have an effect on the Debye length.
Example of Spectator Ions:
When a reaction is carried out between NaCl and CuSO4 in an aqueous medium, the sodium and the sulphate ions become the spectator ions and they just watch the other ions to form copper chloride (CuCl2).
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