A trophic level is defined as the group of organisms present within an ecosystem that is occupying the same food chain level. There are five different trophic levels present in the food chain and they differ from each other concerning the nutritional relationship with the source of primary energy that is the sun. The first level consists of producers, the rest five are consumers.
Hence. The energy flows between these levels. About only 10% of the energy consumed by the organisms belonging to these trophic levels is converted into biomass. The rest of the energy is dissipated in the form of heat, movement, and other biological functions.
Predation by one flour beetle species on another can be used as
In chapter 14 we have seen how a herbivorous stream insect controls
How was the amount of food that Gause (1934) provided
How are manipulation of host behavior by spiny-headed worms and
Predation is one of the processes by which one organism exploits another
Ecologists are now challenged to study global ecology. The apparent role
In his experiments on competition between T. confusum and T.
Discuss how mathematical theory, laboratory models, and field experiments have
Explain the roles of food and predators in producing cycles of abundance
What evidence is there that variation in atmospheric CO 2 concentration is
