Question: A Category 4 hurricane has wind speeds

> Assume that your statistics professor has a height of exactly 175.2 cm. Assume that this height is measured with a tape measure that can be read to the nearest millimeter (1 mm, or 1/10 cm) and results from two different measurements are reported as 175

> A new Corvette weighs 3440 pounds. A manufacturer’s scale that is accurate to the nearest 10 pounds gives the weight as 3450 pounds, while the U.S. Department of Transportation uses a scale that is accurate to the nearest 0.1 pound and obtains a weight o

> When Mendel conducted his famous genetics experiments with peas, one sample of offspring consisted of 580 peas, and 26% of them were yellow .The margin of error is 4 percentage points. Based on his theory of genetics, Mendel expected that 25% of the offs

> When a model 22F car battery is weighed, the measuring instrument is very precise, and the weight is measured 10 consecutive times. a. All 10 measurements are not likely to be exactly the same; some will be slightly higher than the true value and some lo

> Twenty-five people, including yourself, are to measure the length of a room to the nearest tenth of a millimeter. Assume that everyone uses the same well-calibrated measuring device, such as a tape measure. a. All 25 measurements are not likely to be exa

> The bakery menu claims that there are 12 doughnuts in a bag, but the baker always puts 13 doughnuts (the true value) in each bag.

> The actual (true value) amount of change due after a gallon of milk is purchased is $12.00, but the incorrect amount of $2.00 is given instead.

> The official distance for a marathon is 26 miles 385 yards, or 26.21875 miles, but the organizers of a marathon map a course that is actually 26.34567 miles in length.

> You receive a Visa credit card bill for $512.50, but it includes a charge of $8.00 that was not valid. (That is, the true credit card bill should be $8.00 less than the bill claims.)

> The accuracy of gas pumps is routinely measured by government agencies that collect samples using measuring devices known to be accurate.

> Speeds of cars are recorded by a police officer who uses a radar gun.

> The police commissioner in New York City estimates the annual value of counterfeit goods sold in the city.

> Periodically, a survey is conducted in which subjects are asked if they wash their hands after using a public restroom.

> A USA Today report stated a survey of 22,000 high school students found that 39% of them reported being tired on most school days. The margin of error is less than 0.1 percentage point. Can we safely conclude that fewer than half of all students say they

> After randomly selecting 1009 adults and surveying each of them, a pollster was able to 8 Speaking of Statistics determine that precisely 54% of all American adults are not comfortable having drones make deliveries to them.

> In a survey of randomly selected high school students, the subjects are asked how many cigarettes they smoke each day.

> The health commissioner of Los Angeles estimates the number of cigarettes smoked in her city from data for taxes collected on sales of cigarettes.

> The annual incomes of 200 people are obtained from their tax returns.

> Randomly selected adult subjects are asked to report their total annual income.

> Former New York City Police Commissioner Raymond Kelly criticized the city’s statistics on shootings by claiming that they were being underreported. If shootings were being underreported, is that a random error or a systematic error? Explain.

> A smartphone battery is supposed to provide 3.8 volts. An aftermarket supplier manufactures 5000 replacement batteries and finds that they have a mean output of 3.8 volts, but about half of the batteries supply less than 3.8 volts and half supply more th

> Before taking off, a pilot is supposed to set the aircraft altimeter to the elevation of the airport. A pilot leaves from Denver (altitude 5280 feet) with her altimeter set to 2500 feet. Explain how this affects the altimeter readings throughout the flig

> An IRS agent reviews tax returns to identify the following: (1) mistakes made in calculations and (2) incorrect entries that were intentionally made to lower the tax bill. Discuss whether each problem involves random or systematic errors.

> I used a meter stick to measure the length of my bed to the nearest micrometer.

> In a recent year, the value of cross-border trade in counterfeit and pirated goods was $254.63 billion.

> In an Eagleton Institute poll, surveyed men were asked if they agreed with this statement: “Abortion is a private matter that should be left to women to decide without government intervention.” Among the men who were interviewed by women, 77% agreed wit

> Consider the measurements described in Exercise 5. The relative error that the microbiologist makes in measuring a cell must be less than the relative error that the astronomer makes in measuring a galaxy.

> A microbiologist measures the distance across a red blood cell and an astronomer measures the distance across the Milky Way galaxy. The absolute error that the microbiologist makes in measuring the cell must be less than the absolute error that the astro

> A survey asked people about their party affiliation and recorded the responses as 1 for Democrat, 2 for Republican, 3 for Independent, and 4 for anything else. The survey found that the average (mean) party affiliation is 2.5.

> Explain why temperatures on the Fahrenheit or Celsius scales are at the interval level of measurement while distances are at the ratio level.

> What do we mean by data at the nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio levels of measurement?

> Distinguish between discrete and continuous data, and give an example of each.

> What is the difference between qualitative data and quantitative data?

> In a clinical trial of a new drug, subjects are placed in groups as follows: Subjects in Group 1 are each given a placebo containing none of the drug; subjects in Group 2 are each given 10-mg doses of the drug; subjects in Group 3 are each given 20-mg do

> Consumer Reports magazine lists a rating of “best buy,” “recommended,” or “not recommended” for each of several different computers.

> The Michelin tire company also rates restaurants, using 1 star, 2 stars, or 3 stars. Many other restaurants are deemed to have quality not good enough to earn any stars, and many others are not judged.

> In a survey of 1002 people, 701 (or 70%) said that they voted in the last presidential election (based on data from ICR Research Group). The margin of error for this survey was 3 percentage points. However, actual voting records show that only 61% of all

> The years in which FBI agents were hired (such as 2000, 1995, 2016) are used to determine their pension plans.

> Seniority of each agent at the Federal Bureau of Investigation is based on the length of time that has passed since the agent was first hired.

> The colors of plain M&M candies.

> The numbers 12, 74, 77, 76, 73, 78, 88, 19, 9 23, and 25 were sewn on the jerseys of the starting offense for the New Orleans Saints when they won a Super Bowl football game.

> Running times of winning horses in the annual Kentucky Derby race.

> A person with an SAT score of 2200 is twice as qualified for college as a person with a score of 1100.

> An actor given a salary of $2 million for a movie is twice as good as another actor given a salary of $1 million for the same movie.

> When a male and female engage in speed dating, the female rates how much she likes the male by using a scale from 1 to 10. One female rates two different males as 8 and 4.

> Using carbon dating, one sculpture is found to be 1000 years old while a second sculpture is found to be 500 years old, so the first sculpture is twice as old as the second.

> On August 6, the temperature was 80  F in New York City, so it was twice as hot as on December 7, when the temperature was 40 ° F.

> A study of 420,095 Danish cell phone users found that 0.032% of them developed cancer of the brain or nervous system. The margin of error is 0.006 percentage points.

> One subject has an IQ score of 140 and another subject has an IQ score of 70, so the first subject is twice as intelligent as the second subject.

> A movie with a 4-star rating is twice as good as one with a 2-star rating.

> Consumer Reports safety ratings of cars: 0 = unsafe up to 3 = safest.

> Numbers of words spoken in a day by a sample of males.

> Social Security numbers.

> Final course grades of A, B, C, D, F.

> Results from a clinical trial consisting of “true positive,” “false positive,” “true negative,” or “false negative”.

> Classifications of cars by size as subcompact, compact, intermediate, and full-size.

> Names, such as Katrina and Sandy, used to identify different hurricanes.

> In a CBS News/New York Times poll of 1289 adults nationwide, asking whether they favor or oppose teachers and school officials carrying guns in school, 57% were opposed. The margin of error is 4 percentage points.

> “Categories” 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, used to describe the intensity of hurricanes

> Types of movies (drama, comedy, etc.)

> Scores of 0%, 1%, 2%, … 100% used to rate the quality of a movie.

> Weights of Corvettes that are currently registered in California.

> Body temperatures in Fahrenheit of all giraffes in Kenya.

> Number of stars in each galaxy in the universe.

> The movie ratings by a critic, which are expressed as 0 stars, ¹∕² star, 1 star, and so on

> The speeds of commercial aircraft in the air at any one point in time.

> Number of commercial aircraft in the air at any point in time.

> The times (years) it takes college students to earn a bachelor’s degree, such as 4 years, 4¹∕² years, 5 years, and so on.

> 106 adults are randomly selected and tested for their body temperatures. Based on that sample, it is estimated that the average (mean) body temperature is 98.2°F with a margin of error of 0.1°F.

> The exact times required by students to reach their first class.

> The arrival delay times recorded for a random sample of flights from New York to Chicago.

> The number of likes for a specific post on Facebook.

> The page counts of textbooks used in college courses.

> The weights of textbooks used in college courses.

> The area codes (such as 617) of the telephone numbers of survey subjects

> The SAT scores of randomly selected applicants to colleges.

> The number of households with a television in use when surveyed by Nielsen Media Research

> The television shows being watched by households surveyed by Nielsen Media Research

> In studying different prehistoric societies, an archeologist measures head circumferences of skulls.

> In a Harris Interactive survey of 1006 adults, 96% say that they wash their hands when in a public restroom. The margin of error is 3 percentage point.

> The responses (yes, no, or no response) from survey subjects when asked a question

> Olympic athletes are categorized according to the sport in which they compete, such as track and field, cycling, or gymnastics.

> Measurements of blood alcohol concentration (BAC), which represent how much alcohol is found in blood

> In a simple random sample of adults, the pulse rate is measured for each subject.

> The common blood groups are A, B, AB, and O.

> The year 2050 will be halfway through the twenty-first century.

> Los Angeles reached a temperature of 100°F today, which was twice as hot as the 50°F in Denver.

> ZIP codes are quantitative data because, in general, lower numbers are in the east and higher numbers are in the west

> Why are self-selected surveys almost always prone to participation bias?

> Describe and contrast selection bias and participation bias in sampling.

> USA Today reported that among 6028 adults observed in restrooms, 85% washed their hands. The margin of error is 1 percentage point.

> What is peer review? How is it useful?

> Briefly describe the eight guidelines for critically evaluating a statistical study

> A USA Today headline reported “China thrown off balance as boys outnumber girls,” and an accompanying graph showed that for every 100 girls born in China, 116.9 boys are born.

> A USA Today headline reported “More companies try to bet on forecasting weather.” The article gave examples of companies believing that long-range forecasts are reliable, and four companies were cited.

> CNN reports on a Zagat survey of America’s top restaurants, which found that “only nine restaurants achieved a rare 29 out of a possible 30 rating and none of those restaurants are in the Big Apple.”

> A USA Today “Snapshot” reported that the percentage of people with diabetes who don’t know that they have diabetes is “1 in 4.” The source was given as the American Diabetes Association.

> “Sex more important than jobs” A survey found that 82% of 500 people interviewed by phone ranked a satisfying sex life as important or very important, while 79% ranked job satisfaction as important or very important (Associated Press).

> “Drugs shown in 98 percent of movies” A “government study” claims that drug use, drinking, or smoking was depicted in 98% of the top movie rentals (Associated Press).

> A Gallup poll asked the following two questions: • Do you favor a tax cut or “increased spending on other government programs”? Result: 75% for the tax cut. • Do you favor a tax cut or “spending to fund new retirement savings accounts, as well as incre