Question: a. How much time does it take

> A horizontal, parallel- sided plate of glass having a refractive index of 1.52 is in contact with the surface of water in a tank. A ray coming from above in air makes an angle of incidence of 35.0° with the normal to the top surface of the glass. a. Wha

> An electromagnetic wave with frequency 5.70 * 1014 Hz propagates with a speed of 2.17 * 108 m/s in a certain piece of glass. Find a. the wavelength of the wave in the glass; b. the wavelength of a wave of the same frequency propagating in air; c. the

> An electromagnetic wave with frequency 65.0 Hz travels in an insulating magnetic material that has dielectric constant 3.64 and relative permeability 5.18 at this frequency. The electric field has amplitude 7.20 * 10-3 V/m. a. What is the speed of propa

> A 150-Ω resistor is connected in series with a 0.250-H inductor and an ac source. The voltage across the resistor is vR =(3.80 V)cos[(720 rad/s)t]. a. Derive an expression for the circuit current. b. Determine the inductive reactance of the inductor.

> You have a 200-Ω resistor, a 0.400-H inductor, and a 6.00-µF capacitor. Suppose you take the resistor and inductor and make a series circuit with a voltage source that has voltage amplitude 30.0 V and an angular frequency of 250 rad/s. a. What is the im

> A 250-Ω resistor is connected in series with a 4.80-µF capacitor and an ac source. The voltage across the capacitor is vC = (7.60 V)sin[(120 rad/s)t]. a. Determine the capacitive reactance of the capacitor. b. Derive an expression for the voltage vR ac

> A 0.180-H inductor is connected in series with a 90.0-Ω resistor and an ac source. The voltage across the inductor is vL = -(12.0 V)sin[(480 rad/s)t]. a. Derive an expression for the voltage vR across the resistor. b. What is vR at t = 2.00 ms?

> You want the current amplitude through a 0.450-mH inductor (part of the circuitry for a radio receiver) to be 1.80 mA when a sinusoidal voltage with amplitude 12.0 V is applied across the inductor. What frequency is required?

> a. What is the reactance of a 3.00-H inductor at a frequency of 80.0 Hz? b. What is the inductance of an inductor whose reactance is 120 Ω at 80.0 Hz? c. What is the reactance of a 4.00-mF capacitor at a frequency of 80.0 Hz? d. What is the capacitanc

> Two plane mirrors intersect at right angles. A laser beam strikes the first of them at a point 11.5 cm from their point of intersection, as shown in Fig. E33.1. For what angle of incidence at the first mirror will this ray strike the midpoint of the seco

> The wiring for a refrigerator contains a starter capacitor. A voltage of amplitude 170 V and frequency 60.0 Hz applied across the capacitor is to produce a current amplitude of 0.850 A through the capacitor. What capacitance C is required?

> A capacitance C and an inductance L are operated at the same angular frequency. a. At what angular frequency will they have the same reactance? b. If L = 5.00 mH and C = 3.50 µF, what is the numerical value of the angular frequency in part (a), and wha

> An inductor with L = 9.50 mH is connected across an ac source that has voltage amplitude 45.0 V. a. What is the phase angle ɸ for the source voltage relative to the current? Does the source voltage lag or lead the current? b. What value for the frequen

> A capacitor is connected across an ac source that has voltage amplitude 60.0 V and frequency 80.0 Hz. a. What is the phase angle f for the source voltage relative to the current? Does the source voltage lag or lead the current? b. What is the capacitan

> The voltage across the terminals of an ac power supply varies with time according to Eq. (31.1). The voltage amplitude is V = 45.0 V. What are a. the root-mean-square potential difference Vrms and b. the average potential difference Vav between the two

> Radio station WCCO in Minneapolis broadcasts at a frequency of 830 kHz. At a point some distance from the transmitter, the magnetic-field amplitude of the electromagnetic wave from WCCO is 4.82*10-11 T. Calculate a. the wavelength; b. the wave number;

> A sinusoidal current i = I cos ωt has an rms value Irms = 2.10 A. a. What is the current amplitude? b. The current is passed through a full-wave rectifier circuit. What is the rectified average current? c. Which is larger: Irms or Irav? Explain, using

> You have a special light bulb with a very delicate wire filament. The wire will break if the current in it ever exceeds 1.50 A, even for an instant. What is the largest root-mean-square current you can run through this bulb?

> A ray of light in air strikes a glass surface. Is there a range of angles for which total internal reflection occurs? Explain.

> In an L-R-C series circuit, can the instantaneous voltage across the capacitor exceed the source voltage at that same instant? Can this be true for the instantaneous voltage across the inductor? Across the resistor? Explain.

> Sometimes when looking at a window, you see two reflected images slightly displaced from each other. What causes this?

> Suppose that a positive point charge q is initially at rest on the x-axis, in the path of the electromagnetic plane wave described in Section 32.2. Will the charge move after the wave front reaches it? If not, why not? If the charge does move, describe i

> Fluorescent lights often use an inductor, called a ballast, to limit the current through the tubes. Why is it better to use an inductor rather than a resistor for this purpose?

> Sometimes neon signs located near a powerful radio station are seen to glow faintly at night, even though they are not turned on. What is happening?

> Can water waves be reflected and refracted? Give examples. Does Huygens’s principle apply to water waves? Explain.

> The magnetic-field amplitude of the electromagnetic wave from the laser described in Example 32.1 (Section 32.3) is about 100 times greater than the earth’s magnetic field. If you illuminate a compass with the light from this laser, wou

> a. A tank containing methanol has walls 2.50 cm thick made of glass of refractive index 1.550. Light from the outside air strikes the glass at a 41.3° angle with the normal to the glass. Find the angle the light makes with the normal in the methanol. b.

> The light beam from a searchlight may have an electric field magnitude of 1000 V/m, corresponding to a potential difference of 1500 V between the head and feet of a 1.5-m-tall person on whom the light shines. Does this cause the person to feel a strong e

> Devise straightforward experiments to measure the speed of light in a given glass using a. Snell’s law; b. total internal reflection; c. Brewster’s law.

> You are sunbathing in the late afternoon when the sun is relatively low in the western sky. You are lying flat on your back, looking straight up through Polaroid sunglasses. To minimize the amount of sky light reaching your eyes, how should you lie: with

> For the old “rabbit-ear” style TV antennas, it’s possible to alter the quality of reception considerably simply by changing the orientation of the antenna. Why?

> An inductor, a capacitor, and a resistor are all connected in series across an ac source. If the resistance, inductance, and capacitance are all doubled, by what factor does each of the following quantities change? Indicate whether they increase or decre

> It has been proposed that automobile windshields and headlights should have polarizing filters to reduce the glare of oncoming lights during night driving. Would this work? How should the polarizing axes be arranged? What advantages would this scheme hav

> If you sit on the beach and look at the ocean through Polaroid sunglasses, the glasses help to reduce the glare from sunlight reflecting off the water. But if you lie on your side on the beach, there is little reduction in the glare. Explain why there is

> How can you determine the direction of the polarizing axis of a single polarizer?

> A circuit consists of a light bulb, a capacitor, and an inductor connected in series to an ac source. What happens to the brightness of the bulb when the inductor is omitted? When the inductor is left in the circuit but the capacitor is omitted? Explain.

> Does an electromagnetic standing wave have energy? Does it have momentum? Are your answers to these questions the same as for a traveling wave? Why or why not?

> As shown in Fig. E33.11, a layer of water covers a slab of material X in a beaker. A ray of light traveling upward follows the path indicated. Using the information on the figure, find a. the index of refraction of material X and b. the angle the light

> A student claimed that, because of atmospheric refraction (see Discussion Question Q33.2), the sun can be seen after it has set and that the day is therefore longer than it would be if the earth had no atmosphere. First, what does she mean by saying that

> A beam of light goes from one material into another. On physical grounds, explain why the wavelength changes but the frequency and period do not.

> When an L-R-C series circuit is connected across a 120-V ac line, the voltage rating of the capacitor may be exceeded even if it is rated at 200 or 400 V. How can this be?

> In an L-R-C series circuit, what are the phase angle ɸ and power factor cos ɸ when the resistance is much smaller than the from resonance? Explain.

> If you look up from underneath toward the surface of the water in your aquarium, you may see an upside-down reflection of your pet fish in the surface of the water. Explain how this can happen.

> Is it possible for the power factor of an L-R-C series ac circuit to be zero? Justify your answer on physical grounds.

> Sunlight or starlight passing through the earth’s atmosphere is always bent toward the vertical. Why? Does this mean that a star is not really where it appears to be? Explain.

> The current in an ac power line changes direction 120 times per second, and its average value is zero. Explain how it is possible for power to be transmitted in such a system.

> A 45°-45°-90° prism is immersed in water. A ray of light is incident normally on one of its shorter faces. What is the minimum index of refraction that the prism must have if this ray is to be totally reflected within the glass at the long face of the pr

> Optical fibers are constructed with a cylindrical core surrounded by a sheath of cladding material. Common materials used are pure silica (n2 = 1.450) for the cladding and silica doped with germanium (n1 = 1.465) for the core. a. What is the critical an

> The electric field of a sinusoidal electromagnetic wave obeys the equation E =(375 V/m) cos[(1.99 * 107 rad/m)x + (5.97 * 1015 rad/s)t]. a. What is the speed of the wave? b. What are the amplitudes of the electric and magnetic fields of this wave? c. W

> Which stage of the Lewin model of change do you think is most often overlooked? Why?

> Which sources of resistance to change present the most problems for an internal change agent? For an external change agent?

> What broad category of pressures for organization change other than the four discussed in the chapter can you think of? Briefly describe it.

> Which of the seven keys for successfully managing an organizational change effort seem to be the most difficult to manage? Why?

> Is most organization change forced on the organization by external factors or fostered from within? Explain.

> Describe how you might go about taking advantage of an existing organizational culture

> What current examples can you identify to reflect radical, systems, and incremental innovations?

> How are technology and innovation interrelated?

> What can companies do to create and reinforce a culture of inclusion?

> How do you learn about prospective employers’ cultures? How important is a company’s culture to you when you decide to apply or to accept a job offer?

> What can leaders do to be effective when team members are from different cultures and have different expectations about how the leaders should behave?

> Do you think that culture is important to organizational performance? Why or why not?

> Describe three different types of organizational cultures. When would each be most and least effective for a research and development company dependent on employee innovation?

> What would you do during a corporate restructuring to ensure that your best employees did not leave?

> What type of person would be a good fit with Nordstrom’s extremely organic and informal structure? Why?

> If you wanted employees to work collaboratively and minimize conflict, what organizational structures would you consider adopting? Why? Which structures would you avoid? Why?

> What areas of an organization (e.g., what functions) do you think are the best to centralize? Which are the best to decentralize?

> Why do you think companies are moving toward flatter, more organic structures? Do you think this is appropriate?

> How do you think your career path might differ in a hierarchical versus a flat organization?

> Are office politics bad? Why or why not?

> Have you ever tried to influence your boss to do something? What upward influence tactics did you try? Were you successful? Why or why not?

> How can diversity create a competitive advantage for a firm?

> How can you ethically use power, influence, and politics to get a promotion?

> Is another person’s ethics important to you in your decision to allow that person to influence you? Why or why not?

> What influence tactics does your instructor use to motivate you to learn?

> What power(s) does your instructor have?

> Do you believe that men and women differ in how they lead? Is so, what are some of the factors that might account for the differences?

> What are some of the substitutes and neutralizers to leadership that might exist in your classroom?

> Have you ever made direct leadership attributions about someone based on the context in which you observed them?

> Name the three people today whom you consider to be the most charismatic. How well do they or might they function as leaders?

> Which of the three traditional situational theories discussed in Chapter 12 is most similar to the leader-member exchange model? To the Hersey and Blanchard model?

> Are you now or have you ever been a member of an in-group? An out-group? Is so, in what ways did your experience differ?

> What are your personal opinions about international outsourcing in the garment industry? Do you think that lower prices are worth sending U.S. jobs to other countries? Explain your answer.

> Some people have held that highly successful managers and leaders all face situations in which they cannot be entirely truthful and still succeed. For instance, a politician who personally believes that a tax increase is inevitable may feel that to full

> In what ways does strategic leadership differ from “non-strategic” leadership?

> Compare and contrast the leader-member exchange and the Hersey and Blanchard models of leadership.

> Of the three major leadership theories – the LPC theory, the path-goal theory, and Vroom’s decision tree approach – which is the most comprehensive? Which is the narrowest? Which has the most practical value?

> Compare and contrast the LPC and path-goal theories of leadership. What are the strengths and weaknesses of each?

> Do you agree or disagree with Fiedler’s assertion that leadership motivation is basically a personality trait? Why?

> Critique Fiedler’s LPC theory. Are other elements of the situation important? Do you think Fiedler’s assertion about the inflexibility of leader behavior makes sense? Why or why not?

> Cite examples of managers who are not leaders and of leaders who are not managers. What makes them one and not the other? Also, cite examples of both formal and informal leaders.

> How realistic do you think it is for managers to attempt to use Vroom’s decision tree approach as prescribed? Explain.

> How would you define “leadership”? Compare and contrast your definition with the one given in this chapter.

> Do you think that concerns regarding ethics will become more or less important in business? Why?

> What could you do to minimize the potential for negative outcomes in cross-cultural negotiations?

> If two of your subordinates were experiencing task conflict, what would you do to manage it? Why?

> Think about a current conflict you are experiencing with a coworker, friend, or family member. Which of Glasl’s conflict stages are you in? What can you do to keep the conflict from escalating to the next level?

> Have you ever experienced a dysfunctional conflict? What happened? Why was the conflict not resolved earlier?

> Have you ever experienced a constructive conflict? What happened? How was the disagreement resolved?

> Which do you think is more important for organizations: formal or informal communication?

> Which do you think is more important for organizations: downward communication or upward communication?