[SOLVED] A logging company has the diameter of

> Owen and Dina are at rest in frame S', which is moving with a speed of 0.600c with respect to frame S. They play a game of catch while Ed, at rest in frame S, watches the action (Fig. P26.45). Owen throws the ball to Dina with a speed of 0.800c (accordin

> An alarm clock is set to sound in 10.0 h. At t = 0, the clock is placed in a spaceship moving with a speed of 0.75c (relative to Earth). What distance, as determined by an Earth observer, does the spaceship travel before the alarm clock sounds?

> An astronaut wishes to visit the Andromeda galaxy, making a one - way trip that will take 30.0 years in the spaceshipâs frame of reference. Assume the galaxy is 2.00 million light - years away and his speed is constant. (a) How fast mus

> An electron has a total energy equal to five times its rest energy. (a) What is its momentum? (b) Repeat for a proton.

> A star is 5.00 ly from the Earth. At what speed must a spacecraft travel on its journey to the star such that the Earth–star distance measured in the frame of the spacecraft is 2.00 ly?

> A spring of force constant k is compressed by a distance x from its equilibrium length. (a) Does the mass of the spring change when the spring is compressed? Explain. (b) Find an expression for the change in mass of the spring in terms of k, x, and c. (c

> A meter-stick moving at 0.900c relative to the Earth’s surface approaches an observer at rest with respect to the Earth’s surface. (a) What is the meter-stick’s length as measured by the observer? (b) Qualitatively, how would the answer to part (a) chang

> A CCD camera is equipped with a lens with constant focal - length. As the f - number is decreased, determine whether the following quantities increase, decrease, or remain unchanged. Indicate your answers with I, D, or U. (a) The aperture (b) The depth o

> The rest energy of an electron is 0.511 MeV. The rest energy of a proton is 938 MeV. Assume both particles have kinetic energies of 2.00 MeV. Find the speed of (a) The electron and (b) The proton. (c) By how much does the speed of the electron exceed tha

> An electron has a speed of 0.750c. (a) Find the speed of a proton that has the same kinetic energy as the electron. (b) Find the speed of a proton that has the same momentum as the electron.

> Consider electrons accelerated to a total energy of 20.0 GeV in the 3.00 - km - long Stanford Linear Accelerator. (a) What is the ( factor for the electrons? (b) How long does the accelerator appear to the electrons? Electron mass energy: 0.511 MeV.

> Consider the reaction 92235U + 01n ( 57148La + 3587Br + 01n. (a) Write the conservation of relativistic energy equation symbolically in terms of the rest energy and the kinetic energy, setting the initial total energy equal to the final total energy. (b)

> Starting with the definitions of relativistic energy and momentum, show that E2 = p2c2 + m2c4 (Eq. 26.13).

> An unstable particle with a mass equal to 3.34 x 10-27 kg is initially at rest. The particle decays into two fragments that fly off with velocities of 0.987c and -0.868c, respectively. Find the masses of the fragments. Hint: Conserve both mass – energy a

> A chain of nuclear reactions in the Sun’s core converts four protons into a helium nucleus. (a) What is the mass difference between four protons and a helium nucleus? (b) How much energy in MeV is released during the conversion of four protons into a hel

> Determine the energy required to accelerate an electron from (a) 0.500c to 0.900c and (b) 0.900c to 0.990c.

> What speed must a particle attain before its kinetic energy is double the value predicted by the nonrelativistic expression KE = ½ mv2?

> A proton in a large accelerator has a kinetic energy of 175 GeV. (a) Compare this kinetic energy to the rest energy of the proton, and find an approximate expression for the proton’s kinetic energy. (b) Find the speed of the proton.

> A lens has a focal length of 28 cm and a diameter of 4.0 cm. What is the f - number of the lens?

> You are packing for a trip to another star, and on your journey you will be traveling at a speed of 0.99c. Can you sleep in a smaller cabin than usual, because you will be shorter when you lie down? Explain your answer.

> Refer to the following two histograms and two QQ plots of the same data. a. Match each of the histograms with the corresponding QQ plot. Histogram A goes with QQ plot ______. Histogram B goes with QQ plot ______. b. Describe the shape of the histograms.

> What summary statistics are best used to report the “typical” value of a data set when the distribution is strongly skewed?

> In addition to random samples, what other conditions are required for using the two-sample t-test?

> In what situations are nonparametric statistics useful?

> A professor tells his class that he knows their second exam score without their having to take the test. He tells them that the second exam score can be predicted from the first with this equation: Predicted second exam score = 5 + 0.75 (first exam score

> The table shows the number of floors and the height (in feet) of five of the tallest buildings in China. The regression model for predicting the height of a building from the number of floors is height = 20.888067 + 16.124191 Floors Complete the table by

> What is the fundamental condition required for inference from a sample to a population?

> Using data from Exercise 13.25, we used a randomization test to find out whether the typical number of winning runs in the American League differed from that of the National League in professional baseball. In each randomization we found the mean differe

> Looking at the data about contacting mom (exercise 13.49), for which group (ethicists or other) could you perform a log transform, and for which group could you not? Explain. Data from exercise 13.49:

> The dotplot shows the number of classes missed in a month for a random sample of 23 students from a private college in California. Explain why you cannot find the geometric mean for the numbers.

> Exercise 13.35 describes a simulation exercise. Under which of the following assumptions were the data simulated? a. Cloud seeding typically produces more rain than not seeding the cloud. b. Cloud seeding typically produces the same amount of rain as not

> Exercise 13.35 describes a simulation exercise. Which of the following is the best explanation for the process described? a. This process allows researchers to compare the actual result to what could have happened by chance (assuming the null hypothesis

> In a well-known study on the effects of cloud seeding to produce rainfall (cited on page 659 of the text by Simpson et. al), experimenters randomly assigned airplanes to release either silver nitrate (which is believed to increase the amount of rainfall

> Suppose you give a random sample of students a questionnaire about extraversion, and some (10) are classified as extraverts and some (15) as not extraverts. You want to determine whether the typical GPA is higher for extraverts than for those who are not

> Suppose a random sample of online grocery prices (15 items) is obtained at Amazon and Walmart. The same items were sampled at both sites, and a student wants to determine whether the typical price differs at the two online sites. Which test(s) can be use

> Tickets for high demand events are often resold on a secondary market, such as StubHub or VividSeats. Suppose a consumer is interested in determining if there is a significant difference in ticket prices between the two resale sites. She picks an upcomin

> Suppose you want to determine whether there is difference in wait times at two Department of Motor Vehicles offices. A random sample of customer wait times is obtained for each office. Which test(s) can be used for each situation below? a. The populaton

> Suppose you want to determine whether meditation can cause a decrease in pulse rate. You randomly select 15 students, teach them a meditation technique, and then measure their pulse rates before and after meditation. Which test(s) should you choose for e

> Suppose a college career center was interested in the starting salaries of recent graduates in Communications Studies and Sociology. The center randomly samples 15 recent graduates from each of these fields and records the starting salary for the graduat

> You know the grade point averages (GPAs) of a random sample of 10 full-time college students and 10 part-time college students. You want to test the hypothesis that the typical GPAs for full-time and part-time college students are different. Which test(s

> You have recorded the time slept on a Tuesday and the time slept on a Sunday for a random sample of 15 students. You want to investigate whether students tend to sleep more on weekends than on weekdays. Which test(s) can you use? Answer for each circumst

> A scatterplot of the waist sizes and weights of 500 people was shown in exercise 14.34. The accompanying scatterplot shows both confidence intervals and prediction intervals. Which is which? Explain how you can tell.

> A scatterplot of the heights and weights of 500 people was shown in exercise 14.33. The accompanying scatterplot shows both confidence intervals and prediction intervals. Which is which? Explain what this shows.

> The scatterplot shows shoe size and height for 83 people. From the graph, state approximate values for the prediction interval for predicting the shoe size for someone who is 68 inches tall.

> The figure shows 95% prediction intervals for predicting GPA at a certain college from math SAT score, based on data from 196 students. From the graph, give approximate prediction interval boundaries for predicting GPA from a math SAT score of 750. State

> A scatterplot of the waist sizes and weights of the same 500 people mentioned in exercise 14.33 is shown. The accompanying scatterplot uses the same people and displays 95% prediction intervals. From the graph, estimate the upper and lower values for the

> A scatterplot of the heights and weights of 500 people was shown in Chapter 4. The accompanying scatterplot uses the same data but displays 95% prediction intervals. From the graph, estimate the upper and lower values for the prediction interval used for

> A mother is interested in predicting the adult height of her 6-year-old daughter. She has information on the heights of mothers and daughters in her community. Should she use a prediction interval or a confidence interval for her prediction? Explain.

> A dean of students at a college wishes to estimate the typical future cumulative GPA for all first-year students who earned a 2.0 GPA during their first year. Should she use a prediction interval or a confidence interval? Why?

> A mother wants to predict the height of her full-grown son on the basis of his height at the age of 8 years. Should she use a prediction interval or a confidence interval? Why?

> A used-car dealer is purchasing 50 used BMWs from one dealer in order to sell them for a profit. Working with collected data, the dealer has found a regression model to predict the selling price on the basis of the car’s age. He wants to predict the tota

> A student who has been accepted by two colleges wants to estimate what GPA he might get at the two colleges. His data consist of SAT scores and GPAs from random samples of recent graduates at each college. He wishes to predict his GPA at each school, usi

> In exercise 14.16 you examined the association between movie budgets and box office gross income. Would a 95% confidence interval for the slope, based on the same data, include 0? Explain.

> The output provided for exercise 14.20 provides a regression line to predict the amount of trash produced by a household on the basis of the number of people living in the household. Suppose you found a 95% confidence interval for the intercept of the re

> A regression analysis was conducted using data on success rates and retention rates in transfer courses at a sample of California community colleges. Assume the conditions for the linear model regression model are satisfied. a. Interpret the slope in con

> Figure A shows a scatterplot of the percent passing the bar exam within two years of graduation and the percent employed at graduation for U.S. law school graduates in 2015. Figure B shows the residual plot of the data. Evaluate the residual plot to dete

> Figure A shows a scatterplot of the price and age of a random sample of used Acura MDX cars and includes the regression line. Figure B shows a residual plot based on the regression line. (Source: cars.com) a. Is the regression model appropriate for these

> The table shows the number of floors and the height (in feet) of the five tallest buildings in Dubai. The regression model for predicting the height of a building from the number of floors is height = -558.45931 + 19.934126 Floors Complete the table by f

> The registrar at a small college says she can predict the number of units that a full-time student has accumulated on the basis of the number of semesters the student has attended the college by using the equation Predicted Units = 0 + 14 Semesters This

> A doctor says he can predict the height (in inches) of a child between 2 and 9 years old from the child’s age (in years) by using the equation Predicted Height = 31.78 + 2.45 Age This tells us the deterministic part of the regression model. What factors

> Figure A shows a scatterplot of some simulated data, and Figure B shows a residual plot of the same data. Is the linear regression model appropriate for these data? Why or why not? Assume the observations are independently measured.

> Figure A shows a scatterplot of wages of twins for a group of 183 pairs of twins. Figure B shows a residual plot of the same data. Figure C shows a QQ plot of these residuals. Is the linear regression model appropriate for these data? Why or why not? Ass

> Figure A shows a scatterplot of the number of print and electronic holdings for a sample of large U.S. libraries. Figure B shows a QQ plot of the residuals. Is the Normality condition of the linear regression model satisfied? Explain.

> Figure A shows a scatterplot of the current salary (in thousands of dollars per year) and the beginning salary for many employees at one company. Figure B shows a residual plot of the same data. Is linear regression appropriate for these data? Why or why

> A student wishes to buy a used car. He finds a consumer website that says the price of a used car is determined by its age according to the following formula: Predicted price in thousands of dollars = 17 - 0.8 (age in years) This is the deterministic com

> Figure A shows a scatterplot for the number of semesters that students have attended a community college and the number of credits they have accumulated. Figure B shows a residual plot of the same data. Is the linear regression model appropriate for thes

> In a 2016 study by ToptaÅ published in Academic Journals, a music educator conducted research to determine if students could successfully memorize a piano piece using only short periods of daily practice (ToptaÅ 2016). In addition

> Studies have shown that young adults experience faster weight gain and consume more unhealthy food than any other age group. In a 2017 study published in PLOS One, Buchanan et. al examined the effects of online marketing on young adultsâ&#153

> Are students who participate in sports more extraverted than those who do not? A random sample of students at a small university were asked to indicate whether they participated in sports (yes or no) and to rate their level of extraversion. Extraverts ar

> We performed a randomization test to determine whether the mean number of days since an ethics professor contacted his or her mother is different from the mean number of days for a professor in a field other than ethics. The data consisted of a random sa

> Refer to exercise 13.35, which discussed a study on the effects of cloud seeding to produce rainfall. Some researchers think that cloud seeding has little effect on âlow rain potentialâ clouds. Instead, they claim, mos

> Does soda constitute a larger part of the diet for women than it does for men? A StatCrunch survey asked people to report the percentage of their liquid intake that is soda. The sample mean for the 169 females was 19.51%, and the sample mean for the 163

> Find the difference in number of texts received and the number sent for females. Do the same for males. Then determine whether the differences are significantly different at the 0.05 level using the two-sample t-test.

> Determine whether the number of texts sent by males and the number received by males are significantly different at the 0.05 level using a paired t-test.

> Determine whether the number of texts sent by females and the number received by females are significantly different at the 0.05 level using a paired t-test.

> Determine whether the median number of texts sent and the median number received for all StatCrunch users are different at the 0.05 level by using a sign test.

> Determine whether the population mean number of texts sent and the population number received (for all the respondents) is different at the 0.05 level by using a paired t-test.

> Random samples of 30 professors of ethics and 30 professors in other disciplines (not ethics) were asked how many days it had been since they contacted their mothers; this included phone calls and face-to-face meetings. Professors whose mothers were not

> Many people believe that healthy people typically have a body temperature of 98.6°F. We took a random sample of 10 people and found the following temperatures: 98.4, 98.8, 98.7, 98.7, 98.6, 97.2, 98.4, 98.0, 98.3, and 98.0 Use the sign test to test the h

> McDonald’s claims that its ice cream cones typically weigh 3.18 ounces (converted from grams). Here are the weights, in ounces, of cones purchased on different days from different servers: 4.2, 3.6, 3.9, 3.4, and 3.3 Carry out a sign test to determine wh

> In exercise 13.24 you compared credit card debts for college men and women using the Mann-Whitney test to compare medians. Weâll use the same data again, but this time you will apply a randomization test to determine whether men and wom

> Are women happier than men? A StatCrunch survey asked respondents to select a number from 1 (lowest) to 100 (highest) to measure their level of happiness. The sample mean for the 297 females was 71.15, and the sample mean for the 380 males was 67.08. To

> A StatCrunch survey was done asking what percentage of liquid intake was in the form of soda. Figure A shows the output given. a. Figure B is a histogram of the percentage for the females. Describe the shape of the distribution of the sample, and comment

> A StatCrunch survey of happiness measured the happiness level for males and females. Each person selected a number from 1 (lowest) to 100 (highest) to measure her or his level of happiness. Figure A shows the output for a Mann-Whitney test to compare the

> The California Department of Education assesses progress of Kâ12 students in meeting grade level standards in English/Language Arts and Mathematics yearly. A regression analysis was performed using 2016 assessment data from a sample of

> Data were collected showing the gestation period (in days) and the average longevity (in years) for 32 animals. Assume that all conditions of the linear regression model hold. The data are available on this text’s website. a. Make a scatterplot with gest

> Figure A shows a scatterplot with the regression line for predicting the fatherâs education from the motherâs education for a random sample of 29 students. Figure B shows the confidence interval and the prediction inte

> Figure A shows a scatterplot with the regression line for the ages and weights of a random sample of 19 college baseball players. Figure B gives a prediction (Fit), a prediction interval, and a confidence interval for a new observation at 20 years old. a

> Data were collected on the weights of 25 male baseball players and 25 male soccer players. Assume that these are random samples from all college baseball and soccer players. Refer to the Mann-Whitney output. Assume the shapes and spreads of the two distr

> Cell phone bills (rounded to the nearest dollar) for the most recent month for random samples of college men (M) and college women (F) were studied. Histograms for the numbers of dollars for men and women (A) and output from a Mann-Whitney test (B) are g

> Typically, do men and women sleep different amounts? At a small private college in California, a random sample of students were asked how many hours of sleep they got last night. The figure shows the output for a Mann-Whitney test. Test the alternative h

> Is there a difference in the runs scored by winning teams in the American League and the National League in professional baseball? The winning scores for all games played on two randomly selected days were recorded and the league of the winning team was

> A statistics student who was interested in credit card debt asked a random sample of students for the total amount of their credit card debt. We eliminated the two women and the one man who had a debt of 0, which left 18 women and 19 men. a. By looking a

> A researcher was interested in the ethics of eating meat, so he studied and compared ethicists (philosophy professors who taught ethics) with professors who taught other subjects to find out whether ethicists eat less meat (Schwitzgebel and Rust 2009). T

> Figure A shows information about a random sample of studentsâ math SAT scores and GPAs at an unidentified four-year college. a. Use the formula on the graph to predict the GPA for a person with a math SAT score of 600. b. Figure B shows

> Figure A contains the selling price and area (in square feet) of 81 recently sold homes in a region where a buyer wants to purchase a home. a. Use the equation to estimate the price of a home with 2500 square feet. b. The buyer wants to know the uncertai

> Excessive lead levels can negatively affect brain functions; lead poisoning is particularly dangerous to children. A study was conducted to find out whether children of battery factory workers had higher levels of lead in their blood than a matched group

> Chicago public libraries collect data on the number of visitors and the number of library computer wifi sessions. A regression analysis was conducted using yearly totals for 2013. Assume the conditions for the linear model regression model are satisfied.

> The weight of trash (in pounds) produced by a household and the number of people living in the household were obtained for 13 houses. Refer to the Minitab regression output. Assume that all the conditions necessary for regression analysis are met. a. Wha

Question: A logging company has the diameter of