Question:

> A can of peeled whole tomatoes is supposed to contain an average of 19 ounces of tomatoes (excluding the juice). The actual weight is a normally distributed random variable whose standard deviation is known to be 0.25 ounce. (a) In quality control, would

> The sodium content of a popular sports drink is listed as 220 mg in a 32-oz bottle. Analysis of 10 bottles indicates a sample mean of 228.2 mg with a sample standard deviation of 18.2 mg. (a) Write the hypotheses for a two-tailed test of the claimed sodi

> Bob said, “Why is a small p-value significant, when a large one isn’t? That seems backwards.” Try to explain it to Bob, giving an example to make your point.

> (a) A statistical study reported that a drug was effective with a p-value of .042. Explain in words what this tells you. (b) How would that compare to a drug that had a p-value of .087?

> A digital camcorder repair service has set a goal not to exceed an average of 5 working days from the time the unit is brought in to the time repairs are completed. A random sample of 12 repair records showed the following repair times (in days): 9, 2, 5

> An auditor reviewed 25 oral surgery insurance claims from a particular surgical office, determining that the mean out-of-pocket patient billing above the reimbursed amount was $275.66 with a standard deviation of $78.11. (a) At the 5 percent level of sig

> In a major football conference, a sample showed that only 267 out of 584 freshmen players graduated within 6 years. (a) At α = .05, does this sample contradict the claim that at least half graduate within 6 years? State your hypotheses and decision rule.

> The EPA is concerned about the quality of drinking water served on airline flights. A sample of 112 flights found unacceptable bacterial contamination on 14 flights. (a) At α = .05, does this sample show that more than 10 percent of all flights have cont

> Ages for the 2009 Boston Red Sox pitchers are shown below. (a) Assuming this is a random sample of major league pitchers, at the 5 percent level of significance does this sample show that the true mean age of all American League pitchers is over 30 years

> A quality control standard requires that no more than 5 percent of bags of Halloween candy be underweight. A random sample of 200 bags showed that 16 were underweight. (a) At α = .025, is the standard being violated? Use a right-tailed test and show your

> Which of the following could not be probability density functions for a continuous random variable? Explain. Hint: Find the area under the function f (x). a. f (x) = .25 for 0 < x < 1 b. f (x) = .25 for 0 < x < 4 c. f (x) = x for 0 < x < 2

> A sample of 100 mortgages approved during the current year showed that 31 were issued to a single-earner family or individual. The historical percentage is 25 percent. (a) At the .05 level of significance in a right-tailed test, has the percentage of sin

> A sample of 100 one-dollar bills from the Subway cash register revealed that 16 had something written on them besides the normal printing (e.g., “Bob Mary”). (a) At α = .05, is this sample evidence consistent with the hypothesis that 10 percent or fewer

> Beer shelf life is a problem for brewers and distributors because when beer is stored at room temperature, its flavor deteriorates. When the average furfuryl ether content reaches 6 μg per liter, a typical consumer begins to taste an unpleasant chemical

> A recent study by the Government Accountability Office found that consumers got correct answers about Medicare only 67 percent of the time when they called 1-800-MEDICARE. (a) At α = .05, would a subsequent audit of 50 randomly chosen calls with 40 corre

> The average service time at a Noodles & Company restaurant was 3.5 minutes in the previous year. Noodles implemented some time-saving measures and would like to know if they have been effective. They sample 20 service times and find the sample average is

> A web-based company has a goal of processing 95 percent of its orders on the same day they are received. If 485 out of the next 500 orders are processed on the same day, would this prove that they are exceeding their goal, using α = .025?

> Malcheon Health Clinic claims that the average waiting time for a patient is 20 minutes or less. A random sample of 15 patients shows a mean wait time of 24.77 minutes with a standard deviation of 7.26 minutes. (a) Write the hypotheses for a right-tailed

> Thetis Mfg. says that its outboard watercraft engine’s noise level at 75 percent throttle averages 100 decibels or less from the operator’s seating position. A random sample of 8 noise level measurements showed a mean of 106 decibels with a standard devi

> Sarpedon Corp. claims that its car batteries average at least 880 CCA (cold-cranking amps). Tests on a sample of 9 batteries yield a mean of 871 CCA with a standard deviation of 15.6 CCA. (a) State the hypotheses to test Sarpedon’s claim against this sam

> Suggest both a Likert scale question and a response scale to measure the following: a. A student’s rating of a particular statistics professor. b. A voter’s satisfaction with the president’s economic policy. c. An HMO patient’s perception of waiting tim

> The weight of a miniature Tootsie Roll is normally distributed with a mean of 3.30 grams and standard deviation of 0.13 gram. (a) Within what weight range will the middle 95 percent of all miniature Tootsie Rolls fall? (b) What is the probability that a

> Historically, 5 percent of a mail-order firm’s repeat charge-account customers have an incorrect current address in the firm’s computer database. (a) What is the probability that none of the next 12 repeat customers who call will have an incorrect addres

> What level of measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio) is appropriate for the movie rating system that you see in TV Guide (✰, ✰✰, ✰✰✰, ✰✰✰✰)? Explain your reasoning.

> A tabletop survey by a restaurant asked the question shown below. (a) What kind of response scale is this? (b) Suggest an alternative response scale that would be more sensitive to differences in opinion. (c) Suggest possible sources of bias in this type

> Insurance companies are rated by several rating agencies. The Fitch 20-point scale is AAA, AA+, AA, AA-, A+, A, A-, BBB+, BBB, BBB-, BB+, BB, BB-, B+, B, B-, CCC+, CCC, CCC-, DD. (a) What level of measurement does this scale use? (b) To assume that the s

> (a) Use Excel to prepare a Pareto chart of the following data. (b) Which three service providers account for approximately 80 percent of all responses? Cell Phone Service Provider n = 158 O CellPhone Service Provider Percent Cumulative Percent Veriz

> (a) Use Excel to prepare an appropriate type of chart (bar, line, pie, scatter) to display the following data. Modify the default colors, fonts, etc., as you judge appropriate to make the display effective. (b) Would more than one kind of display be acce

> (a) Use Excel to prepare an appropriate type of chart (bar, line, pie, scatter) to display the following data. Modify the default colors, fonts, etc., as you judge appropriate to make the display effective. (b) Would more than one kind of display be acce

> (a) Use Excel to prepare an appropriate type of chart (bar, line, pie, scatter) to display the following data. Modify the default colors, fonts, etc., as you judge appropriate to make the display effective. (b) Would more than one kind of display be acce

> (a) Use Excel to prepare an appropriate type of chart (bar, line, pie, scatter) to display the following data. Modify the default colors, fonts, etc., as you judge appropriate to make the display effective. (b) Would more than one kind of display be acce

> (a) Use Excel to prepare an appropriate type of chart (bar, line, pie, scatter) to display the following data. Modify the default colors, fonts, etc., as you judge appropriate to make the display effective. (b) Would more than one kind of display be acce

> (a) What kind of display is this? (b) Identify its strengths and weaknesses, using the tips and checklists shown in this chapter. (c) Can you suggest any improvements? Would a different type of display be better? Sales of Sony Blu-Ray Disc Players a

> Daily output of Marathon’s Garyville, Lousiana, refinery is normally distributed with a mean of 232,000 barrels of crude oil per day with a standard deviation of 7,000 barrels. (a) What is the probability of producing at least 232,000 barrels? (b) Betwee

> (a) What kind of display is this? (b) Identify its strengths and weaknesses, using the tips and checklists shown in this chapter. (c) Can you suggest any improvements? Would a different type of display be better? U.S. Consumer Bankruptcies 2,500,000

> (a) What kind of display is this? (b) Identify its strengths and weaknesses, using the tips and checklists shown in this chapter. (c) Can you suggest any improvements? Would a different type of display be better? Residential Fire Damage Claims, 2005

> (a) What kind of display is this? (b) Identify its strengths and weaknesses, using the tips and checklists shown in this chapter. (c) Can you suggest any improvements? Would a different type of display be better? Where Do Advertising Dollars Go? Oth

> (a) Use Excel to prepare a Pareto chart of the following data. (b) Which three service providers account for approximately 80 percent of all responses? Cell Phone Service Provider n = 158 O CellPhone Service Provider Percent Cumulative Percent Veriz

> (a) Use Excel to prepare an appropriate type of chart (bar, line, pie, scatter) to display the following data. Modify the default colors, fonts, etc., as you judge appropriate to make the display effective. (b) Would more than one kind of display be acce

> (a) Use Excel to prepare an appropriate type of chart (bar, line, pie, scatter) to display the following data. Modify the default colors, fonts, etc., as you judge appropriate to make the display effective. (b) Would more than one kind of display be acce

> (a) What kind of display is this? (b) Identify its strengths and weaknesses, using the tips and checklists shown in this chapter. (c) Can you suggest any improvements? Would a different type of display be better? U.S. Birth Rate Plummets! 26 24 22 2

> (a) Use Excel to prepare an appropriate type of chart (bar, line, pie, scatter) to display the following data. Modify the default colors, fonts, etc., as you judge appropriate to make the display effective. (b) Would more than one kind of display be acce

> (a) Use Excel to prepare an appropriate type of chart (bar, line, pie, scatter) to display the following data. Modify the default colors, fonts, etc., as you judge appropriate to make the display effective. (b) Would more than one kind of display be acce

> (a) Use Excel to prepare an appropriate type of chart (bar, line, pie, scatter) to display the following data. Modify the default colors, fonts, etc., as you judge appropriate to make the display effective. (b) Would more than one kind of display be acce

> Find the associated z-score or scores that represent the following standard normal areas. a. Middle 60 percent b. Highest 2 percent c. Middle 95 percent

> (a) What kind of display is this? (b) Identify its strengths and weaknesses, using the tips and checklists shown in this chapter. (c) Can you suggest any improvements? Would a different type of display be better? Sales of Sony Blu-Ray Disc Players a

> (a) What kind of display is this? (b) Identify its strengths and weaknesses, using the tips and checklists shown in this chapter. (c) Can you suggest any improvements? Would a different type of display be better? U.S. Consumer Bankruptcies 2,500,000

> (a) What kind of display is this? (b) Identify its strengths and weaknesses, using the tips and checklists shown in this chapter. (c) Can you suggest any improvements? Would a different type of display be better? Residential Fire Damage Claims, 2005

> (a) What kind of display is this? (b) Identify its strengths and weaknesses, using the tips and checklists shown in this chapter. (c) Can you suggest any improvements? Would a different type of display be better? Where Do Advertising Dollars Go? Oth

> (a) What kind of display is this? (b) Identify its strengths and weaknesses, using the tips and checklists shown in this chapter. (c) Can you suggest any improvements? Would a different type of display be better? Sources of Medical Error Adverse Dru

> Download the full data set from the McGraw-Hill Connect&Acirc;&reg; website (only six data values are shown). (a) Use Excel to make a scatter plot, placing GDP per Capita on the X-axis and Birth Rate on the Y-axis. Add titles and modify the default color

> (a) What kind of display is this? (b) Identify its strengths and weaknesses, using the tips and checklists shown in this chapter. (c) Can you suggest any improvements? Would a different type of display be better? Sources of Medical Error Adverse Dru

> Download the full data set of measurements of cockpit noise level for a commercial jet airliner from the McGraw-Hill Connect&Acirc;&reg; website (only six data values are shown). (a) Use Excel to make a scatter plot, placing Airspeed on the X-axis and No

> Download the full data set from the McGraw-Hill Connect&Acirc;&reg; website (only six data values are shown). (a) Use Excel to make a scatter plot, placing GDP per Capita on the X-axis and Birth Rate on the Y-axis. Add titles and modify the default color

> Find the associated z-score or scores that represent the following standard normal areas. a. Middle 50 percent b. Lowest 5 percent c. Middle 90 percent

> The first Rose Bowl (football) was played in 1902. The next was not played until 1916, but a Rose Bowl has been played every year since then. The margin of victory in each of the 95 Rose Bowls from 1902 through 2011 is shown below (0 indicates a tie). (a

> Download the full data set of measurements of cockpit noise level for a commercial jet airliner from the McGraw-Hill Connect&Acirc;&reg; website (only six data values are shown). (a) Use Excel to make a scatter plot, placing Airspeed on the X-axis and No

> A study of 40 U.S. cardiac care centers showed the following ratios of nurses to beds. (a) Prepare a dot plot. (b) Prepare a frequency distribution and histogram (you may either specify the bins yourself or use automatic bins). (c) Describe the distribut

> (a) Which of these two displays (table or graph) is more helpful in describing the salad sales by Noodles &amp; Company? Why? (b) Write a one-sentence summary of the data. (Source: Noodles &amp; Company) 2005 Average Daily Salads Sold by Month, Noo

> (a) Make an Excel scatter plot of X 5 airspeed (nautical miles per hour) and Y 5 cockpit noise level (decibels) for 61 aircraft flights. (b) Use Excel’s =CORREL function to find the correlation coefficient. (c) What do the graph and correlation coefficie

> (a) Make an Excel scatter plot of X 5 1990 assault rate per 100,000 population and Y 5 2004 assault rate per 100,000 population for the 50 U.S. states. (b) Use Excel’s =CORREL function to find the correlation coefficient. (c) What do the graph and correl

> Households can sign up for a telemarketing “no-call list.” How might households who sign up differ from those who don’t? What biases might this create for telemarketers promoting (a) fi nancial planning services, (b) carpet cleaning services, and (c) vac

> A marketing research group wanted to collect information from existing and potential customers on the appeal of a new product. They sent out surveys to a random sample of 1,200 people from their database of over 25,000 current and potential customers. Wo

> A university wanted to survey alumni about their interest in lifelong learning classes. They mailed questionnaires to a random sample of 600 alumni from their database of over 30,000 recent graduates. Would you consider this population to be effectively

> To protect baby scallops and ensure the survival of the species, the U.S. Fisheries and Wildlife Service requires that an average scallop must weigh at least 1/36 pound. The harbormaster at a Massachusetts port randomly selected 18 bags of scallops from

> Find the associated z-score for each of the following standard normal areas. a. Lowest 6 percent b. Highest 40 percent c. Lowest 7 percent

> After 7 months, none of 238 angioplasty patients who received a drug-coated stent to keep their arteries open had experienced restenosis (re-blocking of the arteries). (a) Use MINITAB to construct a 95 percent binomial confidence interval for the proport

> An experimental medication is administered to 16 people who suffer from migraines. After an hour, 10 say they feel better. Is the medication effective (i.e., is the percent who feel better greater than 50 percent)? Use α = .10, explain fully, and show al

> A quality standard says that no more than 2 percent of the eggs sold in a store may be cracked (not broken, just cracked). In 3 cartons (12 eggs each carton), 2 eggs are cracked. (a) At the .10 level of significance, does this prove that the standard is

> An automaker states that its cars equipped with electronic fuel injection and computerized engine controls will start on the first try (hot or cold) 99 percent of the time. A survey of 100 new car owners revealed that 3 had not started on the first try d

> The historical on-time percentage for Amtrak’s Sunset Limited is 10 percent. In July, the train was on time 0 times in 31 runs. At the .10 level of significance, has the on-time percentage fallen? Explain clearly. Hint: Use Excel to calculate the cumulat

> On a police sergeant’s examination, the historical mean score was 80 with a standard deviation of 20. Four officers who were alleged to be cronies of the police chief scored 195, 171, 191, and 189, respectively, on the test. This led to allegations of ir

> A recent article states that there is a 2 percent chance that an asteroid 100 meters or more in diameter will strike the earth before 2100. Which type of probability (classical, empirical, subjective) do you think this is?

> The U.S. Cesarean section delivery rate in a recent year was estimated at 20.6 percent. Which type of probability (classical, empirical, subjective) do you think this is?

> In the first year after its release, 83 percent of emergency room doctors were estimated to have tried Dermabond glue (an alternative to sutures in some situations). Which type of probability (classical, empirical, subjective) do you think this is?

> Bob says he is 50 percent sure he could swim across the Thames River. Which type of probability (classical, empirical, subjective) do you think this is?

> Find the associated z-score for each of the following standard normal areas. a. Highest 10 percent b. Lowest 50 percent c. Highest 7 percent

> A survey showed that 44 percent of online Internet shoppers experience some kind of technical failure at checkout (e.g., when submitting a credit card) after loading their shopping cart. Which type of probability (classical, empirical, subjective) do you

> A judge concludes that there is a 20 percent chance that a certain defendant will fail to appear in court if he is released after paying a full cash bail deposit. Which type of probability (classical, empirical, subjective) do you think this is?

> For male high school athletes, a news article reported that the probability of receiving a college scholarship is .0139 for basketball players, .0324 for swimmers/divers, and .0489 for lacrosse players. Which type of probabilities (classical, empirical,

> If there are two riders on a city bus, what is the probability that no two have the same birthday? What if there are 10 riders? 20 riders? 50 riders? Hint: Use Learning Stats from McGraw-Hill’s Connect.

> Fifty-six percent of American adults eat at a table-service restaurant at least once a week. Suppose that four American adults are asked if they ate at table-service restaurants last week. What is the probability that all of them say yes?

> In child-custody cases, about 70 percent of the fathers win the case if they contest it. In the next three custody cases, what is the probability that all three win? What assumption(s) are you making?

> A turboprop aircraft has two attitude gyros, driven from independent electrical sources. On a six-hour flight, assume the probability of failure of each attitude gyroscope is 0.0008. Does this achieve “five-nines” reliability (i.e., a probability of at l

> A couple has two children. What is the probability that both are boys, given that the first is a boy?

> There is a 30 percent chance that a bidding firm will get contract A and a 40 percent chance they will get contract B. There is a 5 percent chance that they will get both. Are the events independent?

> Two cards are drawn from an ordinary deck of 52 cards. Find the probability of each event, showing your reasoning carefully. a. Two aces. b. Two red cards. c. Two red aces. d. Two honor cards (A, K, Q, J, 10).

> Joan’s finishing time for the Bolder Boulder 10K race was 1.75 standard deviations faster than the women’s average for her age group. There were 405 women who ran in her age group. Assuming a normal distribution, how many women ran faster than Joan?

> An MBA program offers seven concentrations: accounting (A), finance (F), human resources (H), information systems (I ), international business (B), marketing (M), and operations management (O). Students in the capstone business policy class are assigned

> (a) In a certain state, license plates consist of three letters (A–Z) followed by three digits (0–9). How many different plates can be issued? (b) If the state allows any six-character mix (in any order) of 26 letters and 10 digits, how many unique plate

> A certain model of remote-control Stanley garage door opener has nine binary (off/on) switches. The homeowner can set any code sequence. (a) How many separate codes can be programmed? (b) If you try to use your door opener on 1,000 other garages, how man

> Prior to the start of the 2011 NCAA Men’s Basketball playoffs, the reported odds that Butler University would not make it to the final game were 200 to 1. What was the implied probability that Butler would make it to the finals in 2011?

> The probability of being struck by lightning is .00016. Find the odds against being struck by lightning. Round your answer to the nearest whole number. (www.lightningsafety.noaa.gov)

> The probability that a 2011 Audi A8 is stolen is .0048. Find the odds against the theft of a 2011 Audi A8. Round your answer to the nearest whole number. (www.nhtsa.gov/theft)

> A study showed that trained police officers can detect a lie 65 percent of the time, based on controlled studies of videotapes with real-life lies and truths. What are the odds in favor of a lie being detected?

> To run its network, the Ramjac Corporation wants to install a system with dual independent servers. Employee Bob grumbled, “But that will double the chance of system failure.” Is Bob right? Explain your reasoning with an example.

> Bob owns two stocks. There is an 80 percent probability that stock A will rise in price, while there is a 60 percent chance that stock B will rise in price. There is a 40 percent chance that both stocks will rise in price. Are the stock prices independen

> On Los Angeles freeways during the rush hour, there is an 18 percent probability that a driver is using a hand-held cell phone. Which type of probability (classical, empirical, subjective) do you think this is?

> Bob’s exam score was 2.17 standard deviations above the mean. The exam was taken by 200 students. Assuming a normal distribution, how many scores were higher than Bob’s?

> If Punxsutawney Phil sees his shadow on February 2, then legend says that winter will last 6 more weeks. In 118 years, Phil has seen his shadow 104 times. (a) What is the probability that Phil will see his shadow on a randomly chosen Groundhog Day?