Bruce Palmer had worked for Moss and McAdams (M&M) for six years and was just promoted to account manager. His first assignment was to lead an audit of Johnsonville Trucks. He was quite pleased with the five accountants who had been assigned to his team, especially Zeke Olds. Olds was an Army vet who returned to school to get a double major in accounting and computer sciences. He was on top of the latest developments in financial information systems and had a reputation for coming up with innovative solutions to problems. M&M was a well-established regional accounting firm with 160 employees located across six offices in Minnesota and Wisconsin. The main office, where Palmer worked, was in Green Bay, Wisconsin. In fact, one of the founding members, Seth Moss, played briefly for the hometown NFL Packers during the late 1950s. M&M’s primary services were corporate audits and tax preparation. Over the last two years the partners decided to move more aggressively into the consulting business. M&M projected that consulting would represent 40 percent of their growth over the next five years. M&M operated within a matrix structure. As new clients were recruited, a manager was assigned to the account. A manager might be assigned to several accounts, depending on the size and scope of the work. This was especially true in the case of tax preparation projects, where it was not uncommon for a manager to be assigned to 8 to 12 clients. Likewise, senior and staff accountants were assigned to multiple account teams. Ruby Sands was the office manager responsible for assigning personnel to different accounts at the Green Bay office. She did her best to assign staff to multiple projects under the same manager. This wasn’t always possible, and sometimes accountants had to work on projects led by different managers. M&M, like most accounting firms, had a tiered promotion system. New CPAs entered as junior or staff accountants. Within two years, their performance was reviewed and they were either asked to leave or promoted to senior accountant. Sometime during their fifth or sixth year, a decision was made to promote them to account manager. Finally, after 10 to 12 years with the firm, the manager was considered for promotion to partner. This was a very competitive position. During the last five years, only 20 percent of account managers at M&M had been promoted to partner. However, once a partner, they were virtually guaranteed the position for life and enjoyed significant increases in salary, benefits, and prestige. M&M had a reputation for being a results driven organization; partner promotions were based on meeting deadlines, retaining clients, and generating revenue. The promotion team based its decision on the relative performance of the account manager in comparison to his or her cohorts. One week into the Johnsonville audit, Palmer received a call from Sands to visit her office. There he was introduced to Ken Crosby, who recently joined M&M after working nine years for a Big 5 accounting firm. Crosby was recruited to manage special consulting projects. Sands reported that Crosby had just secured a major consulting project with Springfield Metals. This was a major coup for the firm: M&M had competed against two Big 5 accounting firms for the project. Sands went on to explain that she was working with Crosby to put together his team. Crosby insisted that Zeke Olds be assigned to his team. Sands told him that this would be impossible because Olds was already assigned to work on the Johnsonville audit. Crosby persisted, arguing that Olds’s expertise was essential to the Springfield project. Sands decided to work out a compromise and have Olds split time across both projects. At this time Crosby turned to Palmer and said, “I believe in keeping things simple. Why don’t we agree that Olds works for me in the mornings and you in the afternoons . I’m sure we can work out any problems that come up. After all, we both work for the same firm.” SIX WEEKS LATER Palmer could scream whenever he remembered Crosby’s words, “After all, we both work for the same firm.” The first sign of trouble came during the first week of the new arrangement when Crosby called, begging to have Olds work all of Thursday on his project. They were conducting an extensive client visit, and Olds was critical to the assessment. After Palmer reluctantly agreed, Crosby said he owed him one. The next week when Palmer called Crosby to request that he return the favor, Crosby flatly refused and said any other time but not this week. Palmer tried again a week later and got the same response. At first Olds showed up promptly at 1:00 p.m. at Palmer’s office to work on the audit. Soon it became a habit to show up 30 to 60 minutes late. There was always a good reason. He was in a meeting in Springfield and couldn’t just leave, or an urgent task took longer than planned. One time it was because Crosby took his entire team out to lunch at the new Thai restaurant—Olds was over an hour late because of slow service. In the beginning Olds would usually make up the time by working after hours, but Palmer could tell from conversations he overheard that this was creating tension at home. What probably bothered Palmer the most were the e-mails and telephone calls Olds received from Crosby and his team members during the afternoons when he was supposed to be working for Palmer. A couple of times Palmer could have sworn that Olds was working on Crosby’s project in his (Palmer’s) office. Palmer met with Crosby to talk about the problem and voice his complaints. Crosby acted surprised and even a little bit hurt. He promised things would change, but the pattern continued. Palmer was becoming paranoid about Crosby. He knew that Crosby played golf with Olds on the weekends and could just imagine him badmouthing the Johnsonville project and pointing out how boring auditing work was. The sad fact was that there probably was some truth to what he was saying. The Johnsonville project was getting bogged down, and the team was slipping behind schedule. One of the contributing factors was Olds’s performance. His work was not up to its usual standards. Palmer approached Olds about this, and Olds became defensive. Olds later apologized and confided that he found it difficult switching his thinking from consulting to auditing and then back to consulting. He promised to do better, and there was a slight improvement in his performance. The last straw came when Olds asked to leave work early on Friday so that he could take his wife and kids to a Milwaukee Brewers baseball game. It turned out Springfield Metals had given Crosby their corporate tickets, and he decided to treat his team with box seats right behind the Brewers dugout. Palmer hated to do it, but he had to refuse the request. He felt guilty when he overheard Olds explaining to his son on the telephone why they couldn’t go to the game. Palmer finally decided to pick up the phone and request an urgent meeting with Sands to resolve the problem. He got up enough nerve and put in the call only to be told that Sands wouldn’t be back in the office until next week. As he put the receiver down, he thought maybe things would get better. TWO WEEKS LATER Sands showed up unexpectedly at Palmer’s office and said they needed to talk about Olds. Palmer was delighted, thinking that now he could tell her what had been going on. But before he had a chance to speak, Sands told him that Olds had come to see her yesterday. She told him that Olds confessed that he was having a hard time working on both Crosby’s and Palmer’s projects. He was having difficulty concentrating on the auditing work in the afternoon because he was thinking about some of the consulting issues that had emerged during the morning. He was putting in extra hours to try to meet both of the projects’ deadlines, and this was creating problems at home. The bottom line was that he was stressed out and couldn’t deal with the situation. He asked that he be assigned full-time to Crosby’s project. Sands went on to say that Olds didn’t blame Palmer, in fact he had a lot of nice things to say about him. He just enjoyed the consulting work more and found it more challenging. Sands concluded by saying, “I told him I understood, and I would talk to you about the situation and see what could be done. Frankly, I think we should pull him from your project and have him work full-time on Crosby’s project. What do you think?” 1. If you were Palmer at the end of the case, how would you respond? 2. What, if anything, could Palmer have done to avoid losing Olds? 3. What advantages and disadvantages of a matrix type organization are apparent from this case? 4. What could the management at M&M do to more effectively manage situations like this?
> Here is a partial work breakdown structure for a wedding. Use the method described in the Snapshot from Practice 6.1: The Yellow Sticky Approach to create a network for this project. Do not include summary tasks in the network (i.e., 1.3, Ceremony, is a
> The CyClon project team has started gathering information necessary to develop a project network—predecessor activities and activity time in days. The results of their meeting are found in the following table: Part A. Create a netwo
> The optical disk project team has started gathering the information necessary to develop the project network—predecessor activities and activity times in weeks. The results of their meeting are found in the following table The project
> Using Microsoft Project, set up the network and determine the critical path for Phase 1 of the Whistler Ski Resort project. The project workweek will be 5 days (M–F). Whistler Ski Resort Project Given the fact that the number of skiing visitors to Whis
> The planning department of an electronics firm has set up the activities for developing and production of a new MP3 Player. Given the information below, develop a project network using Microsoft Project. Assume a five-day workweek and the project starts
> You are managing a product upgrade project for Bangkokagogo. Given the project network that follows, complete the forward and backward pass, compute activity slack, and identify the critical path. Use this information to create a Gantt chart for the proj
> The G&E Company is preparing a bid to build the new 47,000-seat Shoreline baseball stadium. The construction must start on July 3, 2017, and be completed in time for the start of the 2020 season. A penalty clause of $250,000 per day of delay beyond A
> Brian Smith, network administrator at Advanced Energy Technology (AET), has been given the responsibility of implementing the migration of a large data center to a new office location. Careful planning is needed because AET operates in the highly competi
> How does the culture of an organization influence the quality of estimates?
> Develop a resource schedule in the loading chart that follows. Use the parallel method and heuristics given. Be sure to update each period as the computer would do. Note: activities 2, 3, 5, and 6 use two of the resource skills. Three of the resource sk
> Exercise Figure 5.1 is a project WBS with cost apportioned by percentages. If the total project cost is estimated to be $600,000, what are the estimated costs for the following deliverables? a. Design b. Programming c. In-house testing. What weaknesse
> What are the differences between bottom-up and top-down estimating approaches? Under what conditions would you prefer one over the other?
> Why are accurate estimates critical to effective project management?
> Why is it difficult to estimate mega project (e.g., airports, stadiums, etc.) costs and benefits?
> What are the major types of costs? Which costs are controllable by the project manager?
> Calculate the direct cost of labor for a project team member using the following data: Hourly rate: $40/hr Hours needed: 80 Overhead rate: 40%
> Firewall Project XT. Using the “complexity weighting” scheme shown in Table 5.3 and the function point complexity weight table shown below, estimate the total function point count. Assume historical data suggest five f
> Mrs. Tolstoy and her husband, Serge, are planning their dream house. The lot for the house sits high on a hill with a beautiful view of the Appalachian Mountains. The plans show the size of the house to be 2,900 square feet. The average price for a lot a
> Josh and Mike met each other as roommates during freshman year at MacAlister College in St. Paul, Minnesota. Despite a rocky start they became best friends. They are planning on going on a two-week adventure together to celebrate their graduation in June
> Check out the Project Management Institute’s home page at www.pmi.org. a. Review general information about PMI as well as membership information. b. See if there is a PMI chapter in your state. If not, where is the closest one? c. Use the search functi
> Three years ago the Sharp Printing (SP) strategic management group set a goal of having a color laser printer available for the consumer and small business market for less than $200. A few months later the senior management met off-site to discuss the ne
> NSDC has a contract to produce eight satellites to support a worldwide telephone system (for Alaska Telecom, Inc.) that allows individuals to use a single, portable telephone in any location on earth to call in and out. NSDC will develop and produce the
> What does it mean if the priorities of a project include: Time-constrain, Scopeaccept, and Cost-enhance?
> What questions does a project objective answer? What would be an example of a good project objective?
> What are the six elements of a typical scope statement?
> When would it be appropriate to create a responsibility matrix rather than a fullblown WBS?
> How does a communication plan benefit management of projects?
> What kinds of information are included in a work package?
> In small groups, identify real life examples of a project that would fit each of the following priority scenarios: Time-constrain, Scope-enhance, Cost-accept Time-accept, Scope-constrain, Cost-accept Time-constrain, Scope-accept, Cost-enhance
> You are in charge of organizing a dinner-dance concert for a local charity. You have reserved a hall that will seat 30 couples and have hired a jazz combo. a. Develop a scope statement for this project that contains examples of all the elements. Assume
> You have prepared the following schedule for a project in which the key resource is a tractor(s). There are three tractors available to the project. Activities A and D require one tractor to complete while activities B, C, E, and F require 2 tractors. D
> Develop a WBS for a local stage play. Be sure to identify the deliverables and organizational units (people) responsible. How would you code your system? Give an example of the work packages in one of your cost accounts. Develop a corresponding OBS which
> Develop a WBS for a project in which you are going to build a bicycle. Try to identify all of the major components and provide three levels of detail.
> Nicolette Larson was loading the dishwasher with her husband, Kevin, and telling him about the first meeting of the Manchester United Tournament Organizing Committee. Nicolette, a self-confessed “soccer mom,” had been elected tournament director and was
> Lukas Nelson and his wife, Anne, and their three daughters had been living in their house for over five years when they decided it was time to make some modest improvements. One area they both agreed needed an upgrade was the bathtub. Their current house
> This chapter discussed the role of values and beliefs in forming an organization’s culture. The topic of organizational culture is big business on the Internet. Many companies use their Web pages to describe their mission, vision, and c
> What distinguishes a weak matrix from a strong matrix?
> What are the relative advantages and disadvantages of the functional, matrix, and dedicated team approaches to managing projects?
> What do you believe is more important for successfully completing a project—the formal project management structure or the culture of the parent organization?
> Other than culture, what other organizational factors should be used to determine which project management structure should be used?
> Why is it important to assess the culture of an organization before deciding what project management structure should be used to complete a project?
> Individually, identify what you consider to be the greatest achievements of mankind in the last five decades. Now share your list with three to five other students in the class, and come up with an expanded list. Review these great achievements in terms
> How can project management offices (POs) support effective project management?
> Under what conditions would it be advisable to use a strong matrix instead of a dedicated project team?
> Going to college is analogous to working in a matrix environment in that most students take more than one class and must distribute their time across multiple classes. What problems does this situation create for you? How does it affect your performance?
> You work as an analyst in the marketing department for Springfield International (SI). SI uses a weak matrix to develop new services. Management has created an extremely competitive organizational culture that places an emphasis upon achieving results ab
> Use the cultural dimensions listed in Figure 3.5 to assess the culture of your school. Instead of employees, consider students, and instead of management, use faculty. For example, member identity refers to the degree to which students identify with the
> You work for Barbata Electronics. Your R&D people believe they have come up with an affordable technology that will double the capacity of existing MP3 players and use audio format that is superior to MP3. The project is code named KYSO (Knock Your Socks
> You work for LL Company, which manufactures high-end optical scopes for hunting rifles. LL Company has been the market leader for the past 20 years and has decided to diversify by applying its technology to develop a top-quality binocular. What kind of p
> Patti Smith looked up at the bright blue Carolina sky before she entered the offices of Horizon Consulting. Today was Friday, which meant she needed to prepare for the weekly status report meeting. Horizon Consulting is a custom software development comp
> Explain the role projects play in the strategic management process.
> Compute the early, late, and slack times for the activities in the network that follows, assuming a time-constrained network. Which activities are critical? What is the time-constrained project duration? Recall, in the schedule resource load chart the
> Why does the priority system described in this chapter require that it be open and published? Does the process encourage bottom-up initiation of projects? Does it discourage some projects? Why?
> The portfolio of projects is typically represented by compliance, strategic, and operations projects. What impact can this classification have on project selection?
> How are projects linked to the strategic plan?
> Describe the major components of the strategic management process.
> Discuss the pros and cons of the checklist versus the weighted factor method of selecting projects.
> Why should an organization not rely only on ROI to select projects?
> Pinyarat worked in the IT department of a diversified IT firm. She was describing the firm’s early encounters with critical-chain scheduling to a friend in another IT firm. Three years ago management decided to add 10 percent time to all activity estim
> In Chapter 6, Brian Smith, network administrator at Advanced Energy Technology (AET), was given the responsibility of implementing the migration of a large data center to a new office location. Careful planning was needed because AET operates in the hi
> International Capital, Inc. (IC), is a small investment banking firm that specializes in securing funds for small- to medium-sized firms. IC is able to use a standardized project format for each engagement. Only activity times and unusual circumstances c
> Why is it difficult to apply Agile PM to large-scale projects?
> What is iterative incremental development? Why is it useful for developing new products?
> Why is the traditional project management approach less effective when project scope and technology are not well known?
> What are the differences between a self-organizing team and a conventional project team?
> What similarities and differences exist between a traditional project manager and a Scrum master?
> You manage a hotel resort located on the South Beach on the Island of Kauai in Hawaii. You are shifting the focus of your resort from a traditional fun-in-the-sun destination to eco-tourism. (Eco-tourism focuses on environmental awareness and education.)
> What are the advantages of Agile PM? What are the disadvantages of Agile PM?
> You’ve just taken over a project from another project manager and have come back from a very uncomfortable meeting with your business sponsor. In the meeting, the sponsor told you how dissatisfied he is with the project’s performance to date and that he’
> Break into small groups and discuss the following question: What organizational, group, individual, and project factors do you think would promote the successful adoption of Agile PM methodologies like Scrum? Why?
> Kendra Hua had worked for six years as a software engineer in the IT department at Point 2 Point (P2P), a large freight moving company. She liked her job and the people she worked with. While she did some maintenance work, she worked primarily on project
> Why is it important to honor the customs and traditions of a country when working on an international project?
> What role do local intermediaries play in helping an outsider complete a project?
> How do environmental factors affect project implementation?
> How should you go about preparing yourself for an international project?
> What is culture shock? What can you do to reduce the negative effects of culture shock?
> Interview someone who has worked or lived in a foreign country for more than six months. a. What was his experience with culture shock? b. What did he learn about the culture of the country he lived in? c. What advice would he give to someone who woul
> The Custom Bike Company has set up a weighted scoring matrix for evaluation of potential projects. Below are five projects under consideration. a. Using the scoring matrix in the following chart, which project would you rate highest? Lowest? b. If the w
> Place in order the following countries in terms of what you would think would be the least to most corrupt: United States, Denmark, Saudi Arabia, Russia, Australia, Hong Kong, Nepal, China, Kenya, Indonesia, Botswana, Greece, Chile. Use an Internet sea
> Try as best you can to apply the Kluckhohn-Strodtbeck cross-cultural framework to the four countries discussed in this chapter: Mexico, France, Saudi Arabia, and China. Where do you think these countries lie on each of the cultural issues?
> Michael Thomas shouted, “Sasha, Tor-Tor, we’ve got to go! Our driver is waiting for us.” Thomas’s two daughters were fighting over who would get the last orange for lunch that day. Victoria (“Tor-Tor”) prevailed as she grabbed the orange and ran out the
> On December 26, 2004, an earthquake reaching 9.1 on the Richter scale triggered a series of devastating tsunamis off the coast of Indonesia. They spread throughout the Indian Ocean, killing large numbers of people and inundating coastal communities acros
> What major information would you expect to find in a project review?
> Why is it difficult to perform a truly independent, objective review?
> How does the project closure review differ from the performance measurement control system discussed in Chapter 13?
> Advocates of retrospective methodology claim there are distinguishing characteristics that increase its value over past lessons learned methods. What are they? How does each characteristic enhance project closure and review?
> Why should you separate performance reviews from pay reviews? How do you do this?
> Comment on the following statement: “We cannot afford to terminate the project now. We have already spent more than 50 percent of the project budget.”
> Given the time-phased work packages, complete the baseline budget form for the project. Time-phased budget ($ 000) Week 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 1O Task Budget o 6 Activity 1 4 4 13 2 2 4 2 2 Activity 2 6 Activity 3 10 Activity 4 2 3 3 8 Activity 5 3 2 1 Tot
> Consider a course that you recently completed. Perform a review of the course (the course represents a project and the course syllabus represents the project plan).
> What are some of the lessons learned from a recent project in your organization? Was a retrospective done? What action plans were generated to improve processes as a result of the project?
> Imagine you are conducting a review of the International Space Station project. Research press coverage and the Internet to collect information on the current status of the project. What are the successes and failures to date? What forecasts would you ma
> Olaf Gundersen, the CEO of Wireless Telecom Company, is in a quandary. Last year he accepted the Maximum Megahertz Project suggested by six up-and-coming young R&D corporate stars. Although Olaf did not truly understand the technical importance of the pr
> How does a tracking Gantt chart help communicate project progress?
> Schedule variance (SV) is in dollars and does not directly represent time. Why is it still useful?
> How does earned value give a clearer picture of project schedule and cost status than a simple plan versus actual system?
> On day 51 a project has an earned value of $600, an actual cost of $650, and a planned cost of $560. Compute the SV, CV, and CPI for the project. What is your assessment of the project on day 51?
> In month 9 the following project information is available: actual cost is $2,000, earned value is $2,100, and planned cost is $2,400. Compute the SV and CV for the project.
> How would a project manager use the CPI?
> Hector Gaming Company Hector Gaming Company (HGC) is an educational gaming company specializing in young children’s educational games. HGC has just completed their fourth year of operation. This year was a banner year for HGC. The company received a larg