Question: Comparisons of income can be very difficult

> Slow Roll Drum Co. is evaluating the extension of credit to a new group of customers. Although these customers will provide $180,000 in additional credit sales, 12 percent are likely to be uncollectible. The company will also incur $16,200 in additional

> Modern Furniture Company had finally arrived at the point where it had a sufficient excess cash flow of $4.8 million to consider paying a dividend. It had 3 million shares of stock outstanding and was considering paying a cash dividend of $1.60 per share

> Neon Light Company of Kansas City ships lamps and lighting appliances throughout the country. Ms. Neon has determined that through the establishment of local collection centers around the country, she can speed up the collection of payments by three days

> Fast Turnstiles Co. is evaluating the extension of credit to a new group of customers. Although these customers will provide $180,000 in additional credit sales, 12 percent are likely to be uncollectible. The company will also incur $16,200 in additional

> Henderson Office Supply is considering a more liberal credit policy to increase sales, but expects that 9 percent of the new accounts will be uncollectible. Collection costs are 6 percent of new sales, production and selling costs are 74 percent, and acc

> Johnson Electronics is considering extending trade credit to some customers previously considered poor risks. Sales would increase by $150,000 if credit is extended to these new customers. Of the new accounts receivable generated, 5 percent will prove to

> Wisconsin Snowmobile Corp. is considering a switch to level production. Cost efficiencies would occur under level production, and after tax costs would decline by $36,000, but inventory would increase by $300,000. Wisconsin Snowmobile has to finance the

> Diagnostic Supplies has expected sales of 84,100 units per year, carrying costs of $5 per unit, and an ordering cost of $10 per order. a. What is the economic order quantity? b. What is the average inventory? What is the total carrying cost? c. Assume an

> Fisk Corporation is trying to improve its inventory control system and has installed an online computer at its retail stores. Fisk anticipates sales of 49,000 units per year, an ordering cost of $2 per order, and carrying costs of $1.60 per unit. a. What

> Fisk Corporation is trying to improve its inventory control system and has installed an online computer at its retail stores. Fisk anticipates sales of 49,000 units per year, an ordering cost of $8 per order, and carrying costs of $1.60 per unit. a. What

> Nowlin Pipe & Steel has projected sales of 72,000 pipes this year, an ordering cost of $6 per order, and carrying costs of $2.40 per pipe. a. What is the economic ordering quantity? b. How many orders will be placed during the year? c. What will the aver

> Route Canal Shipping Company has the following schedule for aging of accounts receivable: a. Fill in column (4) for each month. b. If the firm had $1,500,000 in credit sales over the four-month period, compute the average collection period. Average dai

> Dr. Robert Grossman founded Electro Cardio Systems Inc. (ECS) in 2001. The principal purpose of the firm was to engage in the research and development of heart pump devices. Although the firm did not show a profit until 2006, by 2010 it reported after ta

> Mervyn’s Fine Fashions has an average collection period of 50 days. The accounts receivable balance is $95,000. What is the value of its credit sales?

> City Farm Insurance has collection centers across the country to speed up collections. The company also makes its disbursements from remote disbursement centers. The collection time has been reduced by two days and disbursement time increased by one day

> Sauer Food Company has decided to buy a new computer system with an expected life of three years. The cost is $150,000. The company can borrow $150,000 for three years at 10 percent annual interest or for one year at 8 percent annual interest. How much w

> Biochemical Corp. requires $550,000 in financing over the next three years. The firm can borrow the funds for three years at 10.60 percent interest per year. The CEO decides to do a forecast and predicts that if she utilizes short-term financing instead,

> Boatler Used Cadillac Co. requires $850,000 in financing over the next two years. The firm can borrow the funds for two years at 12 percent interest per year. Mr. Boatler decides to do forecasting and predicts that if he utilizes short-term financing ins

> Bambino Sporting Goods makes baseball gloves that are very popular in the spring and early summer season. Units sold are anticipated as follows: If seasonal production is used, it is assumed that inventory will directly match sales for each month and t

> Antonio Banderos & Scarves makes headwear that is very popular in the fall-winter season. Units sold are anticipated as: If seasonal production is used, it is assumed that inventory will directly match sales for each month and there will be no inve

> Antivirus Inc. expects its sales next year to be $2,500,000. Inventory and accounts receivable will increase $480,000 to accommodate this sales level. The company has a steady profit margin of 15 percent with a 35 percent dividend payout. How much extern

> Tobin Supplies Company expects sales next year to be $500,000. Inventory and accounts receivable will increase $90,000 to accommodate this sales level. The company has a steady profit margin of 12 percent with a 40 percent dividend payout. How much exter

> Esquire Products Inc. expects the following monthly sales: Cash sales are 40 percent in a given month, with the remainder going into accounts receivable. All receivables are collected in the month following the sale. Esquire sells all of its goods for

> The Crandall Corporation currently has 100,000 shares outstanding that are selling at $50 per share. It needs to raise $900,000. Net income after taxes is $500,000. Its vice president of finance and its investment banker have decided on a rights offering

> Bombs Away Video Games Corporation has forecasted the following monthly sales: Bombs Away Video Games sells the popular Strafe and Capture video game. It sells for $5 per unit and costs $2 per unit to produce. A level production policy is followed. Eac

> Eastern Auto Parts Inc. has 15 percent of its sales paid for in cash and 85 percent on credit. All credit accounts are collected in the following month. Assume the following sales: January……………………………..$65,000 February……………………………… 55,000 March…………………………

> Sharpe Knife Company expects sales next year to be $1,550,000 if the economy is strong, $825,000 if the economy is steady, and $550,000 if the economy is weak. Mr. Sharpe believes there is a 30 percent probability the economy will be strong, a 40 percent

> In Problem 18, what long-term interest rate would represent a break-even point between using short-term financing as described in part a and long-term financing? Data from Problem 18: Carmen’s Beauty Salon has estimated monthly financ

> Carmen’s Beauty Salon has estimated monthly financing requirements for the next six months as follows: Short-term financing will be utilized for the next six months. Projected annual interest rates: a. Compute total dollar interest

> Using the expectations hypothesis theory for the term structure of interest rates, determine the expected return for securities with maturities of two, three, and four years based on the following data. Do an analysis similar to that in the right-hand po

> Using the expectations hypothesis theory for the term structure of interest rates, determine the expected return for securities with maturities of two, three, and four years based on the following data. Do an analysis similar to that. 1-year T-bill

> Lear Inc. has $840,000 in current assets, $370,000 of which are considered permanent current assets. In addition, the firm has $640,000 invested in fixed assets. a. Lear wishes to finance all fixed assets and half of its permanent current assets with lon

> Guardian Inc. is trying to develop an asset-financing plan. The firm has $400,000 in temporary current assets and $300,000 in permanent current assets. Guardian also has $500,000 in fixed assets. Assume a tax rate of 40 percent. a. Construct two alternat

> In Problem 12, assume the term structure of interest rates becomes inverted, with short-term rates going to 11 percent and long-term rates 5 percentage points lower than short-term rates. If all other factors in the problem remain unchanged, what will e

> Barton Simpson, the chief financial officer of Broadband Inc. could hardly believe the change in interest rates that had taken place over the last few months. The interest rate on A2 rated bonds was now 6 percent. The $30 million, 15-year bond issue that

> Colter Steel has $4,200,000 in assets. Short-term rates are 8 percent. Long-term rates are 13 percent. Earnings before interest and taxes are $996,000. The tax rate is 40 percent. If long-term financing is perfectly matched (synchronized) with long-ter

> Assume that Atlas Sporting Goods Inc. has $840,000 in assets. If it goes with a low-liquidity plan for the assets, it can earn a return of 15 percent, but with a high-liquidity plan the return will be 12 percent. If the firm goes with a short-term financ

> Assume that Hogan Surgical Instruments Co. has $2,500,000 in assets. If it goes with a low-liquidity plan for the assets, it can earn a return of 18 percent, but with a high-liquidity plan, the return will be 14 percent. If the firm goes with a short-ter

> What is the difference between book value per share of common stock and market value per share? Why does this disparity occur?

> Discuss some financial variables that affect the price-earnings ratio.

> It has often been said that if the company can’t earn a rate of return greater than the cost of capital, it should not make investments. Explain.

> Explain the traditional, U-shaped approach to the cost of capital.

> Why is the remaining time to maturity an important factor in evaluating the impact of a change in yield to maturity on bond prices?

> What approaches can be taken in valuing a firm’s stock when there is no cash dividend payment?

> What factors might influence a firm’s price-earnings ratio?

> The Bailey Corporation, a manufacturer of medical supplies and equipment, is planning to sell its shares to the general public for the first time. The firm’s investment banker, Robert Merrill and Company, is working with Bailey Corporat

> List five different financial applications of the time value of money.

> Why might disinflation prove to be favorable to financial assets?

> Inflation can have significant effects on income statements and balance sheets, and therefore on the calculation of ratios. Discuss the possible impact of inflation on the following ratios, and explain the direction of the impact based on your assumption

> What is free cash flow? Why is it important to leveraged buyouts?

> Name the departments, offices, or agencies that were created by the Dodd–Frank legislation.

> How did the Sarbanes–Oxley Act impact corporations’ financial reports?

> What changes can take place under restructuring? In recent times, what group of investors has often forced restructuring to take place?

> Explain why the statement of cash flows provides useful information that goes beyond income statement and balance sheet data.

> What is the difference between a primary and a secondary market?

> Five years ago, Kennedy Trucking Company was considering the purchase of 60 new diesel trucks that were 15 percent more fuel-efficient than the ones the firm is now using. Mr. Hoffman, the president, had found that the company uses an average of 10 milli

> Surgical Supplies Corporation paid a dividend of $1.12 per share over the last 12 months. The dividend is expected to grow at a rate of 25 percent over the next three years (supernormal growth). It will then grow at a normal, constant rate of 7 percent f

> Children going back to school can be expensive for parents—second only to the Christmas holiday season in terms of spending. Forbes.com (august 12, 2015) estimated that in 2015, parents had an average of $1269 in back-to-school expenses. However, not eve

> Consider a chance experiment that consists of selecting a customer at random from all people who purchased a car at a large car dealership during 2016. a. In the context of this chance experiment, give an example of two events that would be mutually exc

> The national center for health Statistics (www.cdc .gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr64/nvsr64_12.pdf, retrieved April 25, 2017) gave the following information on births in the United States in 2014: Use this information to estimate the probability that a random

> The same issue of The Chronicle for Higher Education Almanac referenced in the previous exercise also reported the following information for Ph.D. degrees awarded by U.S. colleges in the 2013–2014 academic year: A total of 54,070 Ph.D. degrees were aw

> According to The Chronicle for Higher Education Almanac (2016), there were 1,003,329 Associate degrees awarded by U.S. community colleges in the 2013–2014 academic year. A total of 613,034 of these degrees were awarded to women. a. I f a person who rece

> Suppose you want to estimate the probability that a randomly selected customer at a particular grocery store will pay by credit card. Over the past 3 months, 80,500 purchases were made, and 37,100 of them were paid for by credit card. What is the estimat

> Roulette is a game of chance that involves spinning a wheel that is divided into 38 segments of equal size, as shown in the accompanying picture. A metal ball is tossed into the wheel as it is spinning, and the ball eventually lands in one of the 38 se

> A college job placement center has requests from five students for employment interviews. Three of these students are math majors, and the other two students are statistics majors. Unfortunately, the interviewer has time to talk to only two of the studen

> Suppose you want to estimate the probability that a patient will develop an infection while hospitalized at a particular hospital. In the past year, this hospital had 6450 patients, and 712 of them developed an infection. What is the estimated probabilit

> A professor assigns five problems to be completed as homework. At the next class meeting, two of the five problems will be selected at random and collected for grading. You have only completed the first three problems. a. What is the sample space for th

> Phoenix is a hub for a large airline. Suppose that on a particular day, 8000 passengers arrived in Phoenix on this airline. Phoenix was the final destination for 1800 of these passengers. The others were all connecting to flights to other cities. On this

> Give a relative frequency interpretation for each probability calculated in the previous exercise. Data from exercise 5.9: At a particular college, students have several options for purchasing textbooks. The options and the proportion of students choosi

> Data on manufacturing defects per 100 cars for the 30 brands of cars sold in the United States (USA TODAY, March 29, 2016) are: 97 134 198 142 95 135 132 145 136 129 152 158 169 155 106 125 120 153 208 163 204 173 165 126 113 167 171 166 181 161

> At a particular college, students have several options for purchasing textbooks. The options and the proportion of students choosing each option are shown in the accompanying table. If a student at this college is selected at random, what is the probab

> The probability of getting a king when a card is selected at random from a standard deck of 52 playing cards is 1 13. a. Give a relative frequency interpretation of this probability. b. Express the probability as a decimal rounded to three decimal

> If you were to roll a fair die 1000 times, about how many sixes do you think you would observe? What is the probability of observing a six when a fair die is rolled?

> A bookstore sells books in several formats—hardcover, paperback, digital, and audio. Based on past sales, the table below gives the estimated probabilities that a randomly selected purchase will be of particular types. If a purchase i

> In a particular state, automobiles that are more than 10 years old must pass a vehicle inspection in order to be registered. This state reports the probability that a car more than 10 years old will fail the vehicle inspection is 0.09. Give a relative fr

> What does it mean to say that the probability that a coin toss will land head side up is 0.5?

> For a monthly subscription fee, a video download site allows people to download and watch up to five movies per month. Based on past download histories, the following table gives the estimated probabilities that a randomly selected subscriber will downlo

> An airline reports that for a particular flight operating daily between Phoenix and Atlanta, the probability of an on-time arrival is 0.86. Give a relative frequency interpretation of this probability.

> The article “Scrambled Statistics: what Are the chances of Finding Multi-yolk eggs?” (Significance [August 2016]: 11) gives the probability of a double-yolk egg as 0.001. a. Give a relative frequency interpretation of this probability. b. If 5000 eggs

> An article in USA TODAY (October 19, 2010) describes a study of how young children learn. Sixty-four 18-monthold toddlers participated in the study. The toddlers were allowed to play in a lab equipped with toys, which also had a robot hidden behind a scr

> Data on tipping percent for 20 restaurant tables, consistent with summary statistics given in the paper “beauty and the labor Market: evidence from restaurant Servers” (unpublished manuscript by Matt Parrett, 2007), ar

> The press release “Men need to Man Up, according to ball Park brand Survey” (PR Newswire, October 14, 2015) describes the results of a study in which 1012 U.S. men were asked a number of questions about “life’s tough conversations.” One result from this

> The following conclusion from a statistical study appeared in the article “Smartphone nation” (AARP Bulletin, September 2009): “If you love your smartphone, you’re far from alone. Half of all boomers sleep with their cell phone within arm’s length. Two o

> The report “education Pays: how college Shapes lives” (trends.collegeboard.org/sites/default/files/education -pays-how-college-shapes-lives-report-022714.pdf, retrieved april 20, 2017) gave the following percentiles for annual earnings in 2011 for full-t

> The accompanying table gives the mean and standard deviation of reaction times (in seconds) for each of two different stimuli: Suppose your reaction time is 4.2 seconds for the first stimulus and 1.8 seconds for the second stimulus. Compared to other pe

> Fiber content (in grams per serving) and sugar content (in grams per serving) for 18 high-fiber cereals (www .consumerreports.com) are shown. Fiber Content Sugar Content a. Find the median, quartiles, and interquartile range for the fiber content data

> The report “Most licensed Drivers age 851: States” (www. bloomberg.com/graphics/best-and-worst/#most-licenseddrivers-age-85-plus-states, retrieved april 20, 2017) gives the percentage of drivers in each state and the D

> The accompanying data are a subset of data read from a graph in the paper “ladies First? a Field Study of Discrimination in coffee Shops” (Applied Economics, april 2008). The data are wait times (in seconds) between o

> The insurance institute for highway Safety (www.iihs.org, June 11, 2009) published data on repair costs for cars involved in different types of accidents. In one study, seven different 2009 models of mini- and micro-cars were driven at 6 miles per hour s

> Data on tipping percent for 20 restaurant tables, consistent with summary statistics given in the paper “beauty and the labor Market: evidence from restaurant Servers” (unpublished manuscript by Matt Parrett, 2007), ar

> The paper “caffeinated energy Drinks—a growing Problem” (Drug and Alcohol Dependence [2009]: 1–10) reported caffeine per ounce for 8 top-selling energy drinks and for 11 highcaffeine

> The accompanying data are consistent with summary statistics from the paper “Shape of glass and amount of alcohol Poured: comparative Study of effect of Practice and concentration” (British Medical Journal [2005]: 1512

> Data on a customer satisfaction rating (called the APEAL rating) are given for each brand of car sold in the United States (USA TODAY, March 29, 2016). The APEAL rating is a score between 0 and 1,000, with higher values indicating greater satisfaction. C

> For each of the following data sets, construct a graphical display of the data distribution and then indicate what summary measures you would use to describe center and variability. a. The following are data on weekend exercise time for 20 females consi

> Suppose that the distribution of scores on an exam is mound shaped and approximately symmetric. The exam scores have a mean of 100 and the 16th percentile is 80. a. What is the 84th percentile? b. What is the approximate value of the standard deviation

> The mean reading speed of students completing a speed-reading course is 450 words per minute (wpm). If the standard deviation is 70 wpm, find the z-score associated with each of the following reading speeds. a. 320 wpm b. 475 wpm c. 420 wpm d.

> Suppose that the distribution of weekly water usage for single-family homes in a particular city is mound shaped and approximately symmetric. The mean is 1400 gallons, and the standard deviation is 300 gallons. a. What is the approximate value of the 16

> The mean number of text messages sent per month by customers of a cell phone service provider is 1650, and the standard deviation is 750. Find the z-score associated with each of the following numbers of text messages sent. a. 0 b. 10,000 c. 4500 d. 3

> The following data values are the 2014 per capita operating expenditures on public libraries for each of the 50 U.S. states and Washington, D.C. (from www.imls.gov /research-evaluation/data-collection/public-libraries-survey /explore-pls-data, retrieved

> Suppose that your younger sister is applying to college and has taken the SAT exam. She scored at the 83rd percentile on the verbal section of the test and at the 94th percentile on the math section. Because you have been studying statistics, she asks yo