Question: Describe a set of circumstances in which

> Identify each of the items shown in the left column of the following table as being an upstream, a midstream, or a downstream cost by placing an X in the one of the columns to the right of the items column. The first item is shown as an example. Item Tel

> This case examines potential ethical issues faced by the dialysis clinic described in ATC 5-2. It is, however, an independent case that students may study in conjunction with or separately from ATC 5-2. The dialysis clinic provides two types of treatment

> Fuji Manufacturing Company began operations on January 1. During January, it started and completed 6,000 units of product. Assume all financial statement data are prepared in accordance with GAAP. The company incurred the following costs. 1. Raw material

> Mueller Electronics Company experienced the following events during its first accounting period. 1. Received $87,000 cash by issuing common stock. 2. Paid $30,000 cash for wages to production workers. 3. Paid $15,000 for salaries to administrative staff.

> In reviewing Larson Company’s September accounting records, Andy Miranda, the chief accountant, noted the following depreciation costs. Assume product costs are defined by GAAP. 1. Factory buildings—$75,000. 2. Computers used in manufacturing—$12,000. 3.

> Finch Corporation recognized accrued compensation cost. Use the following model to show how this event would affect the company’s financial statements under the following two assumptions: (1) the compensation is for office personnel and

> Use the following table to classify each cost as a product cost or an SG&A cost. Also indicate whether the cost would be recorded as an asset or an expense. Assume product cost is defined by generally accepted accounting principles. The first item is sho

> Identifying product versus selling, general, and administrative (SG&A) costs Required Indicate whether each of the following costs should be classified as a product cost or as an SG&A cost in accordance with GAAP: 1. Direct materials used in a manufactur

> Identifying financial versus managerial accounting items Required Indicate whether each of the following items is representative of managerial or of financial accounting. 1. Information is factual and is characterized by objectivity, reliability, consist

> Parliament Company, which expects to start operations on January 1, Year 2, will sell digital cameras in shopping malls. Parliament has budgeted sales as indicated in the following table. The company expects a 10 percent increase in sales per month for F

> Jacob Long, the controller of Arvada Corporation, is trying to prepare a sales budget for the coming year. The income statements for the last four quarters follow. Historically, cost of goods sold is about 60 percent of sales revenue. Selling and adminis

> Lois Bragg owns a small restaurant in Boston. Ms. Bragg provided her accountant with the following summary information regarding expectations for the month of June. The balance in accounts receivable as of May 31 is $40,000. Budgeted cash and credit sale

> Lucy Sawyer, who owns and operates Sawyer Toy Company, is a perfectionist. She believes literally in the “zero-defects” approach to quality control. Her favorite saying is, “You can’

> The accountant for Jean’s Dress Shop prepared the following cash budget. Jean’s desires to maintain a cash balance of $10,000 at the end of each month. Funds are assumed to be borrowed and repaid on the last day of eac

> January budgeted selling and administrative expenses for the retail shoe store that Craig Shea plans to open on January 1, Year 1, are as follows: sales commissions, $50,000; rent, $30,000; utilities, $10,000; depreciation, $5,000; and miscellaneous, $2,

> The budget director for Kanosh Cleaning Services prepared the following list of expected selling and administrative expenses. All expenses requiring cash payments are paid for in the month incurred except salary expense and insurance. Salary is paid in t

> Executive officers of Stoneham Company are wrestling with their budget for the next year. The following are two different sales estimates provided by two difference sources. Stoneham’s past experience indicates that cost of goods sold i

> Teresa Flanagan, the accountant, is a perfectionist. No one can do the job as well as she can. Indeed, she has found budget information provided by the various departments to be worthless. She must change everything they give her. She has to admit that h

> Hensely Company, which produces and sells a small digital clock, bases its pricing strategy on a 25 percent markup on total cost. Based on annual production costs for 25,000 units of product, computations for the sales price per clock follow. Unit-level

> Describe the qualitative factors that Katzev should consider before accepting the special order described in Exercise 6-7A. Data from Exercise 6-7A: Katzev Company manufactures a personal computer designed for use in schools and markets it under its own

> Katzev Company manufactures a personal computer designed for use in schools and markets it under its own label. Katzev has the capacity to produce 40,000 units a year but is currently producing and selling only 32,000 units a year. The computer’s normal

> Visburg Concrete Company pours concrete slabs for single-family dwellings. Lancing Construction Company, which operates outside Visburg’s normal sales territory, asks Visburg to pour 40 slabs for Lancing’s new development of homes. Visburg has the capaci

> Norman Dowd owns his own taxi, for which he bought a $10,000 permit to operate two years ago. Mr. Dowd earns $30,000 a year operating as an independent but has the opportunity to sell the taxi and permit for $36,500 and take a position as dispatcher for

> In June, 2020, The Volvo Group announced a recall of over 2 million vehicles worldwide, including more than 300,000 in the United States. Consumer Reports website has a good summary of this recall and the issue causing it. Use the following link to find

> Costs can be classified into one of four categories, including unit-level, batch-level, product-level, or facility-level costs. Required Classify each of the items listed below into one of the four categories listed previously. The first item has been ca

> Boyle Company makes fine jewelry that it sells to department stores throughout the United States. Boyle is trying to decide which of two bracelets to manufacture. Cost data pertaining to the two choices follow. Required 1. Identify the fixed costs and de

> Sweet Taste has the capacity to produce either 45,000 corncob pipes or 21,000 cornhusk dolls per year. The pipes cost $3.00 each to produce and sell for $7.50 each. The dolls sell for $10.00 each and cost $4.00 to produce. Required Assuming that Sweet Ta

> Because of rapidly advancing technology, Chicago Publications Corporation is considering replacing its existing typesetting machine with leased equipment. The old machine, purchased two years ago, has an expected useful life of six years and is in good c

> Kahn Company paid $240,000 to purchase a machine on January 1, Year 1. During Year 3, a technological breakthrough resulted in the development of a new machine that costs $300,000. The old machine costs $100,000 per year to operate, but the new machine c

> Kilgore Company makes and sells a single product. Kilgore incurred the following costs in its most recent fiscal year. Kilgore could purchase the products that it currently makes. If it purchased the items, the company would continue to sell them using i

> Mead Company is considering the replacement of some of its manufacturing equipment. Information regarding the existing equipment and the potential replacement equipment follows. The amounts shown for operating expenses are the cumulative total of all suc

> Tesla management are trying to decide whether to keep an older piece of machinery or buy a replacement. Management was presented with the following information to assist in their decision: - The old machine was purchased three years ago for $720,000 and

> Roadrunner Freight Company owns a truck that cost $42,000. Currently, the truck’s book value is $24,000, and its expected remaining useful life is four years. Roadrunner has the opportunity to purchase for $31,200 a replacement truck that is extremely fu

> Lake Corporation is considering the elimination of one of its segments. The segment incurs the following fixed costs. If the segment is eliminated, the building it uses will be sold. Required Based on this information, determine the amount of avoidable c

> A dialysis clinic provides two types of treatment for its patients. Hemodialysis (HD), an in-house treatment, requires that patients visit the clinic three times each week for dialysis treatments. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) permits patients to self-adminis

> Use the January 28, 2019, Form 10-K for Stanley Black & Decker, Inc. (Stanley), to complete the following requirements. To obtain the Form 10-K, you can use the EDGAR system following the instructions in Appendix A, or it can be found under “Corporate In

> Dudley Transport Company divides its operations into four divisions. A recent income statement for its West Division follows. Required 1. Should West Division be eliminated? Support your answer by explaining how the division’s eliminati

> Buckley Company operates three segments. Income statements for the segments imply that profitability could be improved if Segment A were eliminated. Required 1. Explain the effect on profitability if Segment A is eliminated. 2. Prepare comparative income

> Omron Electronics currently produces the shipping containers it uses to deliver the electronics products it sells. The monthly cost of producing 10,000 containers follows. Unit-level materials $7,500 Unit-level labor 8,250 Unit-level overhead 5,250 Pr

> Kawai Corporation, which makes and sells 85,000 radios annually, currently purchases the radio speakers it uses for $8.00 each. Each radio uses one speaker. The company has idle capacity and is considering the possibility of making the speakers that it n

> Levesque Company makes and sells lawn mowers for which it currently makes the engines. It has an opportunity to purchase the engines from a reliable manufacturer. The annual costs of making the engines are shown here. Cost of materials (20,000 units × $2

> Steele Bicycle Manufacturing Company currently produces the handlebars used in manufacturing its bicycles, which are high-quality racing bikes with limited sales. Steele produces and sells only 10,000 bikes each year. Due to the low volume of activity, S

> Gayla Ojeda is trying to decide which of two different kinds of candy to sell in her retail candy store. One type is a name-brand candy that will practically sell itself. The other candy is cheaper to purchase but does not carry an identifiable brand nam

> Sheridan Publishing identified the following overhead activities, their respective costs, and their cost drivers to produce the three types of textbooks the company publishes. Deluxe textbooks are made with the finest-quality paper, six-color printing, a

> Vaulker Company produces commercial gardening equipment. Since production is highly automated, the company allocates its overhead costs to product lines using activity-based costing. The costs and cost drivers associated with the four overhead activity c

> Use the information in Exercise 5-6A to complete the following requirements. Assume that before shifting to activity-based costing, Snowden Industries allocated all overhead costs based on direct labor hours. Direct labor data pertaining to the two decod

> Hydraulic Hoses, Inc., produces specialized industrial hoses for applications such as high-pressure hydraulics and the transference of highly corrosive materials. The company has recently implemented an ABC system for three of its products, and is intere

> Snowden Industries produces two electronic decoders, P and Q. Decoder P is more sophisticated and requires more programming and testing than does Decoder Q. Because of these product differences, the company wants to use activity-based costing to allocate

> Evert Company makes two types of circuit boards. One is a high-caliber board designed to accomplish the most demanding tasks; the other is a low-caliber board designed to provide limited service at an affordable price. During its most recent accounting p

> Anniston Manufacturing incurred the following costs during Year 2 to produce its high-quality precision instruments. The company used an activity-based costing system and identified the following activities: 1. Depreciation on manufacturing equipment. 2.

> Provide at least one example of an appropriate cost driver (allocation base) for each of the following activities: 1. Engineering drawings are produced for design changes. 2. Purchase orders are issued. 3. Products are labeled, packaged, and shipped. 4.

> The preceding graph depicts the relationships among the components of total quality cost. 1. Label the lines identified as A, B, and C. 2. Explain the relationships depicted in the graph.

> Blevins Boards produces two kinds of skateboards. Selected unit data for the two boards for the last quarter follow. Blevins allocates production overhead using activity-based costing. It allocates delivery expense and sales commissions, which amount to

> Wu Manufacturing produces two keyboards, one for laptop computers and the other for desktop computers. The production process is automated, and the company has found activity-based costing useful in assigning overhead costs to its products. The company h

> Tanner Manufacturing is developing an activity-based costing system to improve overhead cost allocation. One of the first steps in developing the system is to classify the costs of performing production activities into activity cost pools. Required Using

> Production workers for Chadwick Manufacturing Company provided 3,200 hours of labor in January and 2,800 hours in February. The company, whose operation is labor intensive, expects to use 48,000 hours of labor during the year. Chadwick paid a $120,000 an

> Phillips Paints manufactures three types of paint in a joint process: rubberized paint, rust-proofing paint, and aluminum paint. In a standard batch of 500,000 gallons of raw material, the outputs are 240,000 gallons of rubberized paint, 80,000 gallons o

> Production workers for Essa Manufacturing Company provided 300 hours of labor in January and 600 hours in February. Essa expects to use 5,000 hours of labor during the year. The rental fee for the manufacturing facility is $6,000 per month. Required Expl

> Fanya Construction Company expects to build three new homes during a specific accounting period. The estimated direct materials and labor costs are as follows. Assume Fanya needs to allocate two major overhead costs ($80,000 of employee fringe benefits a

> Willey Company makes three products in its factory: plastic cups, plastic tablecloths, and plastic bottles. The expected overhead costs for the next fiscal year include the following. Factory manager’s salary $ 210,000 Factory utility cost 70,000 Factory

> Tyson Hats Corporation manufactures three different models of hats: Vogue, Beauty, and Glamour. Tyson expects to incur $480,000 of overhead cost during the next fiscal year. Other budget information follows. Required 1. Use direct labor hours as the cost

> Ware Manufacturing Company produced 2,000 units of inventory in January Year 2. It expects to produce an additional 14,000 units during the remaining 11 months of the year. In other words, total production for Year 2 is estimated to be 16,000 units. Dire

> Rasmussen Corporation expects to incur indirect overhead costs of $80,000 per month and direct manufacturing costs of $12 per unit. The expected production activity for the first four months of the year are as follows. Required 1. Calculate a predetermin

> Beasley Services Company (BSC) has 50 employees, 28 of whom are assigned to Division A and 22 to Division B. BSC incurred $450,000 of fringe benefits cost during Year 2. Required Determine the amount of the fringe benefits cost to be allocated to Divisio

> Quinlan Trust Corporation has two service departments: actuary and economic analysis. Quinlan also has three operating departments: annuity, fund management, and employee benefit services. The annual costs of operating the service departments are $480,00

> Kirby Health Care Center Inc. has three clinics servicing the Seattle metropolitan area. The company’s legal services department supports the clinics. Moreover, its computer services department supports all of the clinics and the legal

> Conrad Corporation’s computer services department assists two operating departments in using the company’s information system effectively. The annual cost of computer services is $600,000. The production department employs 38 employees, and the sales dep

> Brook Health Care Center Inc. has three clinics servicing the Birmingham metropolitan area. The company’s legal services department supports the clinics. Moreover, its computer services department supports all of the clinics and the leg

> Miriana Clinics provides medical care in three departments: internal medicine (IM), pediatrics (PD), and obstetrics gynecology (OB). The estimated costs to run each department follow. Miriana expects to incur $450,000 of indirect (overhead) costs in the

> Ferrier Chemical Company makes three products, B7, K6, and X9, which are joint products from the same materials. In a standard batch of 150,000 pounds of raw materials, the company generates 35,000 pounds of B7, 75,000 pounds of K6, and 40,000 pounds of

> Arrow Manufacturing Co. expects to make 50,000 chairs during the Year 1 accounting period. The company made 3,000 chairs in January. Materials and labor costs for January were $36,000 and $48,000, respectively. Arrow produced 4,000 chairs in February. Ma

> Erickson Air is a large airline company that pays a customer relations representative $8,000 per month. The representative, who processed 3,000 customer complaints in January and 2,500 complaints in February, is expected to process 40,000 customer compla

> Ludmilla Construction Company is composed of two divisions: (1) Home Construction and (2) Commercial Construction. The Home Construction Division is in the process of building 12 houses and the Commercial Construction Division is working on three project

> Askew Enterprises produces a product with fixed costs of $200,000 and variable cost of $9 per unit. The company desires to earn a $100,000 profit and believes it can sell 20,000 units of the product. Required 1. Based on this information, determine the t

> The marketing manager of Griffin Corporation has determined that a market exists for a telephone with a sales price of $36 per unit. The production manager estimates the annual fixed costs of producing between 40,000 and 80,000 telephones would be $450,0

> Stone Corporation is a manufacturing company that makes small electric motors it sells for $45 per unit. The variable costs of production are $25 per motor, and annual fixed costs of production are $800,000. Required 1. How many units of product must Sto

> Fowler Company produces a product that sells for $200 per unit and has a variable cost of $125 per unit. Fowler incurs annual fixed costs of $450,000. Required 1. Determine the sales volume in units and dollars required to break even. 2. Calculate the br

> Information concerning a product produced by Hansen Company appears as follows. Sales price per unit $ 180 Variable cost per unit $100 Total annual fixed manufacturing and operating costs $720,000 Required Determine the following: 1. Contribution margin

> The American Acupuncture Association offers continuing professional education courses for its members at its annual meeting. Instructors are paid a fee for each student attending their courses but are charged a fee for overhead costs that is deducted fro

> Barclay Corporation produced 250,000 watches that it sold for $32 each during Year 2. The company determined that fixed manufacturing cost per unit was $16 per watch. The company reported a $2,400,000 gross margin on its Year 2 financial statements. Requ

> Santiago Company incurs annual fixed costs of $66,000. Variable costs for Santiago’s product are $34 per unit, and the sales price is $50 per unit. Santiago desires to earn an annual profit of $34,000. Required Use the contribution margin ratio approach

> Chang Corporation sells products for $120 each that have variable costs of $80 per unit. Chang’s annual fixed cost is $720,000. Required Use the per-unit contribution margin approach to determine the break-even point in units and dollars.

> The Blanket Company (TBC) manufactures two types of blankets. One is made of nylon. The other is made of wool. The budgeted per-unit contribution margin for each product follows. TBC expects to incur annual fixed costs of $716,000. The relative sales mi

> Riku Company manufactures two products. The budgeted per-unit contribution margin for each product follows. Riku expects to incur annual fixed costs of $540,000. The relative sales mix of the products is 70 percent for Super and 30 percent for Supreme. R

> Malone Company produces a product that has a variable cost of $54 per unit and a sales price of $79 per unit. The company’s annual fixed costs total $750,000. It had net income of $250,000 in the previous year. In an effort to increase the company’s mark

> Cobb Company currently produces and sells 9,000 units annually of a product that has a variable cost of $20 per unit and annual fixed costs of $195,000. The company currently earns a $228,000 annual profit. Assume that Cobb has the opportunity to invest

> Use Exhibit 3.3 in this chapter to answer the following questions. Required 1. Determine the sales volume, fixed cost, and variable cost per unit at the break-even point. 2. Determine the expected profit if Bright Day projects the following data for Dela

> Owen Company makes a product that sells for $61 per unit. The company pays $37 per unit for the variable costs of the product and incurs annual fixed costs of $360,000. Owen expects to sell 20,000 units of product. Required Determine Owen’s margin of saf

> Match the numbers shown in the graph with the following items: 1. Fixed cost line 2. Total cost line 3. Break-even point 4. Area of profit 5. Revenue line 6. Area of loss

> Bullions Enterprises Inc. (BEI) makes gold, silver, and bronze medals used to recognize outstanding athletic performance in regional and national sporting events. The per-unit direct costs of producing the medals follow. During the year, BEI made 1,200 u

> Dannica Corporation produces products that it sells for $40 each. Variable costs per unit are $25, and annual fixed costs are $360,000. Dannica desires to earn a profit of $150,000. Required 1. Use the equation method to determine the break-even point in

> The following graph setups depict the dollar amount of fixed cost on the vertical axes and the level of activity on the horizontal axes. Required 1. Draw a line that depicts the relationship between total fixed cost and the level of activity. 2. Draw a l

> Bell Entertainment sells souvenir T-shirts at each rock concert that it sponsors. The shirts cost $7 each. Any excess shirts can be returned to the manufacturer for a full refund of the purchase price. The sales price is $16 per shirt. Required 1. What a

> Bell Entertainment sponsors rock concerts. The company is considering a contract to hire a band at a cost of $84,000 per concert. Required 1. What are the total band cost and the cost per person if concert attendance is 2,000, 2,500, 3,000, 3,500, or 4,0

> Leach Trophies makes and sells trophies it distributes to little league ballplayers. The company normally produces and sells between 6,000 and 12,000 trophies per year. The following cost data apply to various activity levels. Number of Trophies 6,000 8,

> Tanaka Company’s cost and production data for two recent months included the following. Required 1. Separately calculate the rental cost per unit and the utilities cost per unit for both March and April. 2. Identify which cost is variab

> The following variable production costs apply to goods made by O’Brien Manufacturing Corporation. Required Determine the total variable production cost, assuming that O’Brien makes 4,000, 8,000, or 12,000 units.

> Fanning Corporation incurs the following annual fixed costs. Required Determine the total fixed cost per unit of production, assuming that Fanning produces 4,000, 4,500, or 5,000 units.

> At the various activity levels shown, Harper Company incurred the following costs. Required Identify each of these costs as fixed, variable, or mixed.

> Sterling Boat Company makes inexpensive aluminum fishing boats. Production is seasonal, with considerable activity occurring in the spring and summer. Sales and production tend to decline in the fall and winter months. During Year 2, the high point in ac