Describe the four types of processes used to produce goods and services.
> Discuss four strategies used for capacity expansion. What are the risks and benefits of each strategy?
> A part-time employee who rolls out dough balls at a pizza restaurant was observed over a 40-hour period for a work-sampling study. During that time, she prepared 550 pieces of pizza dough. The analyst made 50 observations and found the employee not worki
> Explain the concept of capacity.
> Explain how to apply simple moving average and exponential smoothing models.
> Explain how to determine the number of data values (k) in a moving average forecast.
> Explain how modern vehicle routing and dispatching software and systems can support sustainability goals and objectives.
> Explain how to compute single moving average forecasts.
> Define forecast error. Explain how to calculate the three common measures of forecast accuracy.
> Explain the importance of selecting the proper planning horizon in forecasting.
> What is a time series? Explain the four characteristics that time series may exhibit and provide some practical examples.
> Describe the different time horizons used in forecasting and provide examples of each.
> How is forecasting used throughout the value chain?
> What is bias in forecasting? Explain the importance of using tracking signals to monitor forecasts.
> Using a rating factor of 1.00, compute the normal time for drilling a hole in a steel plate if these are the observed times (in minutes):
> Describe how statistical and judgmental forecasting techniques are applied in practice.
> Explain the role of judgment in forecasting.
> Research software available to organizations to create staff schedules. What features do these types of software have? Prepare a one-page report.
> Describe how to apply regression as a forecasting approach.
> Define forecasting and explain why it is important.
> What is work measurement? How can it be used to improve organizational performance?
> Explain how to design product layouts using assembly line balancing.
> What is a “closeness rating” and how can computer analysis support layout decisions?
> Explain the concepts of designing process layouts.
> When might you have to rebalance an assembly line?
> What is an assembly line? Define the "assembly line balancing problem" and explain what information is needed to solve it.
> The Florida Appliance Company is installing an assembly line to produce vacuum cleaners, and you, as an operations manager, are responsible for balancing the line. The tasks to be performed are listed below, along with their task times in seconds and imm
> What are “flow blocking delay” and “lack of work delay”? What types of designs can help to reduce these two sources of delay?
> Why is staff scheduling in a service environment a difficult task? What can managers do to ensure that staff schedules are effective and efficient?
> Under what conditions are facility-layout studies conducted?
> Describe the human issues related to workplace design.
> What key questions should be asked when designing workplaces?
> Describe the Ethical Trading Initiative (ETI) and how it fits with sustainability.
> Define ergonomics and give an example of a good or bad experience.
> Why is safety important?
> Define job design, job enlargement, and job enrichment, and give a non-textbook example of each.
> What is time study? Describe the basic procedure for conducting a time study.
> How does standard time differ from normal time? How are standard times used in operations management?
> Balance the assembly line in Exhibit 8.16 for (a) a shift output of 40 pieces and (b) a shift output of 20 pieces. Assume an 8-hour shift and use the rule: choose the assignable task with the longest processing time. Compute the line efficiency for each
> Explain why appointments are necessary for many professional services. (Hint: How do services differ from goods as described in Chapter 1?) List and explain some key issues and decisions that must be addressed in designing appointment systems.
> Explain how actual resource utilization might be only 40 percent at a non-bottleneck workstation by applying the TOC.
> Explain the concept of normal time. How can an operations manager verify whether the time to perform a task is indeed “normal”?
> What are the objectives of facility and work design? How can it help support strategic directions?
> What is a process map? How is it used in process design?
> Explain the logic and use of the service-positioning matrix.
> Explain the differences between customer-routed services and provider-routed services and give an example of each.
> Define a pathway and give an example.
> Define a service encounter activity sequence and give three examples.
> Explain the logic and use of the product-process matrix.
> What is the (traditional) product life cycle? How does it relate to process design and selection? Explain how firms make money when their goods or services follow the traditional product life cycle.
> Write a one-page paper listing the advantages and disadvantages of using part-time employees to help meet demand.
> You have been asked to set up an assembly line to assemble a computer mouse. The precedence network is shown in Exhibit 8.15; task times in minutes are given in parentheses. There are 480 minutes of assembly time per shift and the company operates one
> Chris, we make the highest-quality grass seed and fertilizer in the world. Our brands are known everywhere!” stated Caroline Ebelhar, the vice president of manufacturing for The Lawn Care Company. “Yeah! But the custom
> What is reengineering? How does it differ from other approaches to process improvement?
> How can process maps be used for improvement?
> What are the possible objectives to improving a process?
> Describe the types of errors that service poka-yokes are designed to prevent.
> Why do people make inadvertent mistakes? How does poka-yoke help prevent such mistakes?
> Describe how to apply process and value stream mapping for process design.
> What is the value stream? How does a value stream map differ from an ordinary process map?
> Explain the concept of the hierarchy of work. How is it useful in process design activities?
> Interview an operations or logistics manager at a nearby manufacturing or service company to find out about scheduling problems the company faces and how they are addressed.
> What are the advantages of clearly defining the process boundaries?
> Define custom, option, and standard goods and services and give a new example of each. How does the type of goods and services affect process choice?
> For the in-line skate example described in Problem 42, design a production line to achieve an output rate of 90 per hour.
> Define outsourcing, offshoring, and reshoring and explain how they differ.
> How can break-even analysis be used to help managers make outsourcing decisions?
> What is a third-party logistics (3PL) provider? How does Amazon use 3PL providers?
> What is a contract manufacturer? Provide some examples of contract manufacturers used by Apple.
> Describe the ideas of vertical, forward, and backward integration.
> Define push and pull supply chains and explain how they differ.
> Define efficient and responsive supply chains and explain how they differ.
> Discuss scheduling and sequencing issues in municipal services such as garbage collection, school-bus routing, or snowplowing. What types of criteria and approaches might be used?
> Define operational structure and provide an example of centralized control and decentralized control.
> Explain supply chain optimization and how the transportation model can be used to help optimize costs in supply chains.
> Identify and explain the four EPIC dimensions to help location facilities around the world.
> For the in-line skate assembly example in this chapter, suppose the times for the individual operations are as follows: Assume that inspections cannot be performed by production personnel, but only by persons from quality control. Therefore, assembly ope
> Explain how the center of gravity method works.
> Explain the types of decisions required and criteria used to locate facilities in supply chains.
> Define multisite management and provide one example of a company that must handle this challenge.
> Describe how Inditex/Zara designs and operates its supply chain.
> Explain the concept of a global supply chain and describe the key design decisions.
> What is the rationale for product and process simplification?
> How does your college or university schedule classes? What criteria are used?
> Describe how design for manufacturability (DFM) and design for sustainability are used for designing manufactured goods.
> Describe how reliability is used for designing manufactured goods.
> Describe how the Taguchi loss function is used for designing manufactured goods.
> Describe the goal-post view of conforming to specifications.
> To make one particular model of a personal digital assistant (PDA) on an assembly line, the work content is defined by the ten tasks below. a. Draw the precedence diagram for this assembly line. b. What is the cycle time if you want to produce 4,500 PDAs
> Explain the concept and application of quality function deployment.
> What is prototype testing? Why is it used?
> What are the six major steps in designing goods and services?
> Explain how goods and service design concepts are integrated at LensCrafters.
> Define a service upset and provide one example from your personal experiences.
> Discuss how you decide to schedule your school assignments. Do your informal scheduling rules correspond to any of those in this chapter?
> Define a service guarantee and provide one example.
> Describe the four elements of service-encounter design.
> Define high- and low-contact systems and provide examples of each.
> What is customer contact?
> Explain the five elements of service-delivery system design.
> For the assembly line described in problem 39, how would the line be balanced by choosing the assignable task having the shortest task time first?
