Question: Discuss lowering portfolio risk through

> Briefly explain the pros and cons of financial leverage. In other words, what are its benefits, and what are the costs that come along with those benefits?

> Both business risk and financial risk would exist with or without either type of leverage. Leverage just makes them more significant. Are these statements true or false? Explain.

> Why are ROE and EPS such important measures of performance to investors?

> Relate business and financial risk as defined in this chapter to the risks described in Chapter 9.

> The user of leverage might be thought of as taking advantage of the provider. Between stockholders and bondholders, who is the user and who is the provider? Give a word explanation or illustration that might support this view. What does the used party

> Define the marginal cost of capital (MCC) and explain in words why it predictably undergoes a step function increase (breaks) as more capital is raised during a budget period.

> Establishing the cost of equity is the most arbitrary and difficult part of developing a firm's cost of capital. Outline the reasons behind this problem and the approaches available to making the best of it.

> A number of investment projects are under consideration at your company. You've calculated the cost of capital based on market values and rates, and analyzed the projects using IRR and NPV. Several projects are marginally acceptable. While watching th

> Describe the concept of beta. Include what it measures and how it's developed.

> There's an issue of historical versus market value with respect to both the cost of capital components and the amounts of those components used in developing weights. We're willing to accept an approximation for the weights, but not for the cost/returns

> The investor's return and the company's cost are opposite sides of the same coin—almost, but not quite. Explain.

> You are a new financial analyst working for a company that's more than 100 years old. The CFO has asked you and a young member of the accounting staff to work together in reviewing the firm's capital structure for the purpose of recalculating its cost o

> Why did credit default swaps make the crisis worse?

> Why are residuals important in negotiations between lessees and lessors?

> You are developing next year’s financial plan for Ajax Inc., a medium sized manufacturing company that’s currently operating at 80% of factory’s capacity. The firm is launching a sales promotion that’s expected to generate a sudden 20% increase in reven

> Just what is placed on the balance sheet in a financing lease?

> Define the idea of capital structure and capital components. Why is capital structure important to the cost of capital concept? In many capital structure discussions, preferred stock is lumped in with either debt or common equity. With respect to the cos

> Is the CAPM a true and accurate representation of the securities world?

> The CAPM purports to explain how management decisions about risk can influence the well-being of stockholders. Describe in words the mechanism through which this works.

> Explain the concepts of sovereign debt and a sovereign debt crisis. Why is such a crisis different for a Eurozone country than for a country with a unique currency.

> How is risk aversion reflected in the SML?

> How does the SML determine the price of a security?

> Describe the SML in words. What is it saying about how investors form required rates of return? Thoroughly evaluate the implications of the SML's message.

> Why is it appropriate to define the WACC as the highest step on the MCC under the IOS? Is anything lost by using this definition?

> After the break in the MCC caused by using up retained earnings, the schedule can be expected to remain flat indefinitely. Is this statement right or wrong? If wrong, explain what can be expected to happen to the MCC and why.

> Compare the cost of capital concept with the idea of the required return on a stock investment made by an individual. Relate both ideas to the risk of the investment. How would a very risky investment/ project be handled in the capital budgeting/cost o

> What is it about the cash flows associated with business projects that makes the NPV profile slope downward to the right? Would the NPV profile of any randomly selected set of positive and negative flows necessarily slope one way or the other? Why?

> Think about the cash flows associated with putting $100,000 in the bank for five years, assuming you draw out the interest each year and then close the account. Now think about a set of hypothetical cash flows associated with putting the same money in a

> Suppose the present value of cash ins and outs is very close to balance for a project to build a new $50M factory, so that the NPV is +$25,000. The same company is thinking about buying a new trailer truck for $150,000. The NPV of projected cash flows

> Projects A and B have approximately the same NPV. Their initial outlays are similar in size. Project A has early positive cash flows, and little or nothing is expected to come in later on. Project B has much larger positive cash flows than A, but they

> China refuses to allow its currency, the yuan, to float on international currency exchanges. Why is that a problem for the United States?

> Rationalize the appropriateness of using the cost of capital to analyze normally risky projects and higher rates for those with more risk.

> Give a verbal definition of risk that's consistent with the way we use the word in everyday life. Discuss the weaknesses of that definition for financial theory.

> One of the problems of using simulation to incorporate risk into capital budgeting is related to the idea that the probability distributions of successive cash flows usually are not independent. If the first period's cash flow is at the high end of its

> A random variable is defined as the outcome of one or more chance processes. Imagine that you're forecasting the cash flows associated with a new business venture. List some of the things that come together to produce cash flows in future periods. Descri

> Under what conditions will the IRR and NPV methods give conflicting results for mutually exclusive decisions? Will they ever give conflicting results for stand-alone decisions? Why?

> The following set of cash flows changes sign twice and has two IRR solutions. Identify the sign changes. Demonstrate mathematically that 25% and 400% are both solutions to the IRR equation. On the basis of this example, why would you expect multiple s

> In 1983 the Bell Telephone System, which operated as AT&T, was broken up resulting in the creation of seven regional telephone companies. AT&T stockholders received shares of the new companies and the continuing AT&T, which handled long distance service

> Explain the rationale behind the NPV method in your own words. Why is a higher NPV conceptually better than a lower one?

> Define and discuss (words only, no equations) the concepts of expected return and required return.

> Compare and contrast the nature of cash flows stemming from an investment in stock with those coming from bonds.

> Broadly define and describe globalization and its implications.

> The typical cash flow pattern for business projects involves cash outflows first, then inflows. However, it's possible to imagine a project in which the pattern is reversed. For example, we might receive inflows now in return for guarantying to make pa

> Define mutual exclusivity and describe ways in which projects can be mutually exclusive.

> Analyze the shape of the probability distribution for a high-risk stock versus that of a low risk stock. (Hint: Think in terms of where the area under the curve lies.)

> In everyday language, risk means the probability of something bad happening. Risk in finance, however, is defined as the variance of the probability distribution of returns. a. Why do these definitions seem contradictory? b. Reconcile the two ideas.

> Why does it make sense to think of the return on a stock investment as a random variable? Does it make sense to think of the return on a bond investment that way? How about an investment in a savings account?

> The following definition applies to both investing and gambling: Putting money at risk in the hope of earning more money. In spite of this similarity, society has very different moral views of the two activities. a. Develop an argument reconciling the d

> Define risk aversion in words without reference to probability distributions. If people are risk averse, why are lotteries so popular? Why are trips to Las Vegas popular? (Hint: Think in terms of the size of the amount risked and entertainment value.)

> Describe the goal of a portfolio owner in terms of risk and return. How does he or she evaluate the risk characteristics of stocks being considered for addition to the portfolio?

> Define and discuss the idea of separating risk into two parts. Describe each part carefully.

> A British importer has to pay for American goods, but the exchange rate is temporarily very unfavorable from the British perspective. Describe the Eurodollar market and tell how it might help the importer.

> Describe the ways in which international business has changed over the last 60 years. Include the concepts of an MNC and the different types of foreign investment.

> Who published "Introduction to Human Services: Policy and Practice, An (8th Edition) by Mandell and Schram?  

> 4. What does the communication strategy "tap into residual social skills" mean? Residual means skills that have not diminished like getting dressed and reading a newspaper Many people still know how to be a mannerly host or make small talk for a short

> Locate the centroid of the plane area shown. PROBLEM 5.8 Locate the centroid of the plane area shown. r= 38 in. 16 in. 20 in. ForcesCe Centers of Ga Problem 5.7 Locate the centroid of the plane area shown. 20 in. r= 15 in. 30 in. 30 in.

> 1. Report the Error Degrees of Freedom for this example: Assume you have 150 observations: You create a model with 2 numerical explanatory variables both with a linear relationship to the response and 1 categorical explanatory variable. The categorical v

> When we conduct a linear regression analysis, what types of response and explanatory variables do we have? Quantitative response variable and qualitative explanatory variable Quantitative response variable and quantitative explanatory variable Qualitativ

> 3 examples of: one explanatory variable and one response variable that are both quantitative, that also can measure at least 4 levels of the explanatory variable

> In multiple linear regression, which of the following statements is true regarding what should be done first? Check the correlation between explanatory variables. If two explanatory variables are highly correlated, transform one of them. Check the correl

> In regression, we call Y the response or dependent variable, which is modeled in terms of one or more "independent" variables. The independent variables are further classified as explanatory/causal variables or as predictor variables. Discuss and elabora

> Define response and explanatory variable. Give an illustrative example.

> Which of the following statements is always true? O a-13 P(E;) <1 Ob. P(A) = 1 - P(A) %3D Od. EP21

> Let A and B be any two events. Which of the following statements is always true? a. ANB= ¢ o bA) = A C.ANO = A d.ANB = AUB

> Which of the following statements is always true? a.-1 S P(E¡) SI b. P(A) + P(B) = 1 C. P(A) = 1 - P(A©) d. P21

> I am in the process of developing a new scale. I have asked a sample of N=25 SMEs to provide insight into my items. Specifically, I have asked SMEs to rate whether each item is essential for assessing the construct by using a 3-point scale (0=not essenti

> Assume that the helium porosity of coal samples taken from any particular seam is normally distributed. a. Compute a 95% confidence interval for the true average porosity of certain scam if the average porosity for 20 specimens from the seam was 4.85 and

> Give examples of one response and 2 explanatory variables.

> Assume that the helium porosity (in percentage) of coal samples taken from any particular seam is normally distributed with true standard deviation 0.80. b. Compute a 98% CI for true average porosity of another seam based on 12 specimens with a sample a

> Assume that the helium porosity (in percentage) of coal samples taken from any particular seam is normally distributed with true standard deviation σ = 0.78. A sample of 13 specimens from the seam produces average porosity 4.4. What is the minimum sample

> Assume that the helium porosity (in percentage) of coal samples taken from any particular seam is normally distributed with true standard deviation .75. Compute a 95% confidence interval for the true average porosity of a certain seam if the average poro

> Assume that the helium porosity (in percentage) of coal samples taken from any particular seam is normally distributed with true standard deviation 0.80. a. Compute a 95% CI for the true average porosity of a certain seam if the average porosity for 21

> Assume that the helium porosity (in percentage) of coal samples taken from any particular seam is normally distributed with true standard deviation 0.80. (c) How large a sample size is necessary if the width of the 95% interval is to be 0.57 (Round y

> Assume that the helium porosity (in percentage) of coal samples taken from any particular seam is normally distributed with true standard deviation 0.75. a. Compute a 95% CI for the true average porosity of a certain seam if the average porosity for

> In the next series of questions, you will use the formula to calculate the work done by various forces on an object that moves 160 meters to the right. W = F.3 = F 5 cos 0 the t ses of qstens you wi ne the lomda W- -Pc Constants Leaming Goat to calc

> Vasudevan Inc. recently reported operating income of $5.35 million, depreciation of $1.20 million, and had a tax rate of 40%. The firm's expenditures on fixed assets and net operating working capital totaled $0.6 million. How much was its free cash flow,

> In a certain population, 20% of the people have been to Disney World. If you take a random sample of 40 people from this population, a. what is the expected number of people who have been to Disney World? b. what would be the standard deviation of the

> Locate the centroid of the plane area shown. Problem 01 (10 points) 6 in. Locate the centroid of the plane area shown. 3 in. 4 in. Problem 02 (10 points) in. Locate the centroid of the plane area shown. 5 in. El in. 2 in. in.

> For an experiment comparing two methods for teaching social skill training to children, the independent variable is ______ and the dependent variable is ______ . a. teaching method, the autistic children b. the autistic children, the social skills that

> Explain the role of technology in deepening alienation in the capitalist mode of production for Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.

> Social skill training is the best form of behavioral therapy that assist in comprehending an environment in getting the needed response for adaptable stability. People suffering from major depressive disorder can benefit a lot from social skills training

> How adding self-awareness, self-esteem, and boundaries to the social-skills training would be taught to individuals with ASD? What are the benefits in including these skills to the social-skills training?

> What are social skills?

> A common characteristic of ADHD is specific difficulties with mathematical concepts. the tendency to ignore social rules. delays in cognitive skill development paired with high social competence. delays in social competence paired with advanced cognitive

> Why do you think that Marx and Engels have been influential? Do you think that this influence has been for good or for ill? Do Marx and Engels see capitalism as a permanent system? How do they think that capitalism will change over time? Has their analys

> Why are social skills so important for students in educational settings and why are social skills even more important for students with disabilities?

> What are some of the challenges social work students have with social work practice skills in the field and what do students less challenging with social work skills?

> According to the article, which teenager will experience more distress when pressured by friends to engage in risky behavior? According to the article, which teenager will experience more distress when pressured by friends to engage in risky behavior?

> Social problem-solving skills are. a. social skills needed to solve cognitive tasks. b. cognitive skills required when children solve problems jointly with parents or peers. c. skills needed to solve social dilemmas. d. skills that exploit the social con

> Match the terms with the letters below. mass or specialized media available to anyone who chooses to subscribe or tune in standards as varying or flexible in their application to specific occasions or situations websites on the intranet that are dorman

> According to Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, capitalism would lead to conflict between these two groups: a. The people living in industrialized nations and the people in non-industrialized societies. b. Farmers and urban workers who earn a wage. c. The

> In which ways have Marx and Engels expressed antagonism and rejection toward the bourgeoisie and capitalism?

> In which ways have Marx and Engels expressed admiration for the bourgeoisie and capitalism?

> Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, 1. What does Marx and Engels mean by alienation? 2. What do they mean by "externalization of labor"? 3. How did the division and inequality of classes come to be, according to them?

> In which ways have Marx and Engels expressed admiration for the bourgeoisie and capitalism? In which ways have Marx and Engels expressed antagonism and rejection toward the bourgeoisie and capitalism? In which ways are Marx and Engels ideas relevant for

> A student is interested in studying social skills among college students. His professor asked, "How will you measure social skills?" The student replies, "with the number of friends each participant has at the university." This instance of specifying how

> Emotional intelligence is demonstrated through 1. Social awareness, social skills and self-profiles 2. Selfish attitude, self-management, and social skills 3. Networking, social skills, and self-profiles 4. Self-awareness, self-management and social

> Suppose a spring with spring constant 3 N/m is horizontal and has one end attached to a wall and the other end attached to a mass. You want to use the spring to weigh items. You put the spring into motion and find the frequency to be 0.5 Hz (cycles per s

> Suppose a spring with spring constant 9 N/m is horizontal and has one end attached to a wall and the other end attached to a mass. You want to use the spring to weigh items. You put the spring into motion and find the frequency to be 1.4 Hz (cycles per s

> Suppose you have a spring with a spring constant of 75.0 N/m, and you attach a 0.65 kg mass to it. A. How far does the spring stretch to its new equilibrium position? B. How fast is the mass traveling when it reaches the new equilibrium position?