Question: Distinguish between absolute and relative change.

> What are the lowest and highest possible pulse rates that could be included in the frequency table?

> List the cumulative frequencies that correspond to the given frequencies.

> List the relative frequencies that correspond to the given frequencies.

> How many females are represented in the frequency table? How many categories are in the frequency table?

> I saw two frequency tables of airline passenger weights, one using bins that spanned 10-pound ranges (e.g., 101 to 110 pounds) and the second with bins that spanned 20-pound ranges (e.g., 101 to 120 pounds). The first table had twice as many categories a

> A market researcher surveys 50 randomly selected drivers from each state and obtains the amount that they paid for a gallon of gas at their most recent purchase.

> A poll conducted two months before a presidential election predicted that the Republican candidate would win with 55% of the vote; the survey had a margin of error of 3 percentage points. The Republican candidate lost the election.

> The third category in my frequency table has a cumulative frequency of 150.

> The third category in my frequency table has a relative frequency of 25%.

> I made a frequency table with two columns, one labeled State and one labeled State capital.

> What is the purpose of binning? Give an example for which binning is useful.

> If the CPI increases, must wages also increase? Explain.

> In making price comparisons, why is it important to adjust prices for the effects of inflation? Briefly describe how we use the CPI to adjust prices.

> What is the Consumer Price Index (CPI)? How is it supposed to be related to inflation?

> What is an index number? Briefly describe how index numbers are calculated and what they mean.

> If a house is valued at $835,000 in Dallas, find the price of a comparable house in Denver.

> If a house is valued at $835,000 in Denver, find the price of a comparable house in Dallas.

> Because the batteries used in heart pacemakers are so critically important, you want to determine the average (mean) length of time that such batteries last before failure.

> If a house is valued at $375,000 in San Francisco, find the price of a comparable house in Las Vegas.

> If a house is valued at $375,000 in Las Vegas, find the price of a comparable house in San Francisco.

> If a house is valued at $650,000 in Boston, find the price of a comparable house in Phoenix.

> If a house is valued at $400,000 in Denver, find the price of a comparable house in Miami.

> If a house is valued at $940,000 in Los Angeles, find the price of a comparable house in Chicago.

> If a house is valued at $940,000 in Chicago, find the price of a comparable house in Los Angeles.

> Using the CPI values from the above table and Table 2.2, determine what the subway fare should have cost in 1990 if it cost $2.75 in 2015 and prices had risen with the CPI. What does this tell you about how actual subway fares changed compared to the CPI

> Using the CPI values from the above table and Table 2.2, determine what the subway fare should have cost in 2006 if it cost $2.50 in 2013 and prices had risen with the CPI. What does this tell you about how actual subway fares changed compared to the CPI

> Using the CPI values from the above table and Table 2.2, determine what a slice of pizza should have cost in 2014 if it cost $1.35 in 1995 and prices had risen with the CPI. What does this tell you about how actual pizza prices changed compared to the CP

> Using the CPI values from the above table and Table 2.2, determine what a slice of pizza should have cost in 2010 if it cost $1.00 in 1986 and prices had risen with the CPI. What does this tell you about how actual pizza prices changed compared to the CP

> Recognizing that overloading commercial aircraft would lead to unsafe flights, you want to determine the average (mean) weight of airline passengers.

> If you spent $3.19 for a pound of coffee in 2006, what would the price have been in 2012?

> If you spent $5.62 for a pound of coffee in 2012, what would the price have been in 2007?

> If you spent $2.90 for a pound of coffee in 2005, what would the price have been in 2015?

> If you spent $4.75 for a pound of coffee in 2015, what would the price have been in 2010?

> In 2005, the average price of electricity was 10.0 cents per kWh (kilowatt-hour), and in 2015, the average price was 13.8 cents per kWh. Compare the increase in the price of electricity to the increase in price corresponding to the CPI.

> In 1980, the average price of a gallon of gas was $1.22, and in 2015 the average price was $2.52. Compare the increase in the price of a gallon of gasoline to the increase in price corresponding to the CPI.

> The average annual cost (tuition, fees, and room and board) at four-year public universities rose from $2550 in 1980 to $19,548 in 2015. Compare the increase in the cost of college to the increase in cost corresponding to the CPI.

> The average annual cost (tuition, fees, and room and board) at four-year private colleges rose from $5600 in 1980 to $43,921 in 2015. Compare the increase in the cost of college to the increase in cost corresponding to the CPI.

> If you spent $14,222 for goods, services, and housing in 1985, what would the same purchases have cost in 2010?

> If you spent $23,875 for goods, services, and housing in 2014, what would the same purchases have cost in 1980?

> FICO (Fair Isaac Corporation) scores are routinely used to rate the quality of consumer credit. You want to determine the average (mean) FICO score of all adults in the United States.

> If you spent $12,250 for goods, services, and housing in 2000, what would the same purchases have cost in 2015?

> If you spent $12,250 for goods, services, and housing in 2015, what would the same purchases have cost in 2000?

> Adjusted for inflation, today’s price of $100 for that item is lower than the 1980 price of $50.

> My salary has remained the same for the past 10³years, but my standard of living has fallen.

> The CPI doubled from 1983 to 2006, so the price of gasoline also doubled over that time period.

> I’ve concluded that the CPI for 2016 is obsolete because it uses the prices of goods, services, and housing costs from 1982 to 1984 as its reference value.

> Explain the difference between the terms percent (%) and percentage points. Give an example of how they can differ for the same situation.

> Explain the difference between the key words of and more than when dealing with percentages. How are their meanings related?

> Distinguish between absolute and relative difference. Give an example that illustrates how we calculate a relative difference.

> You want to determine the percentage of drivers who text while they are driving.

> In a Gallup poll of 1236 adult respondents, 5% said that bad luck follows breaking a mirror. That percentage has a margin of error of 1.2 percentage points. Why is it misleading to state that the percentage is 5% with a margin of error of 1.2%?

> A recent Super Bowl football game had a “77 share,” meaning that among the television sets in use at the time of the game, 77% were tuned to the game. a. If the percentage of 77% is in error by up to 4 percentage points, what are the possible values of t

> Based on current data, 99.3% of newborns survive the first five years of their lives, and 72.6% of people who reach age 80 years survive the next five years of their lives.

> The five-year survival rate for Caucasians for all forms of cancer increased from 39% in the 1960s to 61% now.

> The percentage of the world’s population living in developed countries decreased from 27.1% in 1970 to 16.4% now.

> In a test comparing vinyl and latex laboratory gloves, it was found that 63% of the vinyl gloves leaked (allowing viruses to pass through), but only 7% of the latex gloves leaked.

> A Pew Research Center survey of 3002 adults showed that the percentage who listen to National Public Radio is probably between 14% and 18% How should a newspaper report the margin of error? Explain.

> A Gallup poll of 1012 American adults showed that 89% of Americans say that human cloning should not be allowed. The margin of error was 3 percentage points. Would it matter if a newspaper reported the margin of error as “3%”? Explain.

> The Vice President’s salary is currently 42% less than the President’s salary, so the Vice President’s salary is ____% of the President’s salary.

> If the population of Montana is 20% less than the population of New Hampshire, then Montana’s population is ____% of New Hampshire’s population.

> A Harris Interactive survey of 514 human resources professionals showed that 46% of them say that piercings or tattoos are big grooming red flags. The margin of error for the survey was 4 percentage points.

> If the area of Norway is 24% more than the area of Colorado, then Norway’s area is ____ % of Colorado’s area.

> If a typical adult male is 8% taller than a typical adult female, then the typical adult male’s height is ____% of the typical adult female’s height.

> In a KRC Research poll of 1002 subjects, 53% said that they felt vulnerable to identity theft.

> In a Taylor Nelson Sofres Research survey of 703 workers, 61% of them said that they got their jobs through networking.

> In an Accountemps survey of 150 executives, 47% said that the most common job interview mistake is to have little or no knowledge of the company at which the interview is held.

> In a Harris poll of 514 human resource professionals, 46% said that body piercings and tattoos were big grooming red flags.

> Last year, France had 82 million international tourists. The United States had 63 million international tourists.

> Chicago’s O’Hare Airport handled 67 million passengers last year. The busiest airport in the world, Atlanta’s Hartsfield Airport, handled 95 million passengers last year.

> Last month, 34,781 Toyota Camry cars were sold, and there were 10,096 Ford Mustangs sold.

> The daily circulation of the Wall Street Journal is currently 2.38 million (the largest in the country). The daily circulation of the New York Times is currently 1.87 million (the second largest in the country).

> In a Gallup poll of 557 randomly selected adults, 51% said that they were underpaid. The margin of error is 4 percentage points.

> There were 1,038,280 bankruptcy cases filed last year, and in the year 2000 there were 1,276,900 bankruptcy cases filed.

> The U.S. population is now 323,447,281, and in 2000 it was 282,171,957.

> There are now 256 million registered passenger cars, and in 1990 there were 193 million.

> The number of daily newspapers in the United States is now 1486, and it was 2226 in 1990.

> A New York Times editorial criticized a chart caption that described a dental rinse as one that “reduces plaque on teeth by over 300%.” If the dental rinse removes all of the plaque, what percentage is removed? Is it possible to reduce plaque by over 300

> Media commonly report survey results giving the sample size and some percentage, but technology typically requires the actual number of particular responses instead of the percentage. In a Harris survey of 514 human resource professionals, 90% said that

> A study was conducted to determine whether flipping a penny or spinning a penny has an effect on the proportion of heads. Among 49,437 trials, 29,015 involved flipping pennies, and 14,709 of those pennies turned up heads. The other 20,422 trials involved

> A study was conducted of pleas made by 1348 criminals. Among those criminals, 956 pleaded guilty and 392 of them were sentenced to prison. Among 72 other criminals who pleaded not guilty, 58 were sent to prison (based on data from “Does It Pay to Plead G

> Express the following numbers in the three forms of fraction, decimal, and percentage. a. 275% b. 3.75 c. -0.45 d. 90%

> Express each of the following numbers in the three forms of fraction, decimal, and percentage. a. 3/5 b. 0.8 c. 150% d. -25%

> A study of 3005 adults aged 57 to 85 showed that 82% of them use at least one prescription drug. The margin of error is 2 percentage points (based on data from “Use of Prescription and Over-the-Counter Medications and Dietary Supplements Among Older Adul

> Announcement in a large department store: “Attention shoppers. Everything in the store is now reduced by 10%, but in one hour all prices will be increased by 10%.” The prices will therefore revert to the original amounts.

> My bank raised its interest rate on savings accounts from 1% to 1.5%, which was a 50% increase.

> A dealer has a new Corvette with a sticker price of $60,000. Because the demand is high and the supply is low, the dealer announces that the actual cost will be 10% more than the sticker price, so the actual cost becomes $66,000.

> The price of a gallon of gas tripled, so it increased by 300%.

> Why can it be misleading to give measurements with more precision than is justified by the measurement process?

> Distinguish between accuracy and precision. Give an example of a measurement that is precise but inaccurate and another example of a measurement that is accurate but imprecise.

> Distinguish between the absolute error and the relative error in a measurement. Give an example in which the absolute error is large but the relative error is small and another example in which the absolute error is small but the relative error is large.

> Distinguish between random errors and systematic errors. How can we minimize the effects of random errors? How can we account for the effect of a³systematic error?

> If a killer whale weighing 4000 kg swallows a fish that weighs 2 kg, the whale will weigh 4002 kg.

> Eight years ago, we learned that the age of the earth is 4.543 billion years, so the age of the earth is now 4,543,000,008 years.

> In a USA Today survey, 21% of 144 respondents said that they aspired to have their boss’s job. The margin of error is 7 percentage points.

> The United Nations reported that the global illegal drug trade has a value of $321.6 billion.

> The St. Louis Gateway Arch is 630.2377599694 feet tall.

> The Burj Khalifa in Dubai is 2717 feet tall, making it the world’s tallest building.

> Last year, the population of China was 1,393,783,836.

> Over one full year, there were 33,804 deaths in the United States due to motor vehicle crashes.

> The population of the United States in 1860 was 31,443,321.