(EDCL Education category of head of household: 1 = No high school diploma, 2 = High school diploma, 3 = Some college, 4 = College degree) with respect to several demographic and financial variables. For each variable, test to determine whether there are differences between the levels of education. Household has debt (HDEBT: Household has any debt: 0 = No, 1 = Yes).
> Consider a multinomial experiment involving n = 300 trials and k = 5 cells. The observed frequencies resulting from the experiment are shown in the accompanying table, and the null hypothesis to be tested is as follows: H0: p1 = .1, p2 = .2, p3 = .3, p4
> As a general rule more education leads to more professional and financial success. Test to determine whether heads of households with a high school diploma (EDCL: 1 = no high school diploma, 2 = high school diploma) have more household assets than those
> If people who work for someone else have more assets and greater net worth than self-employed people (OCCAT1: 1 = someone else, 2 = self-employed/partnership) we would expect them to have larger unrealized capital gains (KGTOTAL). Conduct a test to deter
> Is there sufficient evidence to infer that self-employed heads of households (OCCAT1: 1 = someone else, 2 = self-employed/partnership) have less net worth than heads of household who work for someone else (NETWORTH)?
> Are married heads of households (MARRIED: 1 =married or living with partner, 2 = not married or living with partner) less likely to have declared bankruptcy in the last five years? Conduct a test to answer the question (BNKRUPLAST5: 1 = Yes).
> Is there enough evidence to infer that married heads of households (MARRIED: 1 =married or living with partner, 2 = not married or living with partner) are more likely to be self-employed (OCCAT1: 2 = Self-employed/ partnership)?
> A Gallup survey asked a random sample of federal government and private sector workers to judge their well-being. The responses are 1 = thriving, 2 = struggling, 3 = suffering. Is there enough evidence to conclude that government and private sector worke
> The results of a multinomial experiment with k = 5 were recorded. Each outcome is identified by the numbers 1 to 5. Test to determine whether there is enough evidence to infer that the proportions of outcomes differ.
> With marriage comes financial responsibilities. If so, we would expect married heads of households (MARRIED: 1 = married or living with partner, 2 = not married or living with partner) to be less likely to be unemployed (LF: 0 = Not working). Is there su
> Are married heads of households (MARRIED: 1 =married or living with partner, 2 = not married or living with partner) more likely to have a college degree (EDCL: 4 = College degree)? Conduct a test to answer the question.
> What conclusions can you draw from the results of the four previous exercises?
> Is there enough statistical evidence to infer that male heads of households (HHSEX: 1 = male, 2 = female) are more likely to be married (or living with partner) than female heads of households (MARRIED: 1 = Married or living with partner)?
> Is there sufficient evidence to conclude that male heads of households (HHSEX: 1 = male, 2 = female) are more likely to own the home they live in (HOUSECL: 1 = Owns)?
> If male heads of households (HHSEX: 1 = male, 2 = female) are more likely to have a college degree does it follow that they have a higher employment rate (LF: 1 = Working in some way)? Conduct a test to answer the question.
> Many studies show that women are more likely to have a college degree than men. However, does this apply to female and male heads (HHSEX: 1 = male, 2 = female) of households? Is there enough evidence to conclude that male heads of households are more lik
> Refer to Exercise 13.123. Do the data allow us to conclude that there is more variation in total capital gains (KGTOTAL) for self-employed individuals than for employees? Data from Exercise 13.123: The financial rewards for self-employment can be consid
> Refer to Exercise 13.123. Is there more variation in the amount of debt of the self-employed than for employees (DEBT)? Data from Exercise 13.123: The financial rewards for self-employment can be considerable. The downside may be that one works long hou
> Refer to Exercise 13.123. Is there enough evidence to conclude that the variation in net worth is greater for the self-employed than for employees (NETWORTH)? Data from Exercise 13.123: The financial rewards for selfemployment can be considerable. The d
> In 2013, the Supreme Court of the United States ruled on a California law that banned same-sex marriage. An important element of that decision was public opinion. In March, Public Policy Polling conducted a survey of Florida voters and asked each to iden
> The financial rewards for selfemployment can be considerable. The downside may be that one works long hours accruing debts with little or no financial return. As a result we theorize that the variance in compensation will be greater for the self-employed
> Capital gains can be produced in a number of ways. Most homeowners have unrealized capital gains on the homes. Estimate with 95% confidence the mean amount of all capital gains except the home (KGHOUSE = unrealized capital gains on the primary residence;
> In terms of income, do heads of middle class households consider this to be a worse year than normal? Conduct a test to answer the question (INCOME = household; NORMINC = household normal income).
> Refer to Exercise 14.52. Apply Tukey’s method to determine whether there is enough statistical evidence to infer that each pair of means differ. Data from Exercise 14.52: Is there enough evidence to conclude that there are differences in total annual am
> Refer to Exercise 14.51. Use Tukey’s multiple comparison method to determine which pairs of means differ. Data from Exercise 14.51: Do households headed by a more educated person spend their food dollars differently from households headed by less-educat
> Is there enough evidence to infer that heads of households who finish high school (EDCL: 1 = no high school diploma, 2 = high school diploma) have greater net worth than those who did not complete high school (NETWORTH)?
> In most countries including the United States, men have higher incomes than women. Does this hold when comparing middle class heads of households (HHSEX: 1 = male, 2 = female)? a. Is there sufficient evidence that male heads of households have higher inc
> Do college graduates have smaller unrealized capital gains (KGTOTAL) in their households than do households with only some college (EDCL: 3 = some college, 4 = college degree)? Conduct a test to answer the question.
> Estimate how much greater income (INCOME) is earned in households whose heads completed college (EDCL: 3 = some college, 4 = college degree) when compared to heads who only have some college.
> Estimate the difference in net worth (NETWORTH) between households whose heads have completed a college degree and heads with some college only (EDCL: 3 = some college, 4 = college degree)
> Refer to Exercise 15.48. The survey was performed in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. Is there enough evidence to infer that there are differences in adult cigarette smoking between the four Commonwealth countries? Data from Exerc
> Is there sufficient evidence to infer that there are differences in total unrealized capital gains (KGTOTAL) between heads of households who finished high school and those who did not (EDCL:1 = No high school diploma, 2 = High school diploma)?
> Estimate the difference in income between heads of households who did finish high school (EDCL: 1 = no high school diploma, 2 = high school diploma) and those who did not (INCOME).
> Incomes of people who work for themselves are likely more variable than people who work for someone else. That’s because incomes for someone who is self-employed range from $0 to virtually unlimited. a. Is there sufficient evidence that middle class head
> Estimate the difference in total household debt between self-employed (OCCAT1: 1 = someone else, 2 = self-employed/partnership) and heads of households who work for someone else (DEBT).
> Is there enough evidence to conclude that households whose heads have some college (EDCL: 3 = some college, 4 = college degree) have less debt (DEBT) than households whose heads completed a college degree?
> Do people who completed a college degree fare better financially than those who started college but never finished? One way to judge financial success is by measuring assets. Is there enough evidence to conclude that heads of households with college degr
> (HHSEX: 1 = Male, 2 = Female). For each variable, test to determine whether there is enough evidence to conclude that men and women differ. Household has at least one late payment in the previous year (LATE: 0 = No, 1 = Yes).
> (HHSEX: 1 = Male, 2 = Female). For each variable, test to determine whether there is enough evidence to conclude that men and women differ. Household has incurred debt (HDEBT: Household has any debt: 0 = No, 1 = Yes)
> (HHSEX: 1 = Male, 2 = Female). For each variable, test to determine whether there is enough evidence to conclude that men and women differ. Household has declared bankruptcy in the previous 5 years (BNKRUPTLAST5: 0 = No, 1 = Yes).
> (HHSEX: 1 = Male, 2 = Female). For each variable, test to determine whether there is enough evidence to conclude that men and women differ. Household has been turned down for credit in the previous 5 years (TURNDOWN: 0 = No, 1 = Yes).
> To measure the extent of cigarette smoking around the world, random samples of adults in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden were drawn. Each was asked whether he or she smoked (2 = Yes, 1 = No). Can we conclude that there are differences in smoking bet
> (HHSEX: 1 = Male, 2 = Female). For each variable, test to determine whether there is enough evidence to conclude that men and women differ. Household overall expenses over last 12 months (EXPENSHILO: 1 = Unusually high, 2 = Unusually low, 3 = Normal).
> (HHSEX: 1 = Male, 2 = Female). For each variable, test to determine whether there is enough evidence to conclude that men and women differ. Industry classification for head of household (INDCAT: 1 = Mining 1 construction 1 manufacturing, 2 = Transportati
> (HHSEX: 1 = Male, 2 = Female). For each variable, test to determine whether there is enough evidence to conclude that men and women differ. Education category of head of household EDCL: 1 = No high school diploma, 2 = High school diploma, 3 = Some colleg
> (RACE: 1 = White, non-Hispanic, 2 = Black/African American, 3 = Hispanic, 5 = Other). For each variable, test to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to conclude that differences exist between the four races. Household has at least one late pay
> (RACE: 1 = White, non-Hispanic, 2 = Black/African American, 3 = Hispanic, 5 = Other). For each variable, test to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to conclude that differences exist between the four races. Household has incurred debt (HDEBT:
> (RACE: 1 = White, non-Hispanic, 2 = Black/African American, 3 = Hispanic, 5 = Other). For each variable, test to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to conclude that differences exist between the four races. Household has declared bankruptcy i
> (RACE: 1 = White, non-Hispanic, 2 = Black/African American, 3 = Hispanic, 5 = Other). For each variable, test to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to conclude that differences exist between the four races. Household has been turned down for
> (RACE: 1 = White, non-Hispanic, 2 = Black/African American, 3 = Hispanic, 5 = Other). For each variable, test to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to conclude that differences exist between the four races. House ownership (HOUSECL: 1 = Owns,
> (EDCL Education category of head of household: 1 = No high school diploma, 2 = High school diploma, 3 = Some college, 4 = College degree) with respect to several demographic and financial variables. For each variable, test to determine whether there are
> A statistics practitioner took random samples from Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom, and classified each person as either obese (2) or not (1). Can we conclude from these data that there are differences in obesity rates between the
> (EDCL Education category of head of household: 1 = No high school diploma, 2 = High school diploma, 3 = Some college, 4 = College degree) with respect to several demographic and financial variables. For each variable, test to determine whether there are
> (EDCL Education category of head of household: 1 = No high school diploma, 2 = High school diploma, 3 = Some college, 4 = College degree) with respect to several demographic and financial variables. For each variable, test to determine whether there are
> Can we infer from the data that there are differences in the total unrealized capital gains (KGTOTAL) between the three industry classifications?
> Can we infer from the data that there are differences in the amount of debt (DEBT) between the three industry classifications?
> Can we infer from the data that there are differences in net worth (NETWORTH) between the heads of households whose jobs are in one of the three industry classifications?
> Are some industries better than others in terms of financial remuneration? Conduct a test to determine whether there are differences in income (INCOME) between the three categories of industry.
> Is there enough evidence to conclude that there are differences in total annual amount spent on food away from home between the four categories (FOODAWAY)?
> Do households headed by a more educated person spend their food dollars differently from households headed by less-educated people? Is there enough evidence to conclude that there are differences in the annual expenditures on food at home between the fou
> Is education a factor in the amount of debt carried by heads of households? Conduct a statistical test to determine whether the amount of debt (DEBT) differs between the four categories.
> Are more educated individuals likely to have more unrealized capital gains? Is there enough evidence to infer that there are differences in total unrealized capital gains (KGTOTAL)?
> Refer to Exercise 15.45. Random samples from Denmark, Ireland, the Netherlands, and Sweden were drawn. Is the sufficient evidence to infer that there are differences in household types between the four countries? Data from Exercise 15.45: Household type
> Does the education category affect the net worth of households? Is so, there should be differences in net worth between the four categories of education. Conduct a test to determine whether there are such differences (NETWORTH).
> How much evidence is there that more education leads to higher incomes and more financial success? Test to determine whether differences in income (INCOME) exist between the four education categories.
> Can we infer that the Survey of Consumer Finances in 2013 overrepresented at least one education category (EDCL)?
> Test to determine whether there is sufficient evidence that the Survey of Consumer Finances in 2013 overrepresented at least one race (RACE).
> Baseball fans who watch games on television can usually see something called the pitch tracker. It allows viewers to see whether the umpire made the correct call. According to rule 2.00 of the Major League Baseball rule book, a strike zone is defined as
> There are many other forms of electronic entertainment available. This may impact television. a. Is there sufficient evidence to conclude that the amount of time watching television (TVHOURS) differs between 2004 and 2014? b. Are the required conditions
> Are workers in 2014 working less than they did in 2004 (HRS1)? a. Test to determine whether there is enough evidence to answer the question affirmatively. b. Check the required conditions.
> Innovation may be the key to creating high-value jobs. And innovation depends on education. a. Is there sufficient evidence to infer that the United States in 2014 is more educated than it was in 2004? b. Are the required conditions satisfied?
> If the number of children per family is decreasing is it because families are postponing the start of a family? a. Conduct a test to determine if the age at which families have their first child has increased between 2004 and 2014 (AGEKDBRN). b. Check th
> Another way of measuring an aging society is to compute the number of children per family. a. Is there enough evidence to infer that the number of children per family has decreased in the decade 2004–2014 (CHILDS)? b. Are the required conditions satisfie
> Household types are categorized in the following way: 1. Married couple with children, 2. Married couple without children, 3. Single parent, 4. One person, 5. Other. Random samples of families in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom were dra
> Do you need more education (EDUC) to be self-employed (WRKSLF: 1 = Self-employed, 2 = Someone else)? a. Conduct a test to answer the question. b. Are the required conditions satisfied?
> One of the advantages of working for someone else is that the number of hours of work per week is limited as opposed to the number of hours for self-employed people. a. Is there sufficient evidence to infer that self- employed individuals (WRKSLF: 1 = Se
> Estimate with 95% confidence the difference in income (RINCOME) between 2014 and 2012.
> One measure of the health of the economy is the number of hours of work. Using this gauge can we conclude that the economy improved between 2010 and 2014? That is, can we conclude that Americans were working longer hours (HRS1) in 2014 than they did in 2
> Judging from rising enrollments there are more people attending colleges and universities. However, does this include students going on their masters and doctoral degrees? Is there enough statistical evidence to conclude that the percentage of American a
> The amount of money television networks charge the advertisers is very much dependent on how many people see the commercials. Thus, any decrease in viewers is a problem. Is there a downward trend in viewers? Were American adults watching less television
> The United States has one of the highest rates of post-secondary education. However, is the rate increasing? Can we infer from the data that the Americans were more educated (EDUC) in 2014 than they were in 2012?
> During difficult economic times governments stimulate the economy to reduce the unemployment rate. Governments do this by hiring more workers. Did this process take place between 2008 and 2014? Conduct a test to determine whether there is enough evidence
> In recent years, women have made up an increasing proportion of university students. a. Is there sufficient evidence to conclude that females and males (SEX: 1 = Male, 2 = Female) differ in their years of education (EDUC)? b. What are the required condit
> Does the Earth go around the Sun, or does the Sun go around the Earth (EARTHSUN: 1 = Earth around Sun, 2 = Sun around Earth)? Correct answer: Earth around Sun.
> Refer to Exercise 12.139. The engineering team took samples of bridges in 2004, 2006, 2008, and 2010 and recorded whether each bridge was structurally deficient, functionally obsolete, or structurally sound. These three categories were recorded as 1, 2,
> True or false, the center of the earth is very hot (HOTCORE: 1 = True, 2 = False)? Correct answer: True.
> A doctor tells a couple that there is one chance in four that their child will have an inherited disease. Does this mean that each of the couple’s children will have the same risk of suffering the illness (ODDS2: 1 = Yes, 2 = No)? Correct answer: Yes.
> A doctor tells a couple that there is one chance in four that their child will have an inherited disease. Does this mean that if the first child has the illness, the next three will not (ODDS1: 1 = Yes, 2 = No)? Correct answer: No.
> Are foreign-born people (BORN: 1 = In the United States, 2 = Elsewhere) more likely to work for themselves (WRKSLF: 1 = Work for themselves, 2 = Work for someone else) than Americans born in the United States? Conduct a test to answer the question.
> Is there enough statistical evidence to conclude that people born (BORN: 1 = In the United States, 2 = Elsewhere) in the United States are more likely to work for the government (WRKGVT: 1 = Government, 2 = Other) than people born outside the United Stat
> It is generally understood that working for the government means more job security than working for private enterprise. Are married people (MARITAL: 1 = Married, 5 = Never married) more likely to work for the government (WRKGOVT: 1 = Government) than do
> Can we infer from the data that married and never married people (MARITAL: 1 = Married, 5 = Never married) differ in their completion of a graduate degree (DEGREE: 4 = Graduate degree)?
> Half a century ago men were far more likely to be the breadwinner and women were far more likely to be homemakers. There are now many households where women are the breadwinners and many households where both work outside the home. Is there a difference
> Is there enough statistical evidence to conclude that married people (MARITAL: 1 = Married, 5 = Never married) are more likely to work for themselves (WRKSLF: 1 = Work for themselves, 2 = Work for someone else) than married people?
> Are married people more likely to be working full time (WRKSTAT: 1 = Full time,)? Conduct a test to determine whether there are differences between married and never married (MARITAL: 1 = Married, 5 = Never married) American adults.
> Every year, there are more than 300,000 robberies in the United States. A researcher took a random sample of robberies in 2000, 2005, and 2010, and recorded the weapon used (1 = Firearm, 2 = Knife or other cutting instrument, 3 = Other, 4 = No weapon). I
> In theory, Republicans are more supportive of free enterprise. Do the data allow us to infer that Republicans (PARTYID3 1 = Democrat, 3 = Republican) are more likely to work for themselves (WRKSLF: 1 = Work for themselves, 2 = Other) than Democrats?
> Is working full time and earning more money than part time workers the prime reason why some people are Republicans. This raises the question, Is there sufficient evidence to conclude that Republicans (PARTYID3: 1 = Democrat, 3 = Republican) are more lik
> Can we infer from the data that Democrats (PARTYID3: 1 = Democrat; 3 = Republican) are more likely to work for the government (WRKGOVT: 1 = Government, 2 = Private enterprise)?
> Is there a difference between men and women in their preference for working for some government agency? Conduct a test to determine whether there is enough evidence to infer that women (SEX: 1 = Male, 2 = Female) are more likely to work for the governmen
> Is there sufficient evidence to conclude that foreign-born people (BORN: 1 = In the United States, 2 = Elsewhere) are more likely to have a graduate degree (DEGREE: 4 = Graduate) than people born in the United States?
