Explain the accounting for funds received by an organization acting as an agent, a trustee, or an intermediary, rather than as a donor or done. What might be the reasoning for the differences?
> Arnold (A), Bower (B), and Chambers (C) are partners in a small manufacturing firm whose net assets are as follows: The partnership agreement calls for the allocation of profits and losses as follows: a. Salaries to A, B, and C of $30,000, $30,000, a
> Twelve years ago, Adams, Boyd, and Chambers formed a partnership manufacturing small circuit boards. Unfortunately, foreign competition, a softening economy, and management errors have led the partners to realize that the company’s busi
> Casper Enterprises is forecasting two significant transactions and is concerned that adverse price movements could negatively impact these transactions. In order to hedge against adverse movements, Casper has acquired two options as described below. The
> A condensed balance sheet for a partnership to be liquidated is as follows: The profit and loss percentages for Partners A, B, and C are 50%, 30%, and 20%, respectively. For each of the following independent scenarios, determine how much of the availab
> Meyers is considering investing in one of several existing partnerships and is attempting to consider the price to be paid for a partnership interest. In addition to investing cash, Meyers would be contributing a piece of land that has a fair market valu
> Petersen, one of your clients, has indicated that Jacobsen is interested in buying Petersen’s interest in the partnership. Relevant information: Petersen has asked you a number of questions regarding selling his interest in the partne
> Freeman has been a partner in a commercial construction company for over 25 years and has finally decided to dispose of their interest in the partnership. Of the other two partners, Thierfelder and Pape, only Pape has expressed an interest in acquiring F
> Your client has been asked to invest in a partnership which will develop a piece of real estate for commercial use. It is estimated that the development will occur over three years after which time the partnership will be liquidated. After reviewing sele
> Pearson and Murphy have partner capital balances, at book value, of $45,000 and $65,000 as of December 31. Pearson is allocated 60% of profits or losses, and Murphy is allocated the balance. The partners believe that tangible net assets have a market val
> Patton is considering joining Microtech Enterprises as a partner. The company provides data imaging for a variety of end users. Patton will have to contribute $100,000 of capital upon admission as a partner and will need to decide on a profit-sharing arr
> A client of yours is seeking your help in understanding a number of issues involving various aspects of a partnership. The business under consideration is a manufacturer of custom fabricated steel building components such as fire escapes, stairways and l
> Moore, Probst, and Tanski formed a partnership whose profit and loss agreement contained provisions summarized as follows: If the weighted-average capital is negative, interest at 10% will be charged against the partner’s profit alloc
> Banyan and Schultz operate a residential construction firm as a partnership and are considering admitting Witkowski as a partner. Witkowski has recently attended a seminar on the formation and management of partnerships and is proposing that the profit-s
> Several organizations are actively involved in international standard setting. 1. Discuss the relationship between the IASB and the International Accounting Standards Committee Foundation. 2. Discuss the position of the SEC with respect to convergence to
> Walker, Hayes, and Leaky began a small manufacturing company organized as a partnership. The partnership has operated for the past two years with reported annual net income averaging $220,000 and an allocation of such income as follows: 1. Salaries to Wa
> Three individuals are considering forming a partnership to operate a metal fabricating shop. It is anticipated that significant contributions of capital will be necessary during the first 18 months of operation and that operating losses will likely be in
> Johnson, Larson, and Kragen own an advertising agency that they operate as a partnership. The partnership agreement includes the following: a. Johnson receives a salary of $50,000. b. Larson receives a salary of $60,000. c. Kragen receives no salary but
> A client of yours is forming a partnership and has asked you to review a draft of the partnership agreement. In particular, the client is interested in your thoughts regarding the section dealing with the withdrawal of a partner. Your client also anticip
> A client of yours is considering investing in a partnership and has been analyzing the financial statements of the partnership. Their analysis has resulted in the following observations that that they are hoping you could address: 1. The balance sheet do
> Murphy Oils, Inc., began as a distributor of oils and lubricants to auto and truck repair centers. Since that time, the company has expanded to include jet engine repairs, the wholesale distribution of specialized tools for the automotive repair industry
> Baxter Corporation anticipated pretax values for the current year as follows: Continuing operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 60,000 Non ordinary items: Item A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
> Baxter Holdings reported pretax income from continuing operations of $800,000 in the first quarter of the current year. At that point, projected pretax income for the rest of the year was $1,000,000. At the end of that quarter, the company estimated an e
> The current-year 2015 statutory tax rate is 30%. For each of the following cases, determine the 2015 year-to-date (YTD) tax benefit traceable to the YTD operating loss. Case A Case B Case C Case D Current-Year 2015 YTD operating income (loss) ...
> Richardson Company reported pretax income from continuing operations in the first six months of the current year in the amount of $100,000. Projected pretax operating income for the balance of the year is $110,000. Estimates of annual income include inco
> Harmonization of accounting standards through a private standard-setting process will have both advantages and disadvantages to American investors and businesses. 1. Discuss the advantages of harmonization to American investors. 2. Discuss why difference
> The city of Lydell expended federal awards from the following programs during 2019. Program....................................................... Amount Expended 1. Lydell Community Block Grant. . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 800,000 2. Hazardous Waste
> Indicate into which fund a city would record each of the following transactions. (You need not make any entries.) a. Fixed assets are purchased with general fund cash. b. Long-term serial bonds are issued to finance the construction of a new art museum.
> Match the appropriate letter indicating the recording of the following transactions: 1. General obligation bonds were issued at par. 2. Approved purchase orders were issued for supplies. The purchases method for supplies is followed. 3. The above-mention
> Identify the letter that best describes the accounting and reporting by the following funds and account groups: 1. Enterprise fund fixed assets. 2. Capital projects fund. 3. General fixed assets. 4. Infrastructure fixed assets. 5. Enterprise fund cash. 6
> Which fund or account group should be used to record the following? 1. A primary government’s general fund equity interest in a joint venture. 2. Fixed assets of a governmental unit, other than those accounted for in a proprietary fund. 3. A governmental
> Mack County has acquired equipment through a non cancelable lease-purchase agreement dated December 31, 2017. This agreement requires no down payment and the following minimum lease payments: Required 1. What account should be debited for $120,000 in t
> During 2019, Kansas City issued bonds for financing the construction of a civic center and bonds for financing improvements in the environmental controls for its water and sewer enterprise. The latter bonds require a sinking fund for their retirement. It
> Rose City formally integrates budgetary accounts into its general fund. During the year ended December 31, 2019, Rose received a state grant to buy a bus and an additional grant for bus operation in 2019. In 2019, only 90% of the capital grant was used f
> Granger Supply, Inc., has two main areas of inventory, industrial supplies and industrial cleaning equipment. The FIFO inventory method is used for industrial supplies, and the LIFO method is used for the cleaning equipment. Prior to considering special
> Explain what purpose the statement of realization and liquidation serves.
> Explain how the claims of fully secured and partially secured creditors affect the dividend that may be received by unsecured creditors.
> Distinguish between a corporate reorganization and a liquidation as provided for under bankruptcy law.
> If a debt is restructured through a modification of terms, explain how the gain on restructuring is determined when the restructuring is not under bankruptcy law versus one that is.
> Explain why it is important to separately account for the principal and income of an estate and what happens if such assets are not adequate to satisfy demonstrative or general legacies.
> Explain the concepts of the marital deduction and the portability of the unified credit as it relates to estate taxes applicable to a married couple.
> Estate planning is becoming more important to many individuals. Identify several goals of estate planning.
> What is the special concern over accounting for medical malpractice claims? How does accounting for such claims compare to accounting for contingencies in a for profit business environment?
> Explain a hospital’s rigid adherence to gross revenue determination.
> Explain how restricted gifts and grants are accounted for by public colleges and universities. Compare this with the accounting for restricted gifts and grants by private colleges and universities.
> Waypine Enterprises reported a pretax operating loss of $84,000 in 2014, its first year of operations, and recognized a tax benefit of $6,000, based on the assumption that $40,000 of the loss could be offset against future pretax income. Management antic
> Explain the accounting for contributions (of cash, pledges, or investments that may be converted into cash) for a private university. How does this accounting for contributions differ from that of a public university?
> What measurement focuses (identifying which resources are being measured) and bases of accounting (identifying when the effects of transactions or events should be recognized) are used by public and not-for-profit colleges and universities? How might the
> (Appendix) Why would a VHWO wish to present its financial information on a fund basis rather than simply on an organization-wide basis? What benefits are there in fund-basis reporting?
> A voluntary health and welfare organization is required to present an additional financial statement that is not required of other private not-for-profit entities. Why is this an important statement?
> Differentiate between public support and revenues as sources of assets for private not-for-profit organizations. What benefit is there in accounting for these differently?
> The FASB requires for-profit entities to classify their investments as trading, available-for-sale, or held-to-maturity. However, it does not require not-for-profit entities to do the same. What might be the reasoning for this difference in requirements?
> How is it helpful for a private not-for-profit organization to account for current funds as restricted or unrestricted?
> How are inter fund transactions reported?
> What benefits are derived from including the management’s discussion and analysis in state and local governmental financial reports? What information is required to be included in the MD&A?
> The chief operating decision maker of a publicly traded company has defined segments around four product/service groups. Various revenues, profits or losses, and assets associated with the segments are as follows: Determine which segments are conside
> What are major funds? Describe major fund reporting.
> Describe the purpose of each of the financial statements required under GASB Statement No. 34.
> Compare the basis of accounting that is used to report governmental activities versus business-type activities.
> Describe two major types of inter fund transfers. Under what circumstances is each used?
> When a debt service fund receives resources, it might credit Revenues or Other Financing Sources. Under what circumstances would each of these credits be used?
> If a capital projects fund has authority to continue operations over several fiscal periods, why is it desirable to close its records at the end of each period?
> Describe the difference between accounting for governmental funds and proprietary funds.
> Why are fixed assets, acquired with proceeds from general obligation bond issues, not permanently accounted for in a capital projects fund?
> (Appendix) What is the source of the 13 basic governmental accounting principles, and what benefit is there to studying these principles?
> Why do some transactions require an entry in a fund and another in an account group? What impact would there be if a journal entry were made only in the fund or only in the account group?
> A colleague of yours has been reviewing the second-quarter income statements for a number of companies and is questioning a number of the expense items included in the statements. For each of the following independent questions, provide a written respons
> How does the use of an encumbrance system aid in accounting for governmental entities?
> What advantage is gained by categorizing fund balances first into non spendable and then allocating the remaining fund balance into restricted, committed, assigned, and unassigned?
> Why are budgets crucial in accounting for governmental entities? If appropriations were not included in fund accounting, what impact would this exclusion have on the financial statements?
> Name three advantages gained by government reporting through the use of the three different fund types and the account groups. Explain why this method of reporting is advantageous.
> GASB Statement No. 34 requires reporting using both the financial resources measurement focus and the economic resources measurement focus. How do these two focuses differ, and what impact do they have on the presentation of financial information? Why wo
> In the liquidation of a partnership, why might a partner be concerned that a fellow partner has a deficit net capital balance, and how might such a deficit be eliminated?
> The liquidation of a partnership can be a complex and time-consuming process. What basic guidelines should be followed in order to ensure that the process is proper?
> If an individual were to acquire an interest in a partnership from the partnership entity itself, how would one calculate the suggested value of the acquired interest?
> A partnership is considering selling a 30% interest in the partnership to an incoming partner for 30% of the existing capital balances. What concerns might you have with this proposal?
> Generally speaking, what events or activities would normally result in a partner’s capital account being debited?
> Techno Builders has acquired a 70% interest in the equity of a foreign company, Pre fabco, whose functional currency is the FC. Although Pre fabco began operations in June 2012 when 1 FC equaled $1.95, Techno did not acquire its interest until March 31,
> If the income of a partnership is not sufficient enough to satisfy all of the provisions of the partnership’s profit-sharing agreement, how should this deficiency be handled?
> Under what circumstances might a salary or bonus be more appropriate than interest on capital balances as a means of allocating profits?
> A major issue faced by people who are starting their own business is the form of organization they should select. What are some major characteristics of a partnership that might influence their decision?
> Assume that a pretax operating loss was reported for the third quarter of the current year and that prior quarters reported pretax income that was taxed at an effective tax rate of 30%. What are the likely explanations as to why a tax benefit was not rec
> Why isn’t the total operating profit of all reportable segments normally equal to the consolidated operating profit?
> What factors are necessary for determining the estimated annual effective income tax rate?
> What are the benefits of viewing an interim period as an integral part of a larger annual period rather than as a separate distinct period?
> Explain why functional currency should be remeasured, rather than translated, when a foreign entity’s functional currency is highly inflationary.
> Assume that a U.S. company has a foreign subsidiary whose functional currency is the U.S. dollar. Explain how exchange rates between the foreign currency and the dollar would have to change in order to result in a current-year remeasurement loss and how
> Explain how a German subsidiary’s year-end balance in retained earnings is expressed in dollars assuming that the euro is the functional currency.
> Baxter Industries, Inc., is a U.S. company that has a wholly owned subsidiary. The subsidiary maintains its book and records in a foreign currency (FC) and the majority of its local expenses such as payroll, utilities, rent, etc., are paid in FC. However
> Assume that a U.S. company has a French subsidiary whose functional currency is the euro. Explain why the translation adjustment is not included as a component of net income on the consolidated income statement.
> A foreign company maintains its books and records in its domestic currency. Identify several factors that might suggest that the domestic currency is not the entity’s functional currency.
> A company is forecasting the purchase of inventory from an overseas vendor with payment to be made in a foreign currency (FC). Assume an option were used as a hedging instrument for this forecasted transaction. Explain how changes in the time value of th
> Explain how a U.S. company’s commitment to purchase inventory with settlement in foreign currency (FC) might become less attractive over time and how adverse effects on earnings could be reduced.
> A U.S. company purchases inventory from a foreign vendor, and purchases are denominated in the foreign currency (FC). The U.S. dollar is expected to weaken against the FC. Explain how a forward contract might be employed as a hedge against exchange rate
> If the U.S. dollar was expected to strengthen relative to a foreign currency (FC), what effect might this have on a U.S. exporter?
> Using an example, explain how an interest swap works.
> Why might an option be preferred over a futures contract?
> A regional bakery is forecasting a major purchase of flour and is considering the use of a cash flow hedge. Explain how a cash flow hedge affects operating income currently and in the future as well as how such amounts are calculated.
> What is the exposure to risk associated with a firm commitment to sell inventory that a fair value hedge is intended to reduce?
> Dontelli Enterprises began operations on July 1, 2012, as a manufacturer of heat sensitive valves used in the plumbing industry. Effective at the beginning of 2014, Platco, an American company, acquired an 80% interest in Dontelli paying 400,000 FC. Of t
> Explain how both the intrinsic value and the time value are measured for a forward contract to sell and for a put option.
