Forever Young Inc. has developed a drug that will diminish the effects of aging. Forever Young has spent $1,000,000 on research and development and $2,108,000 for clinical trials. Once the drug is approved by the FDA, which is imminent, it will have a 5-year sales life cycle. Laura Russell, Forever Youngâs chief financial officer, must determine the best alternative for the company among three options. The company can choose to manufacture, package, and distribute the drug; outsource only the manufacturing; or sell the drugâs patent. Laura has compiled the following annual cost information for this drug if the company were to manufacture it:
Management anticipates a high demand for the drug and has benchmarked $245 per unit as a reasonable price based on other drugs that promise similar results. Management expects sales volume of 3,000,000 units over 4 years and uses a discount rate of 10 percent.
If Forever Young chooses to outsource the manufacturing of the drug while continuing to package, distribute, and advertise it, the result would be a reduction of fixed manufacturing cost from $5,000,000 to $1,350,000 and an increase of variable manufacturing costs from $70 to $74 per unit. For the sale of the patent, Forever Young would receive $300,000,000 now and $25,000,000 at the end of every year for the next 4 years.
Required:
1. Determine the life-cycle income for each option.
2. Which option would you recommend for Forever Young? Support your answer.
> Obtain a copy of the following article: John H. Fleming, Curt Coffman, and James K. Harter, “Manage Your Human Sigma,” Harvard Business Review, July–August 2005, pp. 107–114 (available at https://hbr.org/2005/07/manage-your-human-sigma). The authors of t
> Enterprises is a manufacturer of consumer electronics products. The industry is very competitive, and RJM has seen its profits fall in recent years, including an operating loss of $18,585 last year. RJM was able to turn that around this year by aggressiv
> Resco, a local retail establishment, expects to make inventory purchases as follows for the first quarter of the year: January, $5,500; February, $6,500; and March, $8,000. Prior experience shows that 25 percent of a given month’s purchases are paid in t
> Green Grow Inc. manufactures riding lawn mowers that it sells to the large discount stores such as Walmart, Lowe’s, and Home Depot. The mowers are marketed as a “value” product, with good quality at a very good price. The company’s two products are the Q
> Clippers Inc. (CI) manufactures two types of garden clippers. A light-duty model, called the “half-inch,” is intended for clipping branches and stems up to one-half-inch thick. The “one-inchâ
> Tall Pines Brewery (TPB) makes two specialty beers in its microbrewery: Golden Ale and Dark Ale. Both beers sell for the same price per case in the U.S. market and in the export market. The latter market is primarily European countries. Both beers also h
> Diane’s Designs is a small business run out of its owner’s house. For the past 6 months, the company has been selling two products, a welcome sign and a birdhouse. The owner has been concerned about the companyâ&
> TransPacific Airlines (TPA) budgeted 80 million passenger miles, or 5 percent of the total market for the year just completed, at a contribution margin of 40 cents per mile. The budgeted average price was 52 cents per passenger mile. The operating data f
> Margot’s Ice Cream operates several stores in a major metropolitan city and its suburbs. Its budget and operating data for the current year follow: Required: 1. Compute these variances for the individual flavors and total quantity sol
> Jay Banning, CEO and a major stockholder of Banning Inc., was unhappy with its operating results for the past year. The company manufactures two environmentally friendly, industrial-caliber cleaning machines used primarily in automobile repair shops, gas
> Robinson Company has two products, A and B. Robinson’s budget for August follows: On September l, these operating results for August were reported: Required: 1. For each product, determine the following variances measured in dollars
> Family Medical Care (FMC) is a family medical practice with 6 physicians, a nursing staff of 8 to 10 nurses, and an administrative staff that varies from 4 to 7 personnel. Rajat Patel, the chief physician at FMC, is interested in studying the efficiency
> Janice Interiors installs custom interiors for luxury mobile homes. In its most recent negotiation with the union, the firm proposed to share productivity gains in direct labor equally with the union. In return, the union agreed not to demand wage increa
> Kraft Bakeries introduced in 2022 a new line of frozen apple pie. For 2022, sales by quarter were as follows: 11,000 units, 16,000 units, 15,000 units, and 20,000 units. Because of aggressive marketing and promotion, the company expects that sales for ea
> The following data were obtained from the 2016 financial statements for two U.S. automakers (in millions of dollars): Required: 1. Calculate and interpret total productivity in dollars for the two automakers. 2. Go to the internet for these companies a
> Textron Manufacturing Inc. assembles industrial testing instruments in two departments, assembly and testing. Operating data for the current and prior years follow: The firm assembled and tested 20,000 instruments in both years. Required: 1. Calculate
> Katrina Design has decided to experiment with two alternative manufacturing approaches, identified as MF and LI, for producing men’s fashions. The firm expects the total demand to be 20,000 suits. Management estimates the required input
> In the fourth quarter of last year, Colditz Company embarked on a major effort to improve productivity. It redesigned products, reengineered manufacturing processes, and offered productivity improvement courses. The effort was completed in the last quart
> Use the data for Ashley Technology Inc. in Problem 16-41 to complete the following requirements. Also assume that fixed manufacturing costs are $50 million in both 2021 and 2022. Required: 1. Compute the total productivity ratios for 2021 and 2022. 2. O
> Use the data for Ashley Technology Inc. in Problem 16-41 to complete the following requirements: Required: 1. Compute the partial financial productivity ratios for direct materials and direct labor for each of the 2 years. 2. On the basis of the partial
> Ashley Technology Inc. manufactures a scrambling device for cellular telephones. The device’s main component is a delicate part, CT140. CT140 is easily damaged and requires careful handling. Once damaged, it must be discarded. The firm
> ACME manufacturing is a low-cost producer of a single, commodity product: RGL-01. Standard overhead cost information for one unit of this product is presented below: Required: 1. Calculate the fixed overhead application rate per machine hour (rounded t
> Glavine & Co. produces a single product, each unit of which requires three direct labor hours (DLHs). Practical capacity (for setting the factory overhead application rate) is 30,000 DLHs, on an annual basis. The information below pertains to the mos
> The Bangor Manufacturing Company produces mechanical toy robots that are typically produced in batches of 250 units. Prior to the current year, the company’s accountants used a standard cost system with a simplified method of assigning manufacturing supp
> May Clothing is a retail men’s clothing store. May's cost is $20 per shirt. The sales price is $40 per shirt. They plan to sell 400,000 shirts each year, which at this level would result in a before tax profit of $2,500,000. What is their degree of opera
> Acme Financial issues letters of credit to importers for overseas purchases. The company charges a nonrefundable application fee of $4,000 and, on approval, an additional service fee of 2.0% of the amount of credit requested. The company’s budget for the
> This assignment involves the use of a traditional (i.e., non-time-driven) ABC system to address the problem of measuring and managing the cost of capacity. As controller for Zen Company, you’ve been asked to provide input regarding the appropriate level
> Zenon Computer competes at the retail level on the basis of customer service. It has invested significant resources in its customer service department. Recently, the company has installed a traditional activity-based costing (ABC) system to provide bette
> See the following: K. P. Coyne, S. T. Coyne, and E. J. Coyne Jr., “When You’ve Got to Cut Costs Now: A Practical Guide to Reducing Overhead by 10%, 20%, or (wince) 30%,” Harvard Business Review, May 2010, pp. 74–82 (available at http://my.gartner.com/htm
> Edney Company employs a standard cost system for product costing. The per-unit standard cost of its product is: Raw materials ……………………………………………………………………..…. $14.50 Direct labor (2 direct labor hours × $8.00 per hour) …………………… 16.00 Manufacturing overhea
> Butrico Manufacturing Corporation uses a standard cost system, records materials price variances when direct materials are purchased, and prorates all variances at year-end. Variances associated with direct materials are prorated based on the balances of
> Obtain from your library (or instructor or course pack, as appropriate) a copy of the following article: K. Snead, D. Stott, and A. Garcia, “The Causes of Misapplied Capacity Related Manufacturing Costs and Corresponding Reporting Implications: A Concept
> Obtain and read the following article: Robert S. Kaplan and David P. Norton, “Mastering the Management System,” Harvard Business Review, January 2008, pp. 63–77 (available at ftp://public.dhe.ibm.com/software/data/swlibrary/cognos/pdfs/whitepapers/wp_mas
> Any given cost information system is a function of a number of design choices. For product costing purposes, one such design choice relates to how overhead, particularly fixed manufacturing overhead, application rates are determined. As controller for yo
> At a recent board meeting of the Grayson Manufacturing Company, several individuals in attendance expressed concern that they could not understand how the choice of an activity level for determining overhead application rates for the company could affect
> Franklin Cards sells greeting cards for $2 each, and plans to sell 100,000 cards every quarter. The management accountant has determined they must sell 80,000 cards to break even every quarter. What is the margin of safety (MOS), in both units and sales
> New Millennium Technologies uses a standard cost system. It budgeted 50,000 machine hours to manufacture 100,000 units in 2022. The budgeted total fixed factory overhead was $9,000,000. The company manufactured and sold 80,000 units in 2022 and would rep
> At its Sutter City plant, Yuba Machine Company manufactures nut shellers, which it sells to nut processors throughout the world. Since its inception, the family-owned business has used actual factory overhead costs in costing factory output. On December
> This is a story about manufacturing performance at one plant of a large company. It begins with Kristen Reynolds, a relatively new plant manager, coming to visit Bryan Simpkins, the plant’s head of manufacturing. Kristen and Bryan work for ITR Incorporat
> As part of its comprehensive planning and control system, Mopar Company uses a master budget and subsequent variance analysis. You are given the following information that pertains to the company’s only product, XL-10, for the month of
> In a Wall Street Journal article, the author Notes that various retailers in the United States (e.g., Meijer, Gap, and Office Depot) are turning to consulting firms, such as Accenture, to develop engineered labor standards for cashiers and other retail w
> Phoenix Management helps rental property owners find renters and charges the owners one-half of the first month’s rent for this service. For August 2022, Phoenix expects to find renters for 100 apartments with an average first month&aci
> Dash Company adopted a standard costing system several years ago. The standard costs for the prime costs (i.e., direct materials and direct labor) of its single product are: Material (8 kilograms × $5.00 per kilogram) ……………………. $ 40.00 Labor (6 hours ×
> Mark-Wright Inc. (MWI) is a specialty frozen food processor located in the midwestern states. Since its founding in 1982, MWI has enjoyed a loyal local clientele willing to pay premium prices for the high-quality frozen foods prepared from special recipe
> Tastyfreeze Company is a small producer of fruit-flavored frozen desserts. For many years, its products have had strong regional sales because of brand recognition; however, other companies have begun marketing similar products in the area, and price com
> Acme Manufacturing produces corrugated board containers that the nearby wine industry uses to package wine in bulk. Acme buys kraft paper by the ton, converts it to heavy-duty paperboard on its corrugator, and then cuts and glues it into folding boxes. T
> ABC Audio sells headphones and would like to earn an after-tax profit of $400 every week. Each set of headphones incurs variable cost of $5 and sells for $10. Rent and other fixed costs are $200 per week; the income tax rate is 20%. How many headphones m
> Jonas Materials Science (JMS) purchases its materials from several countries. As part of its cost-control program, JMS uses a standard cost system for all aspects of its operations, including purchases of direct materials. The company establishes standar
> Going into the period just ended, Ortiz & Co., manufacturer of a moderately priced espresso maker for retail sale, had planned to produce and sell 3,900 units at $100.00 per unit. Budgeted variable manufacturing costs per unit are $50.00. Ortiz pays its
> Kate Stephens, the COO of BioDerm, has asked her cost management team for a product-line profitability analysis for her firm’s two products, Xderm and Yderm. The two skin care products require a large amount of research and development
> Taylor’s is a popular restaurant that offers customers a large dining room and comfortable bar area. Taylor Henry, the owner and manager of the restaurant, has seen the number of patrons increase steadily over the last two years and is considering whethe
> Chemical Products Company (CPC) produces a variety of chemicals—primarily adhesives, lubricants, and polymers—for industrial use by manufacturers to produce plastics and other compounds. Don Leo, the production vice pr
> Colton Furniture Co. is a small but fast-growing manufacturer of living room furniture. Its two principal products are end tables and sofas. The flow diagram for the manufacturing at Colton follows. Colton’s manufacturing involves five
> Bridal Photography Inc. (BPI) specializes in preparing wedding pictures, including a large book of photos for the wedding couple. Each couple works directly with a single BPI photographer, who helps the couple plan the photos to be made on the wedding da
> Hilton Yacht manufactures a line of family cruiser/racing sailboats. The boats are well known for their quality, safety, and performance. Hilton hired Matthew Perry, a well-known sailboat designer and racer, to design a new sailboat, the M33. The M33 wil
> Harpers Ltd. is a UK manufacturer of casual shoes for men and women. It has sustained strong growth in the UK market in recent years due to its close attention to fashion trends. Harpers’s shoes also have a good reputation for quality a
> Scott Power produces batteries. Scott has determined its contribution margin to be $8 per battery and their contribution margin ratio to be 0.4. What is the effect on operating profit from the sale of one additional battery? One additional dollar of sale
> Brief Exercises 7-11 through 7-14 involve departmental cost allocation with two service departments and two production departments. Use the following information for these four exercises: What is the amount of service department cost allocated to P1 an
> Caldwell Supply, a wholesaler, has determined that its operations have three primary activities: purchasing, warehousing, and distributing. The firm reports the following operating data for the year just completed: Caldwell buys 100,000 units at an ave
> VIP-MD is a health maintenance organization (HMO) located in North Carolina. Unlike the traditional fee-for-service model that determines the payment according to the actual services used or costs incurred, VIP-MD receives a fixed, prepaid amount from su
> Chapter 11 Morrow Company is a large manufacturer of auto parts for automakers and parts distributors. Although Morrow has plants throughout the world, most are in North America. Morrow is known for the quality of its parts and for the reliability of its
> UR Safe Systems installs home security systems. Two of its systems, the ICU 100 and the ICU 900, have these characteristics: The ICU 100 sells for $810 installed, and the ICU 900 sells for $1,520 installed. Required: 1. What are the current gross prof
> Estimated cash-flow data for each of two projects, A and B, and the discount rate, r, to be used for the analysis of capital investment projects are given below: Discount rate, r = 10.0%. Required: 1. In a capital budgeting context, explain the differ
> A proposed investment has the following projected after-tax cash flows over its 3-year life: Initial outlay (time 0) = ($1,000) End of year 1 = $2,000 End of year 2 = $2,000 End of year 3 = ($3,700) Required: 1. In a capital budgeting context, explain t
> Myers Manufacturing Inc. wants to build a booth for painting the boxes it makes for small transformers used to power neon signs. The company can choose either a solvent-based or a powder-based paint process. The following table summarizes the costs and i
> You and your spouse have recently inherited money from a distant relative and are considering a number of investment opportunities, one of which would involve residential real estate. Specifically, you have an opportunity to purchase an apartment complex
> Because of increased consumer demand for fuel-efficient, alternative-energy automobiles, Global Auto Company is considering investing in a new hybrid crossover vehicle. Development costs each year for a 2-year period for this new vehicle are estimated as
> The Mendoza Company discussed in the chapter is now considering replacing a piece of equipment that the company uses to monitor the integrity of metal pipes used for deep-sea drilling purposes. The company’s pretax WACC (discount rate)
> Williams & Williams Co. produces plastic spray bottles and wants to earn a profit of $200,000 next quarter. Variable cost is $0.50 per bottle, fixed costs of $400,000, and sell the bottles for $1.00 each. How many bottles must they sell to meet the profi
> Rob Roy Corporation has been using its present facilities at its annual full capacity of 10,000 units for the last 3 years. Still, the company is unable to keep pace with continuing demand for the product that is estimated to be 25,000 units annually. Th
> Use the information in Problem 12-55 to answer the following questions (for calculations below, do NOT round data to 000s—use raw data). Required: 1. What would the maximum machine annual operating cost of the overhauled AccuDril need to be (before tax)
> The management of Devine Instrument Company is considering the purchase of a new drilling machine, model RoboDril 1010K. According to the specifications and testing results, RoboDril will substantially increase productivity over AccuDril X10, the machine
> You and several of your classmates have just graduated from college and are evaluating various investment opportunities, including a startup company that would produce high-quality jackets embroidered with a college logo. If demand for this customized pr
> Refer to the XYZ Company example in the chapter and the results in Panels A and B of Exhibit 12.7. On the basis of this information, management of the company has decided to delay the implementation of the project for 1 year. Those managers are now inter
> This problem pertains to the XYZ Company example in the body of the chapter and the associated discussion of real options. Required: 1. Define the term real option. Provide an example of each of the four common types of real options. 2. Define the terms
> Use the data in Problem 12-50 for Bob Jensen Inc. and MACRS. The asset qualifies as a 5-year property. Required: Compute the following for the proposed investment: 1. Its payback period (in years) under the assumption that the cash inflows occur evenly
> Use the same information for this problem as you did for Problem 12-49, except that the discount rate is 10% (not 12%), the investment is subject to taxes, and the projected pretax operating cash inflows are as follows: Jensen has been paying 25% for c
> Bob Jensen Inc. purchased a $650,000 machine to manufacture specialty taps for electrical equipment. Jensen expects to sell all it can manufacture in the next 10 years. To encourage capital investments, the government has exempted taxes on profits from n
> Home Service Company offers monthly service plans to provide prepared meals that are delivered to customers’ homes and need only be heated in a microwave or conventional oven. Home Service offers two monthly plans, premier cuisine and h
> Oxicon, Inc. manufactures several different types of candy for various retail stores. The accounting manager has requested that you determine the sales dollars required to break even for next quarter based on past financial data. Your research tells you
> “I’m not looking forward to breaking the news,” groaned Charlie Wettle, the controller of Meyer Paint Company. He and Don Smith, state liaison for the firm, were returning from a meeting with represen
> High Point Furniture Company (HPF) manufactures very high-quality furniture for sale directly to exclusive hotels, interior designers, and select retail outlets throughout the world. HPF’s products include upholstered furniture, dining
> Humbolt Electric manufactures electronic subcomponents that be sold at the end of Process #1 or processed further, in Process #2, and then sold. Currently, the entire output of Process #1 can be sold at a price of $2.00 per unit. The output of Process #2
> GianAuto Corporation manufactures parts and components for manufacturers and suppliers of parts for automobiles, vans, and trucks. Sales have increased each year based, in part, on the company’s excellent record of customer service and
> Let us revisit the Windbreakers Inc. situation from the chapter. Information from Exhibit 11.16B is reproduced below and shows the results after Gale was dropped and the avoidable marketing expenses were also removed. We will now assume that the produc
> If not assigned previously, Problem 9-50 and 9-51 (CVP Analysis; Sustainability; Uncertainty; Decision Tables) can be assigned here. Problem 9-51: Required: 1. The information in Problem 9-50 presents a decision problem similar to the choice of cost str
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> The Midwest Division of the Paibec Corporation manufactures subassemblies used in Paibec’s final products. Lynn Hardt of Midwest’s profit planning department has been assigned the task of determining whether Midwest should continue to manufacture a subas
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> Assume the same information as for Problem 11-33, except that the $12.00 fixed manufacturing overhead cost per unit consists of facility-level costs ($9.00/unit at the 20,000-unit output level), with the remainder being setup-related (i.e., batch-level)
> As noted in the chapter, some individuals allege that the practice of tying managerial rewards to budgeted performance has dysfunctional consequences, including (but not limited to) gaming behavior. Search the Internet and pertinen literature (e.g., Mich
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> National Insurance Company underwrites property insurance for homeowners. You have been charged with the responsibility of developing a portion of the monthly budget for the coming 12-month period for the company. You have collected the following driver