Question: In the game-theoretic model of workouts

> What are the incentives to innovate for a monopoly firm as compared with a firm in a competitive market if patent protection is not available?

> Sony’s PlayStation 2 (PS2) dominated the game console market from 1997–2003 with 123 million units sold. Today, Nintendo’s Wii has 62 percent of the market. Prices to achieve this spectacular growth have fallen continuously from $400 at launch to $250. S

> If the U.S. dollar were to appreciate substantially, what steps could a domestic manufacturer such as Cummins Engine Co. of Columbus, Indiana, take in advance to reduce the effect of the exchange rate fluctuation on company profitability?

> Use the monthly series on the Consumer Price Index (all items) from the previous two years to produce a forecast of the CPI for each of the next three years. Is the precision of your forecast greater or less at 36 months ahead than at 12 months ahead? W

> Define Q to be the level of output produced and sold, and assume that the firm’s cost function is given by the relationship: TC = 20 + 5Q + Q2 Furthermore, assume that the demand for the output of the firm is a function of price P given by the relation

> The forecasting staff for the Prizer Corporation has developed a model to predict sales of its air-cushioned-ride snowmobiles. The model specifies that sales S vary jointly with disposable personal income Y and the population between ages 15 and 40, Z, a

> Differentiate the following functions: a. Y = 2X3 / (4X2 – 1) b. Y = 2X / (4X2 – 1) c. Y = 8Z2 - 4Z þ 1, where Z = 2X2 - 1 (differentiate Y with respect to X)

> The following table presents data on sales (S), advertising (A), and price (P): Estimate the following demand models: b. Determine whether the estimated values of β1 and β2 are statistically significant (at the 0.05 level). c.

> Consider again the Sherwin-Williams Company example discussed in this chapter (see Table 4.1). Suppose one is interested in developing a multiple regression model with paint sales (Y) as the dependent variable and promotional expenditures (A) and selling

> The causes and consequences of the global financial crisis (GFC) are numerous and remain hotly debated. One catalyst was clearly the collapse of the U.S. housing market in 2007–2008. The Federal Reserve played a role by overstimulating the economy during

> The summer months bring warm weather, mega fauna (bears), and tourists to the coastal towns of Alaska. Skagway at the top of the Inland Passage was, in the nineteenth century, the entrance to the Yukon. Today this town attracts multiple cruise ships per

> Demand can be estimated with experimental data, time-series data, or cross-section data. Sara Lee Corporation generates experimental data in test stores where the effect of an NFL-licensed Carolina Panthers logo on Champion sweatshirt sales can be carefu

> The Leisure Products (LP) Company manufactures lawn and patio furniture. Most of its output is sold to do-it-yourself warehouse stores (e.g., Lowe’s Home Improvement) and to retail hardware and department store chains (e.g., Ace Hardware and JCPenney), w

> Analyze the data on inflation rates, interest rates, and growth rate forecasts in Table 6.1 to determine what the likely near-term trend movement of the U.S. dollar will be. Analyze how each of the previously mentioned factors will affect the euroâ

> Amazon’s new tablet computer, the Kindle Fire, has slim margins at its $199 retail price. Admittedly, this product is trying to change the way we read books. It is therefore positioned so as to penetrate a revolutionary new target market, the twentysomet

> Tax-relief competition between states seeking high-paying industrial jobs threatens to overpay for any conceivable net benefits. In 1993, Alabama paid more than $300 million in highway, rail, sewer, and other infrastructure investments to obtain a $300 m

> Boeing finishes assembly of wide-bodied commercial aircraft in several sizes at the rate of about one per day. Customers first pay a deposit of one-third of $84 to $127 million for a 767, one-third of $134 to $185 million for a 777, and one-third of $165

> Motorola’s Iridium, a go-anywhere mobile phone system that transmitted and received signals beamed down from 66 satellites, was called “the eighth wonder of the world” by Motorola CEO Chris Galvin. However, at $1,500 for a handset the size of a brick, co

> The setting is a Ralph Lauren outlet store, and the product line is Polo golf shirts. A product manager and the General Manager for Outlet Sales are analyzing the discounted price to be offered at the outlet stores. Let’s work through t

> An estimate of the demand function for household furniture produced the following results: where F = furniture expenditures per household Y = disposable personal income per household R = value of private residential construction per household P = ra

> The state of Glottamora has $100 million remaining in its budget for the current year. One alternative is to give Glottamorans a one-time tax rebate. Alternatively, two proposals have been made for state expenditures of these funds. The first proposed pr

> The Gordon Company currently pays an annual common stock dividend of $4.00 per share. Its dividend payments have been growing at a steady rate of 6 percent per year, and this rate of growth is expected to continue for the foreseeable future. Gordon’s com

> The Charlotte Bobcats, a professional basketball team, has been offered the opportunity to purchase the contract of an aging superstar basketball player from another team. The general manager of the Bobcats wants to analyze the offer as a capital budgeti

> Alliance Manufacturing Company is considering the purchase of a new automated drill press to replace an older one. The machine now in operation has a book value of zero and a salvage value of zero. However, it is in good working condition with an expecte

> A company is planning to invest $75,000 (before taxes) in a personnel training program. The $75,000 outlay will be charged off as an expense by the firm this year (year 0). The returns estimated from the program in the form of greater productivity and a

> A machine that costs $12,000 is expected to operate for 10 years. The estimated salvage value at the end of 10 years is $0. The machine is expected to save the company $2,331 per year before taxes and depreciation. The company depreciates its assets on a

> The Department of Transportation wishes to choose between two alternative accident prevention programs. It has identified three benefits to be gained from such programs: • Reduced property damage, both to the vehicles involved in an acc

> A firm has the opportunity to invest in a project having an initial outlay of $20,000. Net cash inflows (before depreciation and taxes) are expected to be $5,000 per year for five years. The firm uses the straight-line depreciation method with a zero sal

> Branding Iron Products, a specialty steel fabricator, operates a plant in the town of West Star, Texas. The town has grown rapidly because of recent discoveries of oil and gas in the area. Many of the new residents have expressed concern at the amount of

> A sheep rancher leased the mineral rights beneath her grazing land to an oil company. She fears that discharges from the oil wells will pollute her underground water resources. Consequently, the contract for the sale of mineral rights requires that the r

> The demand for haddock has been estimated as where Q = quantity of haddock sold in New England P = price per pound of haddock I = a measure of personal income in the New England region Pm = an index of the price of meat and poultry If b = -2.174, c

> Use the cost and demand functions in Exercise 5 to calculate the following: a. Determine the marginal revenue and marginal cost functions. b. Show that, at the profit-maximizing output level determined in part (b) of the previous exercise, marginal reve

> Borders Books, once the leading chain of bookshop retailers, entered into an agreement with Amazon.com, the online retailer, to fulfill Internet orders from the Borders.com Web site. Using Table 15.3 and the following questions, what organizational form

> The long-term effects of ozone depletion from hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) emissions and of CO2 and other greenhouse gases from the burning of fossil fuels are controversial. Environmental scientists insist that the release of HCFCs opened a gaping hol

> The HIV/AIDS crisis has been called the worst pandemic since the fourteenth century’s Black Plague. The first incident of HIV/AIDS was discovered by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control in 1981. Over the next three decades, 60 million people have become

> Charging $17.99 a month for an unlimited number of movie rentals (three at one time), Netflix revolutionized the movie rental business with a one-day mailing service for DVDs and acquired 12 million subscribers and $1.5 billion in revenue. However, Block

> Firm-specific demand in the scheduled airline industry is segmented by customer class and is highly uncertain so that an order may not lead to realized revenue and a unit reservations at preannounced fares and reassigning capacity to the various market s

> The following cost-output data were obtained as part of a study of the economies of scale in operating a charter high school in Wisconsin: Required: 1. Plot the data in columns B and C in an output (enrollment) cost graph and sketch a smooth curve tha

> You are the lead underwriter among a syndicate of five investment banks composed of yourself, the syndicate co-manager, and syndicate members 3, 4, and 5. Your syndicate finds a deal worth $100 million in fees. You must submit a proposal as to how the fe

> Economists at the Wilson Company are interested in developing a production function or fertilizer plants. They collected data on 15 different plants that produce fertilizer (see the following table). Required: 1. Estimate the Cobb-Douglas production f

> Explore the crisis that Internet file sharing of copyrighted music recordings has caused for Vivendi Universal, Sony Music, EMI, and AOL Time Warner Music, which together formerly supplied 70 percent of the global music industry. Required: 1. How would

> Given the following market share distributions, the U.S. Antitrust Division blocked a merger of BMG and EMI in 2001, and the European Commission blocked a merger of Time Warner’s music division and EMI in 2000. Analyze these decisions a

> Conduct an in-class debate on a recent antitrust case and whether it was decided correctly. The case is Leegin Creative Products, Inc. v. PSKS, Inc., DBA Kay’s Kloset, 551, U.S. (2007). Leegin of Dallas Texas makes upscale leather accessories somewhat li

> Airlines face highly cyclical demand; American reported profitability in the strong expansion of 2006–2007 but massive losses in the severe recession of 2008–2009. Demand also fluctuates day to day. One of the ways American copes with random demand is th

> Specific Electric Co. asks you to implement a pay-for-performance incentive contract for its new CEO and four EVPs on the Executive Committee. The five managers can either work really hard with 70 hour weeks at a personal opportunity cost of $200,000 in

> The Williams Company has a present capital structure (that it considers optimal) consisting of 30 percent long-term debt and 70 percent common equity. The company plans to finance next year’s capital budget with additional long-term debt and retained ear

> If Apple iPod only played iTunes, and iTunes only could be heard on the Apple iPod, could Apple price the technologically integrated bundle any way it wanted? If other electronic music can play on an iPod, what determines whether there are any limitation

> Would warehouse operators insist on owning their own trucking companies? Why or why not? What coordination and control problems and contractual hazards would these companies encounter?

> If coal mine tonnage can be shipped elsewhere cheaply, but an adjacent coal-fired power plant is not redeployable to other uses, what organizational form would be adopted by the power plant owners? Why?

> The price elasticity of demand for a textbook sold in the United States is estimated to be - 2, whereas the price elasticity of demand for books sold overseas is - 3. The U.S. market requires hardcover books with a marginal cost of $40; the overseas ma

> Nike and Adidas face the following coordination problem in trying to decide whether to conduct heavy or light combative advertising against the other firm. What should each firm do? Nike Light Ads Heavy Ads $12 M $6 M Light Ads $10 M $4 M Adidas $4

> Why should the early adopters of an information technology system provided by IBM Systems Solutions be willing to pay more for a closed-end lease of the servers and other hardware required than for an outright purchase?

> Suppose you have announced you will “meet the competition” in response to entry threats by a potential rival who has done marketing research in your target market and is offering a lower price point. What difference does it make, if any, if technology is

> The long competition between Subway and Quizno’s subshops took price from $6 to $5 for selected Footlongs. Eventually, Quizno’s dropped price another dollar to $4 with its Torpedo product. Market share rose for Quizno’s relative to its head to head Footl

> Analyze the following sequential game and advise Kodak about whether they should introduce the new product, Picture CD. Rival New product Introduction advertising Pricing policy Kodak Sony High $380m $620m Kodak Moderate $610m $590m Increase ads Low

> If core price inflation has grown at a compound growth rate of 2 percent per annum in the United States and 0.06 percent in Japan for the past eight years, what exchange rate represents PPP today if the two currencies eight years ago in 2005 were in pari

> Would cappuccino by the cup or Prada handbags have wider price variation in a free trade area like the European Union? Why?

> Compare the optimal solutions obtained in Exercises 2 and 3. Specifically: a. How much higher (lower) is the optimal selling price when the two firms form a cartel to maximize industry profits, compared to when they act independently? b. How much higher

> If unit labor costs in Spain and Portugal rise, but unit labor costs in Germany decline and other producer prices remain unchanged, what effect should these factors, by themselves, have on export trade, and why?

> The costs of producing steel have declined substantially from building a conventional hot-rolled steel mill down to the new minimill technology that requires only scrap metal, an electric furnace, and 300 workers rather than iron ore raw materials, enorm

> Assuming that all other factors remain unchanged, determine how a firm’s breakeven point is affected by each of the following: a. The firm finds it necessary to reduce the price per unit because of increased foreign competition. b. The firm’s direct labo

> If the U.S. dollar depreciates 20 percent, how does this affect the export and domestic sales of a U.S. manufacturer? Explain.

> After an unanticipated dollar appreciation has occurred, what would you recommend a company such as Cummins Engine do with its strong domestic currency?

> Explain the effect on capacity reallocations of advance sales data indicating mean demand of 55 rather than 60 during a slow travel week for business class, using the information in Figure 14.1, Table 14.2, and Equation 14A.4. Data from figure 14.1:

> Suppose an appliance manufacturer is doing a regression analysis, using quarterly time-series data, of the factors affecting its sales of appliances. A regression equation was estimated between appliance sales (in dollars) as the dependent variable and d

> Identify some cultural differences between people who work in a hospital and a manufacturing plant.

> List several words that you use all the time that others may not use or that they pronounce differently.

> Because you are reading this book, you are probably taking a course at a university. Does the university use the gangplank theory to any extent? Explain.

> Why is the circle used for the model of communication? What is meant by communicating to someone and not with someone?

> Give an example of polarization that you have observed.

> Give a specific example in which a demand for greater quality also increases the demand for more efficient communication.

> This textbook states that it is not possible to review all contingencies. Elaborate on this statement.

> Ben knocked on the door of Nancy Kerr, his supervising director. “Come in,” Nancy said, and Ben entered. He was frustrated, and his demeanor reflected it. “I need to talk to you about Stacey Burton, who works in the office beside mine,” Ben said. “Ever

> The Finance Investment Company is located in Houston, Texas. The company is only two years old, but it has made the headlines in regional magazines as “the company to watch.” It is staffed with three investment analysts and four secretaries. The firm occ

> A historian has said this about Gen. George A. Custer: “Generals who led men were rare; generals who won battles were rarer. It is no wonder that he was idolized from President Lincoln down. All the world loves a winner." On June 26, 1874, Custer’s 261 s

> Give an example of a channel. What channel is used by a restaurant to tell you the price of a meal?

> In the spring of 1992, Ignacio Lopez de Arriortua hit Detroit like a storm. General Motors was in trouble and needed help, so the company’s president appointed Lopez as the vice president of global purchasing. He had saved the company millions of dollars

> Clarence opened a farm supply store in Montana during the early 1900s. His neighbors in the county were also his customers. Every person who walked into his store felt comfortable. In fact, they would often sit, sip a cup of coffee or shell some peanuts,

> Jane Rye is a student of advertising at State University and will graduate at the end of the next term. She had a part-time job in the sales department at a local television station. When hired, Rye thought she was very lucky to have a job there, not onl

> Chris smiled as he received the analysis packet from his supervisor. He worked from home three days a week, and when he received an assignment he did not know how to analyze, he would call one of his buddies who easily accomplished such tasks. He compens

> Describe a situation that may have caused a manager to be unethical in which the problem was more one of poor communication than ethics.

> Why do you think that men and women may have difficulty communicating with each other?

> Provide an example in which you have seen a manager attempt to empower employees.

> Give an example of nonverbal communication that you have observed in a written message and another in an oral message.

> In which ways do you believe that women communicate differently than men?

> How does the behavioral approach differ from the contingency approach to management communication?

> Mitch Finley, a 29-year-old with a degree in finance, began working as a loan officer at a bank two years ago. Later, he began consulting for other businesses in financial planning. His career goal has been to begin his own business. Recently, Finley sta

> Newhard Company assigns overhead cost to jobs on the basis of 125% of direct labor cost. The job cost sheet for Job 313 includes $10,000 in direct materials cost and $12,000 in direct labor cost. A total of 1,000 units were produced in Job 313. Required

> Morrison Company uses a job-order costing system to assign manufacturing costs to jobs. Its balance sheet on January 1 is as follows: During January the company completed the following transactions: a. Purchased raw materials on account, $74,000. b. Raw

> Dixon Company is a manufacturer that completed numerous transactions during the month, some of which are shown below: a. Raw materials purchased on account, $100,000. b. Raw materials used in production, $78,000 direct materials, and $16,000 indirect mat

> Adams Company is a manufacturer that completed numerous transactions during the month, some of which are shown below: a. Manufacturing overhead costs incurred on account, $80,000. b. Depreciation was recorded for the month, $35,000 (80% related to factor

> Carmen Company is a manufacturer that completed numerous transactions during the month, some of which are shown below: a. Raw materials used in production as direct materials, $56,000. b. Paid direct laborers $40,000 in cash for their work on various job

> Would you expect the amount of applied overhead for a period to equal the actual overhead costs of the period? Why or why not?

> What is the link that connects the schedule of cost of goods manufactured to the schedule of cost of goods sold?

> How is the unit product cost of a job calculated?

> What is job-order costing?

> What effect does an increase in the activity level have on— a. Unit fixed costs? b. Unit variable costs? c. Total fixed costs? d. Total variable costs?

> What is normal costing?

> What is absorption costing?

> What are the three major types of product costs in a manufacturing company?