Question: In the previous problem, suppose your required

> Hybrid cars are touted as a “green” alternative; however, the financial aspects of hybrid ownership are not as clear. Consider the 2019 Toyota RAV4 Hybrid, which had a list price of $5,900 (including tax consequences) more than the comparable gasoline-on

> In Problem 20, McGilla Golf would like to know the sensitivity of NPV to changes in the price of the new clubs and the quantity of new clubs sold. What is the sensitivity of the NPV to each of these variables? Problem 20: McGilla Golf has decided to sel

> In the previous problem, you feel that the values are accurate to within only ± 10 percent. What are the best-case and worst-case NPVs? Problem 20: McGilla Golf has decided to sell a new line of golf clubs. The clubs will sell for $815 per set and have

> McGilla Golf has decided to sell a new line of golf clubs. The clubs will sell for $815 per set and have a variable cost of $365 per set. The company has spent $150,000 for a marketing study that determined the company will sell 55,000 sets per year for

> Ojo Outerwear Corporation can manufacture mountain climbing shoes for $45.17 per pair in variable raw material costs and $29.73 per pair in variable labor expense. The shoes sell for $210 per pair. Last year, production was 155,000 pairs. Fixed costs wer

> You are considering a new product launch. The project will cost $1,675,000, have a four-year life, and have no salvage value; depreciation is straight-line to zero. Sales are projected at 195 units per year; price per unit will be $16,300, variable cost

> An investment offers a total return of 11.7 percent over the coming year. Janice Yellen thinks the total real return on this investment will be only 9 percent. What does Janice believe the inflation rate will be over the next year?

> In the previous problem, what is the degree of operating leverage at the given level of output? What is the degree of operating leverage at the accounting break-even level of output? Problem 17: Consider a four-year project with the following informatio

> Consider a four-year project with the following information: Initial fixed asset investment = $655,000; straight-line depreciation to zero over the four-year life; zero salvage value; price = $28; variable costs = $16; fixed costs = $245,000; quantity s

> In the previous problem, what will be the new degree of operating leverage in each case? Problem 14: At an output level of 14,500 units, you have calculated that the degree of operating leverage is 3.41. The operating cash flow is $81,000 in this case.

> At an output level of 14,500 units, you have calculated that the degree of operating leverage is 3.41. The operating cash flow is $81,000 in this case. Ignoring the effect of taxes, what are fixed costs? What will the operating cash flow be if output ris

> A proposed project has fixed costs of $76,000 per year. The operating cash flow at 9,200 units is $108,700. Ignoring the effect of taxes, what is the degree of operating leverage? If units sold rise from 9,200 to 10,000, what will be the increase in oper

> In the previous problem, suppose fixed costs are $183,000. What is the operating cash flow at 38,000 units? The degree of operating leverage? Problem 11: At an output level of 40,000 units, you calculate that the degree of operating leverage is 3.19. If

> At an output level of 40,000 units, you calculate that the degree of operating leverage is 3.19. If output rises to 44,000 units, what will the percentage change in operating cash flow be? Will the new level of operating leverage be higher or lower? Expl

> Consider a project with the following data: Accounting break-even quantity = 14,300 units; cash break-even quantity = 9,700 units; life = 5 years; fixed costs = $205,000; variable costs = $19 per unit; required return = 12 percent. Ignoring the effect of

> Night Shades, Inc., manufactures biotech sunglasses. The variable materials cost is $12.14 per unit, and the variable labor cost is $6.89 per unit. a. What is the variable cost per unit? b. Suppose the company incurs fixed costs of $845,000 during a year

> Esfandairi Enterprises is considering a new three-year expansion project that requires an initial fixed asset investment of $2.18 million. The fixed asset will be depreciated straight-line to zero over its three-year tax life, after which time it will be

> Suppose the real rate is 1.8 percent and the inflation rate is 2.7 percent. What rate would you expect to see on a Treasury bill?

> An asset used in a four-year project falls in the five-year MACRS class for tax purposes. The asset has an acquisition cost of $5.7 million and will be sold for $1.8 million at the end of the project. If the tax rate is 21 percent, what is the aftertax s

> Consider an asset that costs $745,000 and is depreciated straight-line to zero over its eight-year tax life. The asset is to be used in a five-year project; at the end of the project, the asset can be sold for $135,000. If the relevant tax rate is 21 per

> A piece of newly purchased industrial equipment costs $1.475 million and is classified as seven-year property under MACRS. Calculate the annual depreciation allowances and end-of-the-year book values for this equipment.

> A proposed new project has projected sales of $215,000, costs of $104,000, and depreciation of $25,300. The tax rate is 23 percent. Calculate operating cash flow using the four different approaches described in the chapter and verify that the answer is t

> Suppose we are thinking about replacing an old computer with a new one. The old one cost us $1.4 million; the new one will cost $1.7 million. The new machine will be depreciated straight-line to zero over its fiveyear life. It will probably be worth abou

> Consider the following income statement: Sales ………………….…………………….. $704,600 Costs …………….…..………………………… 527,300 Depreciation ……..………………………….. 82,100 EBIT …………..…..……………………………………. ? Taxes (22%) …..…………………………………….. ? Net income ………………………………………….. ? Fill

> Your company has been approached to bid on a contract to sell 5,000 voice recognition (VR) computer keyboards per year for four years. Due to technological improvements, beyond that time they will be outdated and no sales will be possible. The equipment

> To solve the bid price problem presented in the text, we set the project NPV equal to zero and found the required price using the definition of OCF. Thus the bid price represents a financial break-even level for the project. This type of analysis can be

> A proposed cost-saving device has an installed cost of $905,000. The device will be used in a five-year project but is classified as three-year MACRS property for tax purposes. The required initial net working capital investment is $65,000, the tax rate

> Aria Acoustics, Inc. (AAI), projects unit sales for a new seven-octave voice emulation implant as follows: Year ………………………….. Unit Sales 1 …………………………………… 71,000 2 …………………………………. 84,000 3 ………………………………… 103,000 4 ……………………………….… 95,000 5 …………………………….…… 64,0

> If Treasury bills are currently paying 4.6 percent and the inflation rate is 1.9 percent, what is the approximate real rate of interest? The exact real rate?

> In the previous problem, suppose the fixed asset actually qualifies for 100 percent bonus depreciation in the first year. What is the new NPV? Problem 34: You have been hired as a consultant for Pristine Urban-Tech Zither, Inc. (PUTZ), manufacturers of

> You have been hired as a consultant for Pristine Urban-Tech Zither, Inc. (PUTZ), manufacturers of fine zithers. The market for zithers is growing quickly. The company bought some land three years ago for $1.9 million in anticipation of using it as a toxi

> In the previous problem, suppose you drive the truck x miles per year. How many miles would you have to drive the car before upgrading the car would be the better choice? Problem 32: Your small remodeling business has two work vehicles. One is a small p

> Your small remodeling business has two work vehicles. One is a small passenger car used for job site visits and for other general business purposes. The other is a heavy truck used to haul equipment. The car gets 25 miles per gallon (mpg). The truck gets

> Before LEDs became a popular replacement for incandescent light bulbs, compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) were hailed as the new generation of lighting. However, CFLs had even more wrinkles. In no particular order: 1. Incandescent bulbs generate a lot more

> The previous two problems suggest that using LEDs is a good idea from a purely financial perspective unless you live in an area where power is relatively inexpensive, but there is another wrinkle. Suppose you have a residence with a lot of incandescent b

> A proposed new investment has projected sales of $515,000. Variable costs are 36 percent of sales, and fixed costs are $173,000; depreciation is $46,000. Prepare a pro forma income statement assuming a tax rate of 21 percent. What is the projected net in

> The previous problem suggests that using LEDs instead of incandescent bulbs is a no-brainer. However, electricity costs actually vary quite a bit depending on location and user type (you can get information on your rates from your local power company). A

> Vandelay Industries is considering the purchase of a new machine for the production of latex. Machine A costs $2.1 million and will last for six years. Variable costs are 35 percent of sales, and fixed costs are $315,000 per year. Machine B costs $4.8 mi

> In the previous problem, suppose you were going to use a three-year MACRS depreciation schedule for your manufacturing equipment and you could keep working capital investments down to only $25,000 per year. How would this new information affect your calc

> Union Local School District has a bond outstanding with a coupon rate of 2.9 percent paid semiannually and 16 years to maturity. The yield to maturity on this bond is 2.7 percent, and the bond has a par value of $5,000. What is the dollar price of the bo

> Consider a project to supply 100 million postage stamps per year to the U.S. Postal Service for the next five years. You have an idle parcel of land available that cost $750,000 five years ago; if the land were sold today, it would net you $1.1 million a

> Suppose in the previous problem that the company always needs a conveyor belt system; when one wears out, it must be replaced. Which project should the firm choose now? Problem 23: Rust Industrial Systems Company is trying to decide between two differe

> Rust Industrial Systems Company is trying to decide between two different conveyor belt systems. System A costs $295,000, has a four-year life, and requires $77,000 in pretax annual operating costs. System B costs $355,000, has a six-year life, and requi

> Eggz, Inc., is considering the purchase of new equipment that will allow the company to collect loose hen feathers for sale. The equipment will cost $525,000 and will be eligible for 100 percent bonus depreciation. The equipment can be sold for $35,000 a

> Tanaka Machine Shop is considering a fouryear project to improve its production efficiency. Buying a new machine press for $445,000 is estimated to result in $160,000 in annual pretax cost savings. The press falls in the MACRS five-year class, and it wil

> Martin Enterprises needs someone to supply it with 110,000 cartons of machine screws per year to support its manufacturing needs over the next five years, and you’ve decided to bid on the contract. It will cost you $940,000 to install the equipment neces

> Winnebagel Corp. currently sells 20,000 motor homes per year at $103,000 each and 14,000 luxury motor coaches per year at $155,000 each. The company wants to introduce a new portable camper to fill out its product line; it hopes to sell 25,000 of these c

> You are evaluating two different silicon wafer milling machines. The Techron I costs $265,000, has a three-year life, and has pretax operating costs of $74,000 per year. The Techron II costs $445,000, has a five-year life, and has pretax operating costs

> A five-year project has an initial fixed asset investment of $345,000, an initial NWC investment of $25,000, and an annual OCF of −$41,000. The fixed asset is fully depreciated over the life of the project and has no salvage value. If the required return

> In the chapter opener, we mentioned Toyota’s decision to invest $13 billion to increase production at five U.S. plants. Toyota apparently felt that it would be better able to compete and create value with U.S-based facilities. Other companies such as Fuj

> Given that Zoom was up by about 250 percent for in the first half of 2020, why didn’t all investors hold this stock?

> A carpet is to be installed in a room of length 9.72 m and width 5.3 m. Find the area of the room retaining the proper number of significant figures.

> For an angle θ measured from the positive x- axis, the values of sin θ and cos θ are always (choose one): (a) greater than +1 (b) less than -1 (c) greater than -1 and less than 1 (d) greater than or equal to -1 and less than or equal to 1 (e) less tha

> A rectangular airstrip measures 32.30 m by 210 m, with the width measured more accurately than the length. Find the area, taking into account significant figures.

> Estimate the number of atoms in 1 cm3 of a solid. (Note that the diameter of an atom is about 10-10 m.)

> The magnitudes of two vectors A( and B( are 12 units and 8 units, respectively. What are the largest and smallest possible values for the magnitude of the resultant vector R( = A( + B( ? (a) 14.4 and 4 (b) 12 and 8 (c) 20 and 4 (d) none of these.

> Which vector has an angle with respect to the positive x- axis that is in the range of the inverse tangent function?

> Newton’s law of universal gravitation is represented by F = G Mm/r2 where F is the gravitational force, M and m are masses, and r is a length. Force has the SI units kg · m/s2. What are the SI units of the proportionality constant G?

> Figure 1.19 shows two vectors lying in the xy- plane. Determine the signs of the x- and y- components of A( , B(, and A( + B(. Figure 1.19

> Kinetic energy KE (Topic 5) has dimensions kg · m2/s2. It can be written in terms of the momentum p (Topic 6) and mass m as KE = p2/2m (a) Determine the proper units for momentum using dimensional analysis. (b) Refer to Problem 5. Given the units of for

> Each of the following equations was given by a student during an examination: (a) (b) υ = υ o + at2 (c) ma = υ 2 Do a dimensional analysis of each equation and explain why the equation can’t be corr

> (a) Suppose the displacement of an object is related to time according to the expression x  Bt2 What are the dimensions of B? (b) A displacement is related to time as x = A sin (2ft), where A and f are constants. Find the dimensions of A. Hint: A tri

> Carry out the following arithmetic operations: (a) the sum of the measured values 756, 37.2, 0.83, and 2.5 (b) the product 0.003 2 x 356.3 (c) the product 5.620 x π.

> The radius of a circle is measured to be (10.5 ± 0.2) m. Calculate (a) the area and (b) the circumference of the circle, and give the uncertainty in each value.

> The speed of light is now defined to be 2.997 924 58 x 108 m/s. Express the speed of light to (a) Three significant figures, (b) Five significant figures, and (c) Seven significant figures.

> Use your calculator to determine (√8)3 to three significant figures in two ways: (a) Find √8 to four significant figures; then cube this number and round to three significant figures. (b) Find √8 to three significant figures; then cube this number and

> Use the rules for significant figures to find the answer to the addition problem 21.4 + 15 + 17.17 + 4.003.

> A certain corner of a room is selected as the origin of a rectangular coordinate system. If a fly is crawling on an adjacent wall at a point having coordinates (2.0, 1.0), where the units are meters, what is the distance of the fly from the corner of the

> An object with a mass of 1 kg weighs approximately 2 lb. Use this information to estimate the mass of the following objects: (a) a baseball (b) your physics textbook (c) a pickup truck.

> A point is located in a polar coordinate system by the coordinates r = 2.5 m and θ = 35°. Find the x- and y- coordinates of this point, assuming that the two coordinate systems have the same origin.

> A study from the National Institutes of Health states that the human body contains trillions of microorganisms that make up 1% to 3% of the body’s mass. Use this information to estimate the average mass of the body’s approximately 100 trillion microorgan

> An automobile tire is rated to last for 50000 miles. Estimate the number of revolutions the tire will make in its lifetime.

> Treat a cell in a human as a sphere of radius 1.0 mm. (a) Determine the volume of a cell. (b) Estimate the volume of your body. (c) Estimate the number of cells in your body.

> The habitable part of Earth’s surface has been estimated to cover 60 trillion square meters. Estimate the percent of this area occupied by humans if Earth’s current population stood packed together as people do in a crowded elevator.

> Estimate the number of people in the world who are suffering from the common cold on any given day. (Answers may vary. Remember that a person suffers from a cold for about a week.)

> Estimate the number of breaths taken by a human being during an average lifetime.

> Estimate the number of steps you would have to take to walk a distance equal to the circumference of the Earth.

> A quart container of ice cream is to be made in the form of a cube. What should be the length of a side, in centimeters? (Use the conversion 1 gallon 5 3.786 liter.)

> The base of a pyramid covers an area of 13.0 acres (1 acre 43560 ft2) and has a height of 481 ft (Fig. P1.30). If the volume of a pyramid is given by the expression V = bh/3, where b is the area of the base and h is the height, find the volume of this py

> A shape that covers an area A and has a uniform height h has a volume V = Ah. (a) Show that V = Ah is dimensionally correct. (b) Show that the volumes of a cylinder and of a rectangular box can be written in the form V = Ah, identifying A in each case.

> The amount of water in reservoirs is often measured in acre-ft. One acre-ft is a volume that covers an area of one acre to a depth of one foot. An acre is 43560 ft2. Find the volume in SI units of a reservoir containing 25.0 acre-ft of water.

> A house is 50.0 ft long and 26 ft wide and has 8.0-ft-high ceilings. What is the volume of the interior of the house in cubic meters and in cubic centimeters?

> The speed of light is about 3.00 x 108 m/s. Convert this figure to miles per hour.

> Suppose your hair grows at the rate of 1/32 inch per day. Find the rate at which it grows in nanometers per second. Because the distance between atoms in a molecule is on the order of 0.1 nm, your answer suggests how rapidly atoms are assembled in this p

> The diameter of a sphere is measured to be 5.36 in. Find (a) The radius of the sphere in centimeters (b) The surface area of the sphere in square centimeters, and (c) The volume of the sphere in cubic centimeters.

> A certain car has a fuel efficiency of 25.0 miles per gallon (mi/gal). Express this efficiency in kilometers per liter (km/L).

> A car is traveling at a speed of 38.0 m/s on an interstate highway where the speed limit is 75.0 mi/h. Is the driver exceeding the speed limit? Justify your answer.

> Find the height or length of these natural wonders in kilometers, meters, and centimeters: (a) The longest cave system in the world is the Mammoth Cave system in Central Kentucky, with a mapped length of 348 miles. (b) In the United States, the waterfall

> A firkin is an old British unit of volume equal to 9 gallons. How many cubic meters are there in 6.00 firkins?

> A small turtle moves at a speed of 186 furlongs per fortnight. Find the speed of the turtle in centimeters per second. Note that 1 furlong = 220 yards and 1 fortnight = 14 days.

> What types of natural phenomena could serve as time standards?

> A fathom is a unit of length, usually reserved for measuring the depth of water. A fathom is approximately 6ft in length. Take the distance from Earth to the Moon to be 250,000 miles and use the given approximation to find the distance in fathoms.

> A house is advertised as having 1420 square feet under roof. What is the area of this house in square meters?

> The Roman cubitus is an ancient unit of measure equivalent to about 0.445 m. Convert the 2.00-m height of a basketball forward to cubiti.

> Under what circumstances would a vector have components that are equal in magnitude?

> The edges of a shoebox are measured to be 11.4 cm, 17.8 cm, and 29 cm. Determine the volume of the box retaining the proper number of significant figures in your answer.

> Two different measuring devices are used by students to measure the length of a metal rod. Students using the first device report its length as 0.5 m, while those using the second report 0.502 m. Can both answers be correct (choose one)? (a) Yes, because

> A rectangle has a length of (2.0 ± 0.2) m and a width of (1.5 ± 0.1) m. Calculate (a) the area and (b) the perimeter of the rectangle and give the uncertainty in each value.

> Suppose two quantities, A and B, have different dimensions. Determine which of the following arithmetic operations could be physically meaningful. (a) A + B (b) B - A (c) A - B (d) A/B (e) AB

> How many significant figures are there in (a) 78.9 ± 0.2 (b) 3.788 x 109 (c) 2.46 x 1026 (d) 0.003 2