Question: Is the contribution margin ratio of a

> Why should companies estimate the environmental costs of a given job? Why have EPR (extended producer responsibility) laws come into existence?

> Would a job-order costing system or a process costing system be used for this production process? Give specific reasons for your choice of which costing system would be most appropriate for this manufacturer.

> Describe the jobs of the workers who would be considered “indirect labor” in the making of this product.

> Describe the jobs of the workers who would be considered “direct labor” in the making of this product

> What indirect materials are used to make this product?

> What raw materials are used to make this product?

> Describe the product that is being produced and the company that makes it

> Define manufacturing overhead. In addition to the indirect materials and indirect labor previously described, what other manufacturing overhead costs would be incurred in this production process? Be specific and thorough. Make reasonable “guesses” if yo

> What skills do employers value highly? What does that tell you about “what accountants do” at their companies?

> Summarize the production process that is used in making this product.

> List and describe the four perspectives found on a balanced scorecard. For each perspective, list at least two examples of KPIs that might be used to measure performance on that perspective.

> List the segments as reported in the annual report. Make a table listing each operating segment, its revenues, income, and assets.

> Use the data you collected in Requirement 2 to calculate each segment’s capital turnover. Interpret your results.

> The rules for how segments should be presented in the annual report are governed by external financial accounting rules. The information you gathered for the previous requirements would be used by investors and other external stakeholders in their analys

> What are financial budgets? List at least three financial budgets

> What are operating budgets? List at least four operating budgets.

> What is a budget committee? What is the budget committee’s role in the budgeting process?

> Describe the process for developing a budget.

> Describe the difference between an operating budget and a capital expenditures budget.

> List at least four reasons why a company would use budgeting.

> Describe the product that is being produced and the company that produces it.

> “The sales budget is the most important budget.” Do you agree or disagree? Explain your answer.

> Why might a company want to state environmental goals for increased sustainability in its budgets? Explain.

> How does the master budget for a service company differ from a master budget for a manufacturing company? Which (if any) operating budgets differ and how, specifically, do they differ? Which (if any) financial budgets differ and how, specifically, do the

> Give an example of a sustainable practice that would affect a company’s budget. How might this sustainable practice, if adopted, impact the company’s budget in both the short-term and in the long-term?

> Compare and contrast “participative budgeting” with “top-down” budgeting.

> Describe your product. What is your cost of this product? What size (quantity) will you purchase? At what price will you sell your repackaged product? Make projections of your sales in units in each of the upcoming three months.

> Prepare a budgeted income statement that reflects the budgets you prepared, including the sales budget, direct materials budget, direct labor budget, and the operating expenses budget. This budgeted income statement should include one column for each of

> Think about any other expenses you are likely to have (i.e., booth rental at a flea market or a vendor license). Prepare the operating expenses budget for each of the upcoming three months.

> Prepare a direct labor budget (for your labor) for each of the upcoming three months.

> Prepare the direct material budgets for the upcoming three months, assuming that you need to keep 10% of the direct materials needed for next month’s sales on hand at the end of each month (this requirement is why you needed to estimate unit sales for fo

> List a direct cost and an indirect cost for each of the three different cost objects in question 5. • Advertising • Internal control • Environmental sustainability

> Prepare a sales budget for each of the upcoming three months.

> Estimate how many hours you will spend in each of the upcoming three months doing the purchasing, repackaging, and selling. Select a reasonable wage rate for yourself. What will your total labor costs be in each of the upcoming three months?

> Do an Internet search on the terms carbon offset and carbon footprint. What is a carbon footprint? What is a carbon offset? Why would carbon offsets be of interest to a company? What are some companies that offer (sell) carbon offsets?

> How can “make-or-buy” concepts be applied to decisions at a service organization? What types of make-or-buy decisions might a service organization face?

> What is the difference between segment margin and contribution margin? When would each be used?

> Why could a manager be justified in ignoring fixed costs when making a decision about a special order? When would fixed costs be relevant when making a decision about a special order?

> What undesirable result can arise from allocating common fixed costs to product lines?

> What is an opportunity cost? List possible opportunity costs associated with a make-or-buy decision.

> A beverage company is considering whether to discontinue its line of grape soda. What factors will affect the company’s decision? What is a qualitative factor? Which of the factors you listed are qualitative?

> A computer manufacturer is considering outsourcing its technical support call center to India. Its current technical support call center is located in Dellroy, Ohio. The current call center is one of the top employers in Dellroy and employs about 10% of

> How can what is taught in managerial accounting help you in other careers other than accounting?

> List the qualitative factors that could influence the company’s decision of whether or not to outsource this business operation. Again, you need to make reasonable guesses about the qualitative factors that might influence the company’s decision to outso

> List the revenues and costs that might be impacted by this outsourcing decision. The article will not list many, if any, of these revenues and costs; you should make reasonable guesses about what revenues and/or costs would be associated with the busines

> Why did the company decide to outsource (or is considering outsourcing)?

> Describe the company that is making the decision to outsource. What area of the business is the company looking to outsource, or did it already outsource?

> How can CVP techniques be used in supporting a company’s sustainability efforts? Conversely, how might CVP be a barrier to sustainability efforts?

> Rondell Pharmacy is considering switching to the use of robots to fill prescriptions that consist of oral solids or medications in pill form. The robots will assist the human pharma- cists and will reduce the number of human pharmacy workers needed. This

> Why is it necessary to calculate a weighted-average contribution margin ratio for a multi- product company when calculating the breakeven point for that company? Why can’t all of the products’ contribution margin ratios just be added together and average

> What conditions must be met for cost-volume-profit analysis to be accurate?

> “Breakeven analysis isn’t very useful to a company because companies need to do more than break even to survive in the long run.” Explain why you agree or disagree with this statement.

> Why is managerial accounting more suitable for internal reporting than for financial accounting?

> The purchasing manager for Rockwell Hall Bags has been able to purchase the material for its signature handbags for $9 less per bag than in the prior year. Keeping everything else the same, what effect would this reduction in material cost have on the br

> Define breakeven point. Why is the breakeven point important to managers?

> Describe three ways that cost-volume-profit concepts could be used by a service organization.

> Describe four different ways cost-volume-profit analysis could be useful to management.

> Alston Jewelry had sales revenues last year of $2.4 million, while its breakeven point (in dollars) was $2.2 million. What was Alston Jewelry’s margin of safety in dollars? What does the term margin of safety mean? What can you discern about Alston Jewel

> Now decide how much you would like to make in before-tax operating income (target profit) in each of the upcoming five years. Calculate how many units you would need to sell in each of the upcoming years to meet these target profit levels.

> Calculate the margin of safety in units for each of the five years in your projection.

> Calculate how many units of your product you will need to sell to break even in each of the five years you have projected.

> Now classify all of the expenses you have listed as being either fixed or variable. For mixed expenses, separate the expense into the fixed component and the variable component.

> Make a list of all of the equipment you will need to make your product. Estimate the cost of each piece of equipment that you will need.

> What business trends are influencing managerial accounting today? How do these trends impact management accountants’ roles in the organization?

> What are the three main areas of management’s responsibility? How are these three areas interrelated? How does managerial accounting support each of the responsibility areas of managers?

> Mirage Investments Corp. (MIC) planned a tender offer for the shares of Gulf States International Corp. (GSIC). Archer, an officer of MIC, placed purchase orders for GSIC stock through the New York office of the Bahamian Bank (BB) prior to the announce-

> The Greenwich Bank & Trust Co. (GB&T) opened in 1998 and by 2008 had expanded to a total of four branches in the Greenwich, Connecticut, community of 62,000 residents. A competitor using the name Bank of Greenwich (BOG) opened in December 2006. GB&T ’ s

> Mrs. Downing was fitted for dentures by a dentist, Dr. Cook. After she received her dentures, Mrs. Downing began experiencing mouth pain that she attributed to Dr. Cook’s manufacture of dentures that did not fit her properly. Mrs. Downing filed suit agai

> Power & Telephone Supply Company (PTSC) put together a PowerPoint presentation for Dumont Telephone Company that showed the “ head-end ” system — a new phone system that would provide Dumont ’ s customers with new video features that Dumont was not curre

> Thomas Bell, a minor, went to work in the Pitts- burgh beauty parlor of Sam Pankas and agreed that when he left the employment, he would not work in or run a beauty parlor business within a 10-mile radius of downtown Pittsburgh for a period of two years.

> R-P Packaging manufactured cellophane wrapping material that was used by Kern ’ s Bakery in packaging its product. Kern ’ s decided to change its system for packaging cookies from a tied bread bag to a tray covered with printed cellophane wrapping. R-P t

> Bakker Brothers of Idaho agreed to buy Charles E. Graff ’ s 1989 onion seed crop. The contract required that the onion seeds have an 85 percent germination rate. Despite careful testing and advice from experts, Bakker Brothers could not get a germination

> Future Tech International, Inc., is a buyer and distributor of Samsung monitors and other computer products. In 1993, Future Tech determined that brand loyalty was important to customers, and it sought to market its own brand of computer pro- ducts. Futu

> Coppola, who collected coins, joined a coin club, First Coinvestors, Inc. The club would send coins to its members, who were to pay for them or return them within 10 days. What was the nature of the transaction? [First Coinvestors, Inc. v. Coppola, 388 N

> Willis Music Co. advertised a television set at $22.50 in the Sunday newspaper. Ehrlich ordered a set, but the company refused to deliver it on the grounds that the price in the newspaper ad was a mistake. Ehrlich sued the company. Was it liable? Why or

> Field executed a will. On her death, the will was found in her safe deposit box, but the part of it containing the fifth bequest had been torn from the will. This torn fragment was also found in the box. There was no evidence that anyone other than Field

> Using a bad check, B purchased a used automobile from a dealer. B then took the automobile to an auction at which the automobile was sold to a party who had no knowledge of its history. When B’s check was dishonored, the dealer brought suit against the p

> Paden signed an agreement dated May 28 to purchase the Murrays’ home. The Murrays accepted Paden’s offer the following day, and the sale closed on June 27. Paden and his family moved into the home on July 14, 1997. Paden had the home inspected prior to c

> Hicks, the president and manager of Intermountain Merchandising, wanted to sell the business to Montana Merchandising, Inc. To provide a basis for the transaction, he retained Bloomgren, an accountant, to conduct an audit of Intermountain. Bloomgren knew

> Around June 2005, PPI purchased three pallets of computer wafers from Omneon Video Graphics. PPI requested that Omneon ship the wafers directly to the City University of New York, the end purchaser of the goods. Omneon and PPI agreed that Omneon would sh

> D drew a check to the order of P. P took the check postdated. P knew that D was having financial difficulties and that the particular checking account on which this check was drawn had been frequently overdrawn. Do these circumstances prevent P from bein

> United Overseas, Ltd. (UOL), is a U.K. firm that purchases and sells manufacturers’ closeouts in Europe and the Middle East. UOL’s representative, Jay Knox, used stationery listing a UOL office in New York to solicit business from Revlon, Inc., in New Yo

> Cable News Network with its principal place of business in Atlanta, Georgia, is the owner of the trademark CNN in connection with providing news and information services to people worldwide through cable and satellite television networks, Web sites, and

> Suzanne Andres was injured when she fell from the balcony of her second-floor apartment in the Roswell-Windsor Village Apartments. Andres was leaning against the railing on the balcony when it gave out, and she and the railing fell to the ground. Andres

> CVS Pharmacy, Inc., entered into a contract with Dan Cake, a company in Portugal, for Dan Cake to ship tins of cookies for sale at CVS pharmacies. The cookies were originally supposed to be delivered on or before September 7, 2007. There were several del

> John C. Clark, using the alias Thomas Pecora, rented a 1994 Lexus from Alamo Rent-A-Car on December 21, 1994. Clark did not return the car and, using falsified signatures, obtained a California so-called quick title. Clark advertised the car for sale in

> Schock, the buyer, negotiated to purchase a mobile home that was owned by and located on the sellers ’ property. On April 15, 1985, Schock appeared at the Ronderos ’ (the sellers ’ ) home and paid them the agreed-on purchase price of $3,900. Shock receiv

> Brown Sales ordered goods from Eberhard Manufacturing Co. The contract contained no agreement about who would bear the risk of loss. There were no shipping terms. The seller placed the goods on board a common carrier with instructions to deliver the good

> Click2Boost, Inc. (C2B), entered into an Internet marketing agreement with the New York Times (NYT) on May 10, 2002, for C2B to solicit sub- scribers for home delivery of the New York Times newspaper through “ pop up ads ” at Internet Web sites with wh

> Triple H Construction Co. contracted with Hunter ’ s Run Stables, Inc., to erect a horse barn and riding arena on Hunter ’ sRun ’ s property in Big Flats, New York. Hunter ’ s Run got a guarantee in its contract with Triple H that “ such design with the

> Omni Trading issued two checks totaling $75,000 to Country Grain Elevators for grain it had purchased. Country Grain indorsed the checks over to the law firm of Carter & Grimsley as a retainer. Country Grain then collapsed as a business, and Omni stopped

> Logsdon, who had three children, disliked one of them without any reason. In his will, he left only a small amount to the child he disliked and gave the bulk of his estate to the remaining two. On his death, the disliked child claimed that the will was v

> McGladrey conducted a financial audit of Subspecialty Centers of America, LLC (SCA). SCA is owned by Dr. Mark S. Weinberger, an ear, nose, and throat surgeon. The audit was for the year ending December 31, 2003. McGladrey issued its audit report in March

> Flora Hall went to Rent-A-Center in Milwaukee and signed an agreement to make monthly payments of $77.96 for 19 months in exchange for Rent- A-Center ’ s allowing her to have a Rent-A-Center washer and dryer in her home. In addition, the agreement requir

> U.S. Surgical manufactures medical surgical instruments and markets the instruments to hospitals. The packaging for U.S. Surgical ’ s disposable medical instruments is labeled “ for single use only. ” As an example, one label contains the following langu

> REMC furnished electricity to Helvey ’ s home. The voltage furnished was in excess of 135 volts and caused extensive damage to his 110-volt household appliances. Helvey sued REMC for breach of warranty. Helvey argued that providing electrical energy is n

> Charles leased a house from Donald for four years. The rent agreed on was $850 per month. After two years, Charles assigned his rights under the lease to Smith, who moved in and paid rent regularly for a year. Owing rent, Smith moved out sometime later w

> Elliot, an officer of Impact Marketing, drew six postdated checks on Impact’s account. The checks were payable to Bell for legal services to be subsequently performed for Impact. Financial Associates purchased them from Bell and collected on four of the

> LTV Aerospace Corp. manufactured all-terrain vehicles for use in Southeast Asia. LTV made an oral contract with Bateman under which Bateman would supply the packing cases needed for the vehicles ’ overseas shipment. Bateman made substantial beginnings in

> Valley Trout Farms ordered fish food from Rangen. Both parties were merchants. The invoice that was sent with the order stated that a specified charge — a percentage common in the industry — would be added to any unpaid bills. Valley Trout Farms did not