Question: Mark and Pamela are equal partners in

> High Corporation incorporates on May 1 and begins business on May 10 of the current year. What alternative tax years can High elect to report its initial year’s income?

> What items are considered to be property for purposes of Sec. 351(a)? What items are not considered to be property?

> The Chief Executive Officer of a client of your public accounting firm saw the following advertisement in a financial newspaper: DONATIONS WANTED The Center for Restoration of Waters A Nonprofit Research and Educational Organization Needs Donations—Auto

> Susan Smith accepted a new corporate client, Winter Park Corporation. One of Susan’s tax managers conducted a review of Winter Park’s prior year tax returns. The review revealed that an NOL for a prior tax year was incorrectly computed, resulting in an o

> Marquette Corporation, a tax client since its creation three years ago, has requested that you prepare a memorandum explaining its estimated tax requirements for the current year. The corporation is in the fabricated steel business. Its earnings have bee

> Jackson Corporation prepared the following book income statement for its year ended December 31, 2017: • For tax: Seven-year MACRS property for which the corporation made no Sec. 179 election in the acquisition year and elected out

> Six years ago, Leticia, Monica, and Nathaniel organized Lemona Corporation to develop and sell computer software. Each individual contributed $10,000 to Lemona in exchange for 1,000 shares of Lemona stock (for a total of 3,000 shares issued and outstandi

> John plans to transfer the assets and liabilities of his business to Newco in exchange for all of Newco’s stock. The assets have a $250,000 basis and an $800,000 FMV. John also plans to transfer $475,000 of business related liabilities to Newco. Under Se

> Your clients, Lisa and Matthew, are planning to form Lima Corporation. Lisa will contribute $50,000 cash to Lima for 50 shares of its stock. Matthew will contribute land having a $35,000 adjusted basis and a $50,000 FMV for 50 shares of Lima stock. Lima

> In an exchange qualifying for Sec. 351 tax-free treatment, Greta receives 100 shares of White Corporation stock plus a right to receive another 25 shares. The right is contingent on the valuation of a patent contributed by Greta. Because the patent licen

> Bob and Carl transfer property to Stone Corporation for 90% and 10% of Stone stock, respectively. Pursuant to a binding agreement concluded before the transfer, Bob sells half of his stock to Carl. Prepare a memorandum for your tax manager explaining why

> Anne and Michael own and operate a successful mattress business. They have decided to take the business public. They contribute all the assets of the business to newly formed Spring Corporation each in exchange for 20% of the stock. The remaining 60% is

> What are the tax consequences for the transferor and transferee when property is transferred to a newly created corporation in an exchange qualifying as nontaxable under Sec. 351?

> Eric Wright conducts a dry cleaning business as a sole proprietorship. The business operates in a building that Eric owns. Last year, Eric mortgaged for $150,000 the building and the land on which the building sits. He used the money for a down payment o

> Bob Jones has a small repair shop that he has run for several years as a sole proprietorship. The proprietorship uses the cash method of accounting and the calendar year as its tax year. Bob needs additional capital for expansion and knows two people who

> Assume the same facts as in Problem C:2-57. a. Given the nursery’s operating prospects, what business forms might Paula and Mary consider and why? b. In light of their proposed use of debt and equity, how might Paula and Mary structure a partnership to

> Paula Green owns and operates the Green Thumb Nursery as a sole proprietorship. The business has total assets with a $260,000 adjusted basis and a $500,000 FMV. Paula wants to expand into the landscaping business. She views this expansion as risky and th

> Assume the same facts as in Problem C:2-55. a. Under what circumstances is the tax result in Problem C:2-55 beneficial, and for which shareholders? Are the shareholders likely to be pleased with the result? b. If the shareholders decide that meeting th

> Ed and Fay together own 100% of the common stock of an existing corporation. On January 2 of the current year, they made the following additional transfers to the corporation, which qualify under Sec. 351. Ed transferred equipment (having a $55,000 FMV a

> On March 1 of the current year, Alice, Bob, Carla, and Dick form Bear Corporation and transfer the following items: Alice purchased the land and building several years ago for $12,000 and $50,000, respectively. Alice has claimed straight-line depreciatio

> Six years ago, Donna purchased land as an investment. The land cost $150,000 and is now worth $480,000. Donna plans to transfer the land to Development Corporation, which will subdivide it and sell individual tracts. Development’s income on the land sale

> What entities or business forms are available for a new enterprise? Explain the advantages and disadvantages of each.

> Sarah and Rex formed SR Entity on December 28 of last year. The entity operates on a calendar tax year. Each individual contributed $800,000 cash in exchange for a 50% ownership interest in the entity (common stock if a corporation; partnership interest

> The following advertisement appeared in a financial journal: $17 MILLION CASH WITH ADDITIONAL CASH AVAILABLE $105 MM TAX LOSS GOOD THROUGH 2031 CAPITAL GROUP, INC. NASDAQ listed w/300 shareholders WANTS TO ACQUIRE COMPANY with Net Before Tax Audited Earn

> Alice, Beth, and Carl formed the ABC Partnership early in Year 1. Alice and Beth each contributed $100,000 for their partnership interests, and Carl contributed land having a $100,000 FMV and $160,000 adjusted basis. The land remained a capital asset to

> Almost two years ago, the DEF Partnership was formed when Demetrius, Ebony, and Farouk each contributed $100,000 in cash. They are equal general partners in the real estate partnership, which has a December 31 year-end. The partnership uses the accrual m

> Your clients, Lisa and Matthew, plan to form Lima General Partnership. Lisa will contribute $50,000 cash to Lima for a 50% interest in capital and profits. Matthew will contribute land having a $35,000 adjusted basis and a $50,000 FMV to Lima for the rem

> Caitlin and Wally formed the C & W Partnership on September 20, 2017. Caitlin contributed cash of $195,000, and Wally contributed office furniture with a FMV of $66,000. He bought the furniture for $60,000 on January 5, 2017, and placed it in service on

> Assume the same facts as in Problem C:2-51 except that Lois gave the Water stock to her daughter, Sue, six months after she received it. The stock had a $120,000 FMV when Lois acquired it and when she made the gift. Sue sold the stock two years later for

> Dad gives Son a 20% capital and profits interest in the Family Partnership. Dad holds a 70% interest, and Fred, an unrelated individual, holds a 10% interest. Dad and Fred work in the partnership, but Son does not. Dad and Fred receive reasonable compens

> Pam and Susan own the PS Partnership. Pam takes care of daily operations and receives a guaranteed payment for her efforts. What amount and character of income will each partner report in each of the following independent situations? a. The PS Partnersh

> Allen and Bob are equal partners in the AB Partnership. Bob manages the business and receives a guaranteed payment. What amount and character of income will Allen and Bob report in each of the following independent situations? a. The AB Partnership earn

> Kara owns 35% of the KLM Partnership and 45% of the KTV Partnership. Lynn owns 20% of KLM and 3% of KTV. Maura, Kara’s daughter, owns 15% of KTV. No other partners own an interest in both partnerships or are related to other partners. The KTV Partnership

> Susan, Steve, and Sandy own 15%, 35%, and 50%, respectively, in the SSS Partnership. Susan sells securities for their $40,000 FMV to the partnership. What are the tax implications of the following independent situations? a. Susan’s basis in the securiti

> At the beginning of year 1, Ed and Fran each contributed $1,000 cash to EF Partnership as equal partners. The partnership immediately borrowed $98,000 on a nonrecourse basis and used the contributed cash and loan proceeds to purchase equipment costing $1

> Kate, Chad, and Stan are partners in the KCS Partnership, which operates a manufacturing business. The partners formed the partnership ten years ago with Kate and Chad each as general partners having a 40% capital and profits interest. Kate materially pa

> Eve and Tom own 40% and 60%, respectively, of the ET Partnership, which manufactures clocks. The partnership is a limited partnership, and Eve is the only general partner. She works full-time in the business. Tom essentially is an investor in the firm an

> Mary and Gary are partners in the MG Partnership. Mary owns a 40% capital, profits, and loss interest. Gary owns the remaining interest. Both materially participate in partnership activities. At the beginning of the current year, MG’s only liabilities ar

> The KC Partnership is a general partnership that manufactures widgets. The partnership uses a calendar year as its tax year and has two equal partners, Kerry and City Corporation, a widely held corporation. On January 1 of the current year, Kerry and Cit

> Lois, who is single, transfers property with an $80,000 basis and a $120,000 FMV to Water Corporation in exchange for all 100 shares of Water stock. The shares qualify as Sec. 1244 stock. Two years later, Lois sells the shares for $28,000. a. What are t

> Debate the following proposition: All corporate formation transactions should be taxable events.

> Tina purchases an interest in the TP Partnership on January 1 of the current year for $50,000. The partnership uses the calendar year as its tax year and has $200,000 in recourse liabilities when Tina acquires her interest. The partners share economic ri

> Yong received a 40% general partnership interest in the XYZ Partnership in each of the independent situations below. In each situation, assume the general partners share the economic risk of loss related to recourse liabilities according to their partner

> What is Kelly’s basis for her partnership interest in each of the following independent situations? The partners share the economic risk of loss from recourse liabilities according to their partnership interests. a. Kelly receives her 20% partnership in

> Diane and Ed have equal capital and profits interests in the DE Partnership, and they share the economic risk of loss from recourse liabilities according to their partnership interests. In addition, Diane has a special allocation of all depreciation on b

> Clark sold securities for a $50,000 short-term capital loss during the current year, but he has no personal capital gains to recognize. The C&L General Partnership, in which Clark has a 50% capital, profits, and loss interest, reported a $60,000 shor

> Refer to Example C:9-25 in the text. Provide computations showing that the partners’ total tax liability under the special allocation is less than their total liability under an equal allocation of the two types of interest income.

> On January of the current year, Becky (20%), Chuck (30%), and Dawn (50%) are partners in the BCD Partnership. During the current year, BCD reports the following results. All items occur evenly throughout the year unless otherwise indicated. Assume the cu

> Jim, Liz, and Keith are equal partners in the JLK Partnership, which uses the accrual method of accounting. All three materially participate in the business. JLK reports financial accounting income of $186,000 for the current year. The partnership used t

> The BCD Partnership is formed in April of the current year. The three equal partners, Boris, Carlton Corporation, and Damien have had tax years ending on December 31, August 30, and December 31, respectively, for the last three years. The BCD Partnership

> Duck Corporation is owned equally by Harry, Susan, and Big Corporation. Harry and Susan are single. Eight years ago, Harry, Tom, and Big, the original investors in Duck, each paid $125,000 for their Duck stock. Susan purchased her stock from Tom five yea

> The BCD Partnership is being formed by three equal partners, Beta Corporation, Chi Corporation, and Delta Corporation. The partners’ tax year-ends are June 30 for Beta, September 30 for Chi, and October 31 for Delta. The BCD Partnership’s natural busines

> Marjorie works for a large firm whose business is to find suitable real estate, establish a limited partnership to purchase the property, and then sell the limited partnership interests. In the current year, Marjorie received a 5% limited partnership int

> Sean is admitted to the calendar year XYZ Partnership on December 1 of the current year in return for his services managing the partnership’s business during the year. The partnership reports ordinary income of $100,000 for the current year without consi

> On January 1, Julie, Kay, and Susan formed a partnership. The contributions of the three individuals are listed below. Julie received a 30% partnership interest, Kay received a 60% partnership interest, and Susan received a 10% partnership interest. They

> On May 31, six brothers decided to form the Grimm Brothers Partnership to publish and print children’s stories. The contributions of the brothers and their partnership interests are listed below. They share the economic risk of loss fro

> At the beginning of the current year, Able and Baker formed the AB Partnership by transferring cash and property to the partnership in exchange for a partnership interest, with each having a 50% interest. Specifically, Able transferred property having a

> Suzanne and Bob form the SB General Partnership as equal partners. They make the following contributions: The SB Partnership assumes the $80,000 recourse mortgage on the building that Bob contributes, and the partners share the economic risk of loss on

> Steve wishes to pass his business on to his children, Tracy and Vicki, and gives each daughter a 20% partnership interest to begin getting them involved. Steve retains the remaining 60% interest. Neither daughter is employed by the partnership, which buy

> Bob and Kate form the BK Partnership, a general partnership, as equal partners. Bob contributes an office building with a $130,000 FMV and a $95,000 adjusted basis to the partnership along with a $60,000 mortgage, which the partnership assumes. Kate cont

> Daniel has no family to inherit his 80% capital and profits interest in the CD Partnership. To ensure the continuation of the business, he gives a 20% capital and profits interest in the partnership to David, his best friend’s son, on the condition that

> Tom and Vicki are married and file a joint income tax return. They each purchase 50% of the stock in Guest Corporation from Al for $75,000. Tom is employed full-time by Guest and earns $100,000 in annual salary. Because of Guest’s financial difficulties,

> Katie works 40 hours a week as a clerk in the mall and earns $20,000. In addition, she works five hours each week in the JKL Partnership’s office. Katie, a 10% limited partner in the JKL Partnership, has been allocated a $2,100 loss from the partnership

> George, a limited partner in the EFG Partnership, has a 20% interest in partnership capital, profits, and losses. His basis in the partnership interest is $15,000 before accounting for events of the current year. In December of the current year, the EFG

> Cara, a CPA, established an accounting system for the ABC Partnership and, in return for her services, received a 10% profits interest (but no capital interest) in the partnership. Her usual fee for the services would be approximately $20,000. No sales o

> Suzanne and Laura form a partnership to market local crafts. In April, the two women spent $1,600 searching for a retail outlet, $1,200 to have a partnership agreement drawn up, and $2,000 to have an accounting system established. During April, they sign

> Helen, a 55% partner in the ABC Partnership, owns land (a capital asset) having a $20,000 basis and a $25,000 FMV. She plans to transfer the land to the ABC Partnership, which will subdivide the land and sell the lots. Discuss whether Helen should sell o

> Jeff, a 10% limited partner in the recently formed JRS Partnership, expects to have losses from the partnership for several more years. He is considering purchasing an interest in a profitable general partnership in which he will materially participate.

> Is the Sec. 704(d) loss limitation rule more or less restrictive than the at-risk rules? Explain.

> Can a recourse debt of a partnership increase the basis of a limited partner’s partnership interest? Explain.

> The BW Partnership reported the following current year earnings: $30,000 interest from tax exempt bonds, $50,000 long-term capital gain, and $100,000 net income from operations. Bob saw these numbers and told his partner, Wendy, that the partnership had

> Jane contributes valuable property to a partnership in exchange for a general partnership interest. The partnership also assumes the recourse mortgage Jane incurred when she purchased the property two years ago. a. How will the liability affect the amou

> Kobe transfers $500,000 in cash to newly formed Bryant Corporation for 100% of Bryant’s stock. In the first year of operations, Bryant’s taxable income before any payments to Kobe is $120,000. What total amount of taxable income must Kobe and Bryant each

> An existing partner wants to contribute property having a basis less than its FMV for an additional interest in a partnership. a. Should he contribute the property to the partnership? b. What are his other options? c. Explain the tax implications for

> Doug contributes services but no property to the CD Partnership upon its formation. What are the tax implications of his receiving only a profits interest versus his receiving a capital and profits interest?

> Sam wants to help his brother, Lou, start a new business. Lou is a capable auto mechanic but has little business sense, so he needs Sam to help him make business decisions. Should this partnership be arranged as a general partnership or a limited partner

> Bob and Carol want to open a bed and breakfast inn as soon as they buy and renovate a turn-of the-century home. What would be the major disadvantage of using a general partnership rather than a corporation for this business? Should they consider any othe

> P Corporation acquires all of S Corporation’s stock at the beginning of the current year in a transaction that qualifies as a Sec. 382 ownership change. P and S elect to file a consolidated tax return for the current year. At the time of the acquisition,

> The TUV Partnership is considering two compensation schemes for Tracy, the partner who runs the business on a daily basis. Tracy can be given a $10,000 guaranteed payment, or she can be given a comparably larger distributive share (and distribution) so t

> Andrew gives his brother Steve a 20% interest in the AS Partnership, and he retains a 30% interest. Andrew works for the partnership but is not paid. How will this arrangement affect the income from the AS Partnership that Andrew and Steve report?

> Roy’s father gives him a capital interest in the Family Partnership. Discuss whether the Sec. 704(e) family partnership rules apply to this interest.

> The ABC Partnership has a nonrecourse liability that it incurred by borrowing from an unrelated bank. It is secured by an apartment building owned and managed by the partnership. The liability is not convertible into an equity interest. How does this lia

> How will a partner’s distributive share be determined if the partner sells one-half of his or her beginning-of-the-year partnership interest at the beginning of the tenth month of the partnership’s tax year?

> The City of Omaha donates land worth $500,000 to Ace Corporation to induce it to locate in Omaha and create an estimated 2,000 jobs for its citizens. a. How much income, if any, must Ace report on the land contribution? b. What basis does Ace take in t

> Which of the following items can be deducted (up to $5,000) and amortized as part of a partnership’s organizational expenditures? a. Legal fees for drawing up the partnership agreement b. Accounting fees for establishing an accounting system c. Fees f

> Rick has a $50,000 basis in the RKS General Partnership on January 1 of the current year, and he owns no other investments. He has a 20% capital interest, a 30% profits interest, and a 40% loss interest in the partnership. Rick does not work in the partn

> Charles and Mary formed CM Partnership on January 1 of the current year. Charles contributed Inventory A with a $100,000 FMV and a $70,000 adjusted basis for a 40% interest, and Mary contributed $150,000 cash for a 60% interest. The partnership operates

> On the advice of his attorney, Dr. Andres, a local pediatrician, contributed several office buildings, which he had previously owned as sole proprietor, to a new Andres Partnership in which he became a one-third general partner. He gave the remaining lim

> Abe and Brenda formed the AB Partnership ten years ago as a general partnership and have been very successful with the business. However, in the current year, economic conditions caused them to lose significant amounts, but they expect the economy and th

> Sandra and John, who are unrelated, each own 50% of Alpha Corporation’s stock and 50% of Beta Corporation’s stock. For five years, Alpha has conducted manufacturing activities and sold machine parts primarily in the eastern United States. Alpha has repor

> Anna, one of your firm’s clients, is a physician who owns and operates her practice through a professional service corporation (PSC). She sees opportunities to grow the PSC, allowing her to serve more patients and generate more profits. Anna, however, ca

> P, R, and T Corporations have filed a consolidated tax return for a number of years using the calendar year as its tax year. Current plans call for P to purchase all of X Corporation’s stock at the close of business on June 30 of the current year from th

> Angela owns all the stock of A, B, and P Corporations. P has owned all the stock of S1 Corporation for six years. The P-S1 affiliated group has filed a consolidated tax return in each of these six years using the calendar year as its tax year. On July 10

> Mark owns all the stock of Red and Green Corporations. In each of the past five years, Red has reported approximately $125,000 of taxable income, and Green has reported NOLs of about $30,000. One-third of Red’s profits come from sales to Green, and their

> On January 10 of the current year, Mary transfers to Green Corporation a machine purchased three years ago for $100,000. On the transfer date, the machine has a $60,000 adjusted basis and a $110,000 FMV. Mary receives all 100 shares of Green stock, worth

> Wildcat Corporation is the parent company of a three-member affiliated group. Wildcat and Badger Corporations have filed consolidated tax returns for several years. Early in the current year, Wildcat purchases Hawkeye Corporation, a start-up business tha

> Alpha and Baker Corporations, accrual method of accounting corporations that use the calendar year as their tax year, have filed consolidated tax returns for several years. Baker, a 100%-owned subsidiary of Alpha, transfers a patent, equipment, and worki

> Define the term SRLY and explain its significance and application to a consolidated tax return.

> An affiliated group has a consolidated NOL for the current year. What factors could determine whether it would be advantageous or disadvantageous for the group to elect to forgo the carryback of the consolidated NOL?

> P, S, and T Corporations comprise a consolidated group. In the current year, P has a profit, while S and T both incur a loss. The net of P’s profit with S’s and T’s losses result in a consolidated NOL. In what years can P, S, and/or T deduct the consolid