Question: Nearly 1.9 million bachelor’s degrees

> The weight of Earth’s atmosphere exerts an average pressure of 1.01 x 105 Pa on the ground at sea level. Use the definition of pressure to estimate the weight of Earth’s atmosphere by approximating Earth as a sphere of radius RE = 6.38 x 106 m and surfac

> The British gold sovereign coin is an alloy of gold and copper having a total mass of 7.988 g, and is 22-karat gold. (a) Find the mass of gold in the sovereign in kilograms using the fact that the number of karats = 24 x (mass of gold)/(total mass). (b)

> Mercury is poured into a U-tube as shown in Figure P9.10a. The left arm of the tube has cross-sectional area A1 of 10.0 cm2, and the right arm has a cross-sectional area A2 of 5.00 cm2. One hundred grams of water are then poured into the right arm as sho

> An 81.5-kg man stands on a horizontal surface. (a) What is the volume of the man’s body if his average density is 985 kg/m3? (b) What average pressure from his weight is exerted on the horizontal surface if the man’s two feet have a combined area of 4.50

> If you quickly plunge a room-temperature mercury thermometer into very hot water, the mercury level will (a) Go up briefly before reaching a final reading, (b) Go down briefly before reaching a final reading, or (c) Not change.

> A typical propeller of a turbine used to generate electricity from the wind consists of three blades as in Figure P8.75. Each blade has a length of L = 35 m and a mass of m = 420 kg. The propeller rotates at the rate of 25 rev/min. (a) Convert the angula

> A particle of mass 0.400 kg is attached to the 100-cm mark of a meter stick of mass 0.100 kg. The meter stick rotates on a horizontal, frictionless table with an angular speed of 4.00 rad/s. Calculate the angular momentum of the system when the stick is

> A cylinder with moment of inertia I1 rotates with angular velocity ω0 about a frictionless vertical axle. A second cylinder, with moment of inertia I2, initially not rotating, drops onto the first cylinder (Fig. P8.73). Because the surfaces ar

> A space station shaped like a giant wheel has a radius of 100 m and a moment of inertia of 5.00 x 108 kg · m2. A crew of 150 lives on the rim, and the station is rotating so that the crew experiences an apparent acceleration of 1g (Fig. P8.

> The puck in Figure P8.71 has a mass of 0.120 kg. Its original distance from the center of rotation is 40.0 cm, and it moves with a speed of 80.0 cm/s. The string is pulled downward 15.0 cm through the hole in the frictionless table. Determine the work do

> A student sits on a rotating stool holding two 3.0-kg objects. When his arms are extended horizontally, the objects are 1.0 m from the axis of rotation and he rotates with an angular speed of 0.75 rad/s. The moment of inertia of the student plus stool is

> A solid, horizontal cylinder of mass 10.0 kg and radius 1.00 m rotates with an angular speed of 7.00 rad/s about a fixed vertical axis through its center. A 0.250-kg piece of putty is dropped vertically onto the cylinder at a point 0.900 m from the cente

> A 60.0-kg woman stands at the rim of a horizontal turntable having a moment of inertia of 500 kg · m2 and a radius of 2.00 m. The turntable is initially at rest and is free to rotate about a frictionless, vertical axle through its center. The woman then

> A student holds a spinning bicycle wheel while sitting motionless on a stool that is free to rotate about a vertical axis through its center (Fig. P8.67). The wheel spins with an angular speed of 17.5 rad/s and its initial angular momentum is directed up

> Halley’s comet moves about the Sun in an elliptical orbit, with its closest approach to the Sun being 0.59 AU and its greatest distance being 35 AU (1 AU is the Earth–Sun distance). If the comet’s speed at closest approach is 54 km/s, what is its speed w

> Two objects with different sizes, masses, and temperatures are placed in thermal contact. Choose the best answer: Energy travels (a) From the larger object to the smaller object (b) From the object with more mass to the one with less mass (c) From the ob

> A light rigid rod of length â„“ = 1.00 m rotates about an axis perpendicular to its length and through its center, as shown in Figure P8.51. Two particles of masses m1 = 4.00 kg and m2 = 3.00 kg are connected to the ends of the rod. What

> A 0.005 00-kg bullet traveling horizontally with a speed of 1.00 x 103 m/s enters an 18.0-kg door, embedding itself 10.0 cm from the side opposite the hinges as in Figure P8.64. The 1.00-m-wide door is free to swing on its hinges. (a) Before it hits the

> (a) Calculate the angular momentum of Earth that arises from its spinning motion on its axis, treating Earth as a uniform solid sphere. (b) Calculate the angular momentum of Earth that arises from its orbital motion about the Sun, treating Earth as a poi

> A disk of mass m is spinning freely at 6.00 rad/s when a second identical disk, initially not spinning, is dropped onto it so that their axes coincide. In a short time the two disks are corotating. (a) What is the angular speed of the new system? (b) If

> A metal hoop lies on a horizontal table, free to rotate about a fixed vertical axis through its center while a constant tangential force applied to its edge exerts a torque of magnitude 1.25 x 10-2 N · m for 2.00 s. (a) Calculate the magnitude of the hoo

> A 3.2-kg sphere is suspended by a cord that passes over a 1.8-kg pulley of radius 3.8 cm. The cord is attached to a spring whose force constant is k = 86 N/m as in Figure P8.95. Assume the pulley is a solid disk. (a) If the sphere is released from rest w

> A 10.0-kg monkey climbs a uniform ladder with weight w = 1.20 x 102 N and length L = 3.00 m as shown in Figure P8.94. The ladder rests against the wall at an angle of θ = 60.0°. The upper and lower ends of the ladder rest on frict

> An object of mass m1 = 4.00 kg is connected by a light cord to an object of mass m2 = 3.00 kg on a frictionless surface (Fig. P8.93). The pulley rotates about a frictionless axle and has a moment of inertia of 0.500 kg · m2 and a radius of

> In an emergency situation, a person with a broken forearm ties a strap from his hand to clip on his shoulder as in Figure P8.92. His 1.60-kg forearm remains in a horizontal position and the strap makes an angle of θ = 50.0° with t

> The Iron Cross When a gymnast weighing 750 N executes the iron cross as in Figure P8.91a, the primary muscles involved in supporting this position are the latissimus dorsi (“lats”) and the pectoralis major (â&#12

> The density of lead is greater than iron, and both metals are denser than water. Is the buoyant force on a solid lead object (a) Greater than, (b) Equal to, or (c) Less than the buoyant force acting on a solid iron object of the same dimensions.

> A string is wrapped around a uniform cylinder of mass M and radius R. The cylinder is released from rest with the string vertical and its top end tied to a fixed bar (Fig. P8.90). Show that (a) The tension in the string is one-third the weight of the cyl

> A war-wolf, or trebuchet, is a device used during the Middle Ages to throw rocks at castles and now sometimes used to fling pumpkins and pianos. A simple trebuchet is shown in Figure P8.89. Model it as a stiff rod of negligible mass 3.00 m long and joini

> A painter climbs a ladder leaning against a smooth wall. At a certain height, the ladder is on the verge of slipping. (a) Explain why the force exerted by the vertical wall on the ladder is horizontal. (b) If the ladder of length L leans at an angle θ wi

> A uniform solid cylinder of mass M and radius R rotates on a frictionless horizontal axle (Fig. P8.87). Two objects with equal masses m hang from light cords wrapped around the cylinder. If the system is released from rest, find (a) The tension in each c

> A uniform thin rod of length L and mass M is free to rotate on a frictionless pin passing through one end (Fig. P8.47). The rod is released from rest in the horizontal position. (a) What is the speed of its center of gravity when the rod reaches its lowe

> Many aspects of a gymnast’s motion can be modeled by representing the gymnast by four segments consisting of arms, torso (including the head), thighs, and lower legs, as in Figure P8.85. Figure P8.85b shows arrows of lengths rcg locatin

> A light rod of length 2L is free to rotate in a vertical plane about a frictionless pivot through its center. A particle of mass m1 is attached at one end of the rod, and a mass m2 is at the opposite end, where m1 > m2. The system is released from res

> A 2.35-kg uniform bar of length â„“ = 1.30 m is held in a horizontal position by three vertical springs as in Figure P8.83. The two lower springs are compressed and exert upward forces on the bar of magnitude F1 = 6.80 N and F2 = 9.50 N,

> Two window washers, Bob and Joe, are on a 3.00-m-long, 345-N scaffold supported by two cables attached to its ends. Bob weighs 750 N and stands 1.00 m from the left end, as shown in Figure P8.82. Two meters from the left end is the 500-N washing equipmen

> Two astronauts (Fig. P8.80), each having a mass M, are connected by a rope of length d having negligible mass. They are isolated in space, moving in circles around the point halfway between them at a speed v. (a) Calculate the magnitude of the angular mo

> Atmospheric pressure varies from day to day. The level of a floating ship on a high-pressure day is (a) Higher, (b) Lower, or (c) No different than on a low-pressure day.

> The two rigid objects shown in Figure 8.21 have the same mass, radius, and angular speed, each spinning around an axis through the center of its circular shape. If the same braking torque is applied to each, which takes longer to stop? (a) A (b) B (c) Mo

> The Institute for Higher Education Policy, a Washington, D.C.-based research firm, studied the payback of student loans for 1.8 million college students who had student loans that began to become due six years ago (The Wall Street Journal). The study fou

> A 2018 Pew Research Center survey found that more Americans believe they could give up their televisions than could give up their cell phones (Pew Research website). Assume that the following table represents the joint probabilities of Americans who coul

> Suppose that a particular NBA player makes 93% of his free throws. Assume that late in a basketball game, this player is fouled and is awarded two shots. a. What is the probability that he will make both shots? b. What is the probability that he will mak

> To better understand how husbands and wives feel about their finances, Money magazine conducted a national poll of 1010 married adults age 25 and older with household incomes of $50,000 or more (Money website). Consider the following example set of respo

> The Bureau of Transportation Statistics reports on-time performance for airlines at major U.S. airports. JetBlue, United, and US Airways share terminal C at Boston’s Logan Airport. Suppose that the percentage of on-time flights reported was 76.8% for Jet

> Students taking the Graduate Management Admissions Test (GMAT) were asked about their undergraduate major and intent to pursue their MBA as a full-time or part-time student. A summary of their responses follows. a. Develop a joint probability table for

> Consider the following example survey results of 18- to 34-yearolds in the United States, in response to the question “Are you currently living with your family?” a. Develop the joint probability table for these data

> High school seniors with strong academic records apply to the nation’s most selective colleges in greater numbers each year. Because the number of slots remains relatively stable, some colleges reject more early applicants. Suppose that for a recent admi

> A marketing firm would like to test-market the name of a new energy drink targeted at 18- to 29-year-olds via social media. A study by the Pew Research Center found that 35% of U.S. adults (18 and older) do not use social media (Pew Research Center websi

> Information about mutual funds provided by Morningstar includes the type of mutual fund ( Domestic Equity, International Equity, or Fixed Income) and the Morningstar rating for the fund. The rating is expressed from 1-star ( lowest rating) to 5-star ( hi

> Suppose that we have a sample space S = {E1, E2, E3, E4, E5, E6, E7}, where E1, E2, . . . , E7 denote the sample points. The following probability assignments apply: P(E1) = .05, P(E2) = .20, P(E3) = .20, P(E4) = .25, P(E5) = .15, P(E6) = .10, and P(E7)

> Suppose that we have a sample space with five equally likely experimental outcomes: E1, E2, E3, E4, E5. Let a. Find P(A), P(B), and P(C). b. Find P(A U B). Are A and B mutually exclusive? c. Find Ac, Cc, P(Ac), and P(Cc). d. Find A U Bc and P(A U Bc). e.

> The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) collects traffic safety-related data for the U.S. Department of Transportation. According to NHTSA’s data, 10,426 fatal collisions in 2016 were the result of collisions with fix

> Suppose that the following table represents a sample of 944 teenagers’ responses to the question, “When do you think you will become financially independent?” Consider the experiment of randomly sel

> Do you think global warming will have an impact on you during your lifetime? A 2014 CBS News/New York Times poll of 1000 adults in the United States asked this question (CBS News website). Consider the responses by age groups shown below. a. What is the

> Each year Fortune magazine publishes an annual list of the 500 largest companies in the United States. The corporate headquarters for the 500 companies are located in 38 different states. The following table shows the 8 states with the largest number of

> Consider the experiment of rolling a pair of dice. Suppose that we are interested in the sum of the face values showing on the dice. a. How many sample points are possible? (Hint: Use the counting rule for multiple-step experiments.) b. List the sample p

> Consider the experiment of selecting a playing card from a deck of 52 playing cards. Each card corresponds to a sample point with a 1/52 probability. a. List the sample points in the event an ace is selected. b. List the sample points in the event a club

> A company that manufactures toothpaste is studying five different package designs. Assuming that one design is just as likely to be selected CodeChurn by a consumer as any other design, what selection probability would you assign to each of the package d

> A Gallup Poll of U.S. adults indicated that Kentucky is the state with the highest percentage of smokers (Gallup website). Consider the following example data from the Tri-State region, an area that comprises northern Kentucky, southeastern Indiana, and

> Data for a sample of 55 members of the Baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, New York, are shown here. Each observation indicates the primary position played by the Hall of Famers: pitcher (P), catcher (H), 1st base (1), 2nd base (2), 3rd base (3), short

> Code Churn is a common metric used to measure the efficiency and productivity of software engineers and computer programmers. It’s usually measured as the percentage of a programmer’s code that must be edited over a sh

> Suppose that an independent study of middle-level managers employed at companies located in Atlanta, Georgia, was conducted to compare the salaries of managers working at firms in Atlanta to the salaries of middle-level managers across the nation. The fo

> Consider a sample with data values of 27, 25, 20, 15, 30, 34, 28, and 25. Provide the five-number summary for the data.

> The New York Times reported that Apple has unveiled a new iPad marketed specifically to school districts for use by students (The New York Times website). The 9.7-inch iPads will have faster processors and a cheaper price point in an effort to take marke

> A sample of 10 NCAA college basketball game scores provided the following data. a. Compute the mean and standard deviation for the points scored by the winning teams. b. Assume that the points scored by the winning teams for all NCAA games follow a bel

> Each year Money magazine publishes a list of “Best Places to Live in the United States.” These listings are based on affordability, educational performance, convenience, safety, and livability. The list below shows the

> The Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT) is astandardized exam used by many universities as part of the assessment for admission to graduate study in business. The average GMAT score is 547 (Magoosh website). Assume that GMAT scores are bell-shaped

> Suppose that the mean retail price per gallon of regular grade gasoline in the United States is $3.43 with a standard deviation of $.10 and that the retail price per gallon has a bell-shaped distribution. a. What percentage of regular grade gasoline sold

> The results of a national survey showed that on average, adults sleep 6.9 hours per night. Suppose that the standard deviation is 1.2 hours. a. Use Chebyshev’s theorem to calculate the percentage of individuals who sleep between 4.5 and 9.3 hours. b. Use

> Scores turned in by an amateur golfer at the Bonita Fairways Golf Course in Bonita Springs, Florida, during 2017 and 2018 are as follows: a. Use the mean and standard deviation to evaluate the golfer’s performance over the two-year pe

> Many airlines use surveys to collect data on customer satisfaction related to flight experiences. Completing a flight, customers receive an email asking them to rate a variety of factors, including the reservation process, the check-in process, luggage p

> 100 companies that spend the most on advertising. Consumer-goods company Procter & Gamble has often topped the list, spending billions of dollars annually. Consider the data found in the file Advertising. It contains annual advertising expenditures for a

> Varatta Enterprises sells industrial plumbing valves. The following table lists the annual sales amounts for the different salespeople in the organization for the most recent fiscal year. a. Compute the mean, variance, and standard deviation for these

> The following table displays round-trip flight prices from 14 major U.S. cities to Atlanta and Salt Lake City. a. Compute the mean price for a round-trip flight into Atlanta and the mean price for a round-trip flight into Salt Lake City. Is Atlanta les

> Data collected by the Oil Price Information Service from more than 90,000 gasoline and convenience stores throughout the U.S. showed that the average price for a gallon of unleaded gasoline was $3.28 (MSN Auto website). The following data show the price

> Consider a sample with data values of 27, 25, 20, 15, 30, 34, 28, and 25. Compute the range, interquartile range, variance, and standard deviation.

> Suppose that at the beginning of Year 1 you invested $10,000 in the Stivers mutual fund and $5000 in the Trippi mutual fund. The value of each investment at the end of each subsequent year is provided in the table below. Which mutual fund performed bette

> The following table shows the total return and the number of funds for four categories of mutual funds. a. Using the number of funds as weights, compute the weighted average total return for these mutual funds. b. Is there any difficulty associated wit

> The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics collects data on unemployment rates in each state. The data contained in the file UnemploymentRates show the unemployment rate for every state and the District of Columbia over two consecutive years. To compare unemplo

> A random sample of 30 colleges from Kiplinger’s list of the best values in private college provided the data shown in the file BestPrivateColleges (Kiplinger website). The variable named Admit Rate (%) shows the percentage of students that applied to the

> The Russell 1000 is a stock market index consisting of the largest U.S. companies. The Dow Jones Industrial Average is based on 30 large companies. The file Russell gives the annual percentage returns for each of these stock indexes for the years 1988 to

> Nielsen Media Research tracks the top-rated television shows. The following data show the television network that produced each of the 25 top-rated shows in the history of television. a. Construct a frequency distribution, percent frequency distributio

> Over the past 40 years, the percentage of homes in the United States with smoke detectors has risen steadily and has plateaued at about 96% as of 2015 (National Fire Protection Association website). With this increase in the use of home smoke detectors,

> A department of transportation’s study on driving speed and miles per gallon for midsize automobiles resulted in the following data: Compute and interpret the sample correlation coefficient.

> The file StockComparison contains monthly adjusted stock prices for technology company Apple, Inc., and consumer-goods company Procter & Gamble (P&G) from 2013–2018. a. Develop a scatter diagram with Apple stock price on the horizontal axis and P&G stock

> Five observations taken for two variables follow. a. Develop a scatter diagram for these data. b. What does the scatter diagram indicate about a relationship between x and y? c. Compute and interpret the sample covariance. d. Compute and interpret the

> Five observations taken for two variables follow. a. Develop a scatter diagram with x on the horizontal axis. b. What does the scatter diagram developed in part (a) indicate about the relationship between the two variables? c. Compute and interpret the

> The Bureau of Transportation Statistics keeps track of all border crossings through ports of entry along the U.S.-Canadian and U.S.-Mexican borders. The data contained in the file BorderCrossings show the most recently published figures for the number of

> Fortune magazine’s list of the world’s most admired companies for 2014 is provided in the data contained in the file AdmiredCompanies (Fortune magazine website). The data in the column labeled “Return” shows the one- year total return (%) for the top ran

> Consumer Reports provides overall customer satisfaction scores for AT&T, Sprint, T-Mobile, and Verizon cell-phone services in major metropolitan areas throughout the United States. The rating for each service reflects the overall customer satisfactio

> Annual sales, in millions of dollars, for 21 pharmaceutical companies follow. a. Provide a five-number summary. b. Compute the lower and upper limits. c. Do the data contain any outliers? d. Johnson & Johnson’s sales are the large

> Naples, Florida, hosts a half-marathon (13.1-mile race) in January each year. The event attracts top runners from throughout the United States as well as from around the world. In the race results shown below 22 men and 31 women entered the 19â&#12

> In alphabetical order, the six most common last names in the United States in 2018 are Brown, Garcia, Johnson, Jones, Smith, and Williams (United States Census Bureau website). Assume that a sample of 50 individuals with one of these last names provided

> The creator of a new online multiplayer survival game has been tracking the monthly downloads of the newest game. The following table shows the monthly downloads (in thousands) for each month of the current and previous year. a. Compute the mean, media

> Show the five-number summary and the boxplot for the following data: 5, 15, 18, 10, 8, 12, 16, 10, 6.

> Nielsen tracks the amount of time that people spend consuming media content across different platforms (digital, audio, television) in the United States. Nielsen has found that traditional television viewing habits vary based on the age of the consumer a

> Each year America.EDU ranks the best paying college degrees in America. The following data show the median starting salary, the mid-career salary, and the percentage increase from starting salary to mid- career salary for the 20 college degrees with the

> The file EngineeringSalary contains the median starting salary and median mid-career salary (measured 10 years after graduation) for graduates from 19 engineering schools (The Wall Street Journal). Develop a stem-and-leaf display for both the median star

> The following data show the year to date percent change (YTD % Change) for 30 stock-market indexes from around the world (The Wall Street Journal). a. What index has the largest positive YTD % Change? b. Using a class width of 5 beginning with â&

> The Northwest regional manager of an outdoor equipment retailer conducted a study to determine how managers at three store locations are using their time. A summary of the results are shown in the following table. a. Create a stacked bar chart with sto