Question: Perform the indicated operations and reduce answers
Perform the indicated operations and reduce answers to lowest terms.
> An interference filter is to be constructed for isolation of the CS2 absorption band at 4.54 µm. a) If the determination is to be based on first-order interference, how thick should the dielectric layer be (refractive index 1.54)? b) What other wavelen
> Define (a) Transducer. (b) Photocurrent. (c) N-type semiconductor. (d) Majority carrier. (e) Depletion layer. (f) Dynodes in a photomultiplier tube.
> What is the difference between an absorption filter and an interference filter?
> Describe how an absorption photometer and a fluorescence photometer differ from each other.
> Describe the basic design difference between a spectrometer for emission measurements and one for absorption studies.
> What are the differences between a photon detector and a thermal detector?
> Why does a hydrogen lamp produce a continuum rather than a line spectrum in the ultraviolet?
> How does information supplied by a direct potentiometric measurements of pH differ from that obtained from a potentiometric acid-base titration?
> A portable photometer with a linear response to radiation registered a photocurrent of 75.9 μA with a blank solution in the light path. Replacement of the blank with an absorbing solution yielded a response of 23.5 μA. Calculate a) The transmittance of t
> A photometer with a linear response to radiation gave a reading of 625 mV with a blank in the light path and 149 mV when the blank was replaced by an absorbing solution. Calculate a) The percent transmittance and absorbance of the absorbing solution. b)
> What are the major advantages of Fourier transform IR instruments over dispersive IR instruments?
> What non-instrumental variables must be controlled to assure reproducible absorbance data?
> What is the purpose of a) The 0% T adjustment b) The 100% T adjustment of a spectrophotometer?
> What minimum requirement is needed to obtain reproducible results with a single-beam spectrophotometer?
> The relationships described in Problems 23-7 and 23-8 may be of help in solving the following. a) Calculate the wavelength of maximum emission of a tungsten-filament bulb operated at 2870 K and at 3000 K. b) Calculate the total energy output of the bul
> Stefan’s law states that the total energy emitted by a blackbody per unit time and per unit area is Et = αT4 where α is 5.69 × 10-8W/m2 K4. Calculate the total energy output in W>m2 for the blackbodies described in Problem 23-7.
> The Wien displacement law states that the wavelength maximum in micrometers for blackbody radiation is (maxT = 2.90 × 103 Where T is the temperature in kelvins. Calculate the wavelength maximum for a blackbody that has been heated to a) 4000 K, b) 330
> Describe the differences between the following pairs of terms, and list any particular advantages of one over the other: (a) Spectrophotometers and photometers. (b) Spectrographs and spectrometers. (c) Monochromators and polychromators. (d) Single-beam
> What is the source of a) The asymmetry potential in a membrane electrode? b) The boundary potential in a membrane electrode? c) A junction potential in a glass/calomel electrode system? d) The potential of a crystalline-membrane electrode used to determi
> Why is iodine sometimes introduced into a tungsten lamp?
> Why are photomultiplier tubes unsuited for the detection of infrared radiation?
> Why do quantitative and qualitative analyses often require different monochromator slit widths?
> Describe the differences between “real” deviations from Beer’s law and those due to instrumental or chemical factors.
> Identify factors that cause the Beer’s law relationship to be nonlinear.
> What is the relationship between (a) Absorbance and transmittance? (b) Concentration c and molar absorptivity ε?
> In a solution of pH 5.3, the indicator bromocresol purple exhibits a yellow color, but when the pH is 6.0, the indicator solution changes to purple. Discuss why these colors are observed in terms of the wavelength regions and colors absorbed and transmit
> The equilibrium constant for the reaction 2CrO42- + 2H+ ⇌ Cr2O72- + H2O is 4.2 x 1014. The molar absorptivities for the two principal species in a solution of K2CrO7 are Four solutions were prepared by dissolving 4.00 x 10-4, 3.00 x 10
> Nitrite is commonly determined by a colorimetric procedure using a reaction called the Griess reaction. In this reaction, the sample containing nitrite is reacted with sulfanilimide and N-(1-Napthyl) ethylenediamine to form a colored species that absorbs
> One common way to determine phosphorus in urine is to treat the sample after removing the protein with molybdenum (VI) and then reducing the resulting 12-molybdophosphate complex with ascorbic acid to give an intense blue-colored species called molybdenu
> How does a gas-sensing probe differ from other membrane electrodes?
> Briefly describe or define (a) Indicator electrode. (b) Reference electrode. (c) Electrode of the first kind. (d) Electrode of the second kind. Answers: a) Indicator electrode: An indicator electrode is an electrode used in potentiometry that responds
> Perform the indicated operations and reduce answers to lowest terms.
> Perform the indicated operations and reduce answers to lowest terms.
> Represent the compound fractions in Problem as simple fractions reduced to lowest terms.
> Represent the compound fractions in Problem as simple fractions reduced to lowest terms.
> imagine that the indicated “solutions” were given to you by a student whom you were tutoring in this class. (A) Is the solution correct? If the solution is incorrect, explain what is wrong and how it can be corrected.
> imagine that the indicated “solutions” were given to you by a student whom you were tutoring in this class. (A) Is the solution correct? If the solution is incorrect, explain what is wrong and how it can be corrected.
> imagine that the indicated “solutions” were given to you by a student whom you were tutoring in this class. (A) Is the solution correct? If the solution is incorrect, explain what is wrong and how it can be corrected.
> imagine that the indicated “solutions” were given to you by a student whom you were tutoring in this class. (A) Is the solution correct? If the solution is incorrect, explain what is wrong and how it can be corrected.
> perform the indicated operations and reduce answers to lowest terms. Represent any compound fractions as simple fractions reduced to lowest terms.
> perform the indicated operations and reduce answers to lowest terms. Represent any compound fractions as simple fractions reduced to lowest terms.
> factor out all factors common to all terms.
> perform the indicated operations and reduce answers to lowest terms. Represent any compound fractions as simple fractions reduced to lowest terms.
> perform the indicated operations and reduce answers to lowest terms. Represent any compound fractions as simple fractions reduced to lowest terms.
> perform the indicated operations and reduce answers to lowest terms. Represent any compound fractions as simple fractions reduced to lowest terms.
> perform the indicated operations and reduce answers to lowest terms. Represent any compound fractions as simple fractions reduced to lowest terms.
> Perform the indicated operations and reduce answers to lowest terms.
> Perform the indicated operations and reduce answers to lowest terms.
> Perform the indicated operations and reduce answers to lowest terms.
> Perform the indicated operations and reduce answers to lowest terms.
> Perform the indicated operations and reduce answers to lowest terms.
> refer to the following polynomials: Multiply (A) and (C).
> Perform the indicated operations and reduce answers to lowest terms.
> Perform the indicated operations and reduce answers to lowest terms.
> Perform the indicated operations and reduce answers to lowest terms.
> factor by grouping.
> factor out all factors common to all terms.
> factor out all factors common to all terms.
> discuss the validity of each statement. If the statement is true, explain why. If not, give a counterexample. If k is a positive integer, then u2k + 1 + v2k + 1 can be factored.
> discuss the validity of each statement. If the statement is true, explain why. If not, give a counterexample. If m and n are positive integers and m ≠ n, then um - vn is not factorable.
> factor completely. If a polynomial cannot be factored, say so.
> factor completely. If a polynomial cannot be factored, say so.
> indicate true (T) or false (F). 8. a + cb = a + bc 10. 12. 14. 16. 18 20 22. 24. 26.
> factor completely. If a polynomial cannot be factored, say so.
> factor completely. If a polynomial cannot be factored, say so.
> factor completely. If a polynomial cannot be factored, say so.
> factor completely. If a polynomial cannot be factored, say so.
> factor completely. If a polynomial cannot be factored, say so.
> factor completely. If a polynomial cannot be factored, say so.
> factor completely. If a polynomial cannot be factored, say so.
> Each ounce of food M contains 8 units of calcium, and each ounce of food N contains 5 units of calcium. A 160-ounce diet mix is formed using foods M and N. If x is the number of ounces of food M used, write an algebraic expression that represents the tot
> factor completely. If a polynomial cannot be factored, say so.
> Six thousand tickets are to be sold for a concert, some for $20 each and the rest for $35 each. If x is the number of $20 tickets sold, write an algebraic expression that represents the gross receipts from ticket sales, assuming all tickets are sold. Sim
> refer to the following polynomials: Subtract (A) from (B).
> factor completely. If a polynomial cannot be factored, say so.
> A person has $100,000 to invest. If $x are invested in a money market account yielding 7% and twice that amount in certificates of deposit yielding 9%, and if the rest is invested in high-grade bonds yielding 11%, write an algebraic expression that repre
> factor completely. If a polynomial cannot be factored, say so.
> Show by example that, in general, (a – b)2 ≠ a2 - b2 . Discuss possible conditions on a and b that would make this a valid equation.
> factor completely. If a polynomial cannot be factored, say so.
> How does the answer to Problem 52 change if the two polynomials can have the same degree?
> factor completely. If a polynomial cannot be factored, say so.
> What is the degree of the sum of the two polynomials in Problem 51?
> factor completely. If a polynomial cannot be factored, say so.
> perform the indicated operations and simplify.
> Replace each question mark with an appropriate expression that will illustrate the use of the indicated real number property. Identity property ( + ): 0 + 9m = ?
> perform the indicated operations and simplify.
> The price of gas increased 4% in one week. If the price last week was $4.30 per gallon, what is the price now? (Round to the nearest cent).
> Subtract the sum of the first two polynomials from the sum of the last two: 3m2 - 2m + 5, 4m2 - m, 3m2 - 3m - 2, m3 + m2 + 2
> If you paid $29.86 in tax on a purchase of $533.19, what was the sales tax rate? (Write as a percentage, rounded to one decimal place).
> perform the indicated operations and simplify.
> without using a calculator, round to the nearest integer.
> perform the indicated operations and simplify.
> without using a calculator, round to the nearest integer
> perform the indicated operations and simplify.
> Use a calculator to express each number in Problem as a decimal to the capacity of your calculator. Observe the repeating decimal representation of the rational numbers and the nonrepeating decimal representation of the irrational numbers.
> refer to the following polynomials: Add (A) and (B).
> perform the indicated operations and simplify.
> Repeat Problem 37 for 0.181818 . . . . . Data from Problem 37: Proceeding similarly, convert the repeating decimal 0.090909c into a fraction. (All repeating decimals are rational numbers, and all rational numbers have repeating decimal representations.)
> perform the indicated operations and simplify.
> Indicate true (T) or false (F), and for each false statement find real number replacements for a and b that will provide a counterexample. For all real numbers a and b, (A) a + b = b + a (B) a - b = b - a (C) ab = ba (D) a ÷ b = b ÷ a
