2.99 See Answer

Question: Refer to the GulfGolf problem described in

Refer to the GulfGolf problem described in Section 2.1. Suppose that management encounters each of the following situations: a. The accounting department revises its estimate of the profit contribution for the deluxe bag to $18 per bag. b. A new low-cost material is available for the standard bag, and the profit contribution per standard bag can be increased to $20 per bag. (Assume the profit contribution of the deluxe bag is the original $9 value.) c. New sewing equipment is available that would increase the sewing operation capacity to 750 hours. (Assume 10S + 9D is the appropriate objective function.) If each of these conditions is encountered separately, what are the optimal solution and the total profit contribution for each situation? Data from section 2.1: GulfGolf is a small family-run company in the United Arab Emirates. It manufactures golfing equipment aimed at the increasing demand, primarily from tourists coming for golfing holidays in the Gulf region. The company has decided to manufacture two new products: a medium-priced golf bag and a more up-market, expensive golf bag. The company’s products are priced in US$ given its international customer base. The company’s distributor is enthusiastic about the new product line and has agreed to buy all the golf bags the company produces over the next three months. After a thorough investigation of the steps involved in manufacturing a golf bag, management determined that each golf bag produced will require the following four operations: 1. Cutting and dyeing the material needed. 2. Sewing. 3. Finishing (inserting umbrella holder, club separators, etc.). 4. Inspection and packaging. The director of manufacturing analyzed each of the operations and concluded that if the company produces a medium-priced standard model, each bag will require 7/10 hours in the cutting and dyeing department, 1/2 hour in the sewing department, one hour in the finishing department, and 1/10 hour in the inspection and packaging department. The more expensive deluxe model will require one hour for cutting and dyeing, 5/6 hour for sewing, 2/3 hour for finishing, and 1/4 hour for inspection and packaging. This production information is summarized in Table 2.1. Data from table 2.1:
Refer to the GulfGolf problem described in Section 2.1. Suppose that management encounters each of the following situations:

a. The accounting department revises its estimate of the profit contribution for the deluxe bag to $18 per bag.
b. A new low-cost material is available for the standard bag, and the profit contribution per standard bag can be increased to $20 per bag. (Assume the profit contribution of the deluxe bag is the original $9 value.)
c. New sewing equipment is available that would increase the sewing operation capacity to 750 hours. (Assume 10S + 9D is the appropriate objective function.)

If each of these conditions is encountered separately, what are the optimal solution and the
total profit contribution for each situation?

Data from section 2.1:

GulfGolf is a small family-run company in the United Arab Emirates. It manufactures golfing equipment aimed at the increasing demand, primarily from tourists coming for golfing holidays in the Gulf region. The company has decided to manufacture two new products: a medium-priced golf bag and a more up-market, expensive golf bag. The company’s products are priced in US$ given its international customer base. The company’s distributor is enthusiastic about the new product line and has agreed to buy all the golf bags the company produces over the next three months. 
After a thorough investigation of the steps involved in manufacturing a golf bag, management determined that each golf bag produced will require the following four operations:

1.  Cutting and dyeing the material needed.
2.  Sewing.
3.  Finishing (inserting umbrella holder, club separators, etc.).
4.  Inspection and packaging.

The director of manufacturing analyzed each of the operations and concluded that if the company produces a medium-priced standard model, each bag will require 7/10 hours in the cutting and dyeing department, 1/2 hour in the sewing department, one hour in the finishing department, and 1/10 hour in the inspection and packaging department. The more expensive deluxe model will require one hour for cutting and dyeing, 5/6 hour for sewing, 2/3 hour for finishing, and 1/4 hour for inspection and packaging. This production information is summarized in Table 2.1. 

Data from table 2.1:


Production is constrained by the limited number of hours available in each department. After studying departmental workload projections, the director of manufacturing estimates that 630 hours for cutting and dyeing, 600 hours for sewing, 708 hours for finishing and 135 hours for inspection and packaging will be available for the production of golf bags during the next three months. 
The accounting department analyzed the production data, assigned all relevant variable costs and arrived at prices for both bags that will result in a profit contribution 1 of $10 for every standard bag and $9 for every deluxe bag produced.

Production is constrained by the limited number of hours available in each department. After studying departmental workload projections, the director of manufacturing estimates that 630 hours for cutting and dyeing, 600 hours for sewing, 708 hours for finishing and 135 hours for inspection and packaging will be available for the production of golf bags during the next three months. The accounting department analyzed the production data, assigned all relevant variable costs and arrived at prices for both bags that will result in a profit contribution 1 of $10 for every standard bag and $9 for every deluxe bag produced.





Transcribed Image Text:

Table 2.1 Production Requirements Per Golf Bag Production Time (hours) Department Standard Bag Deluxe Bag Cutting and Dyeing Sewing Finishing Inspection and Packaging 1 23 'ho


> Cinergy Corporation manufactures and distributes electricity for customers located in Indiana, Kentucky and Ohio. The company spends $725 to $750 million each year for the fuel needed to operate its coal fired and gas-fired power plants; 92 per cent to 9

> The Shimla Textile Mill* in India produces five different fabrics for European clothing manufacturers. Each fabric can be woven on one or more of the mill’s 38 looms. The sales department’s forecast of demand for the n

> Glenn Foreman, president of Oceanview Development Corporation based in Portugal, is considering submitting a bid to purchase property that will be sold by sealed bid. Glenn’s initial judgement is to submit a bid of E5 million. Based on

> J. D. Williams, Inc., is an investment advisory firm that manages more than E120 million in funds for its numerous clients. The company uses an asset allocation model that recommends the portion of each client’s portfolio to be invested in a growth stock

> A local healthfood cooperative runs a community cafe´ and produces two vegetarian burgers. The large burger makes a profit of 85 cents per unit sold and the standard burger 55 cents. Each burger is made from three basic ingredients as shown

> Digital Imaging (DI) produces photo printers for both the professional and consumer markets. The DI consumer division recently introduced two photo printers that provide colour prints rivalling those produced by a professional processing lab. The DI-910

> Phoenix Computer manufactures and sells personal computers directly to customers. Orders are accepted by phone and through the company’s website. Phoenix will be introducing several new laptop models over the next few months and management recognizes a n

> Better Fitness, Inc. (BFI), manufactures exercise equipment at its plant in Munich, Germany. It recently designed two universal weight machines for the home exercise market. Both machines use BFI-patented technology that provides the user with an extreme

> The Cossack Grill is an upscale restaurant located in St. Petersburg. To help plan an advertising campaign for the coming season, the restaurant’s management team hired the advertising firm of Hartman & Jablinsky (HJ). The managemen

> Morgan Trucking Company operates a special speedy pickup and delivery service in a large city for ten clients who have a pickup contract with Morgan. When Morgan receives a request for service, it dispatches a truck from its HQ to the requesting service

> In the original GDA problem, we found the shortest distance from the office (node 1) to each of the other nodes or construction sites. Because some of the roads are highways and others are country tracks, the shortest-distance routes between the office a

> The High-Price Oil Company owns a pipeline network that is used to convey oil from its source to several storage locations. A portion of the network is as follows: Due to the varying pipe sizes, the flow capacities vary. By selectively opening and clos

> Use the random numbers 0.3753, 0.9218, 0.0336, 0.5145 and 0.7000 to generate five simulated values for the PortaCom direct labour cost per unit.

> The following cost information is available for the fast-food franchise in Problem 11. Customer waiting time is valued at E25 per hour to reflect the fact that waiting time is costly to the fast-food business. The cost of each employee is E6.50 per hour

> Set up the tableau form for the following linear programme (do not attempt to solve): Min 4x1 + 5x2 + 3x3 s.t. 4x1 +2x3 2 20 1x2 – 1x3 <-8 = -5 1x1 – 2x2 2x + 1x2 + 1xз < 12 X1, X2, X3 2 0

> A project involving the installation of a computer system comprises eight activities. The following table lists immediate predecessors and activity times (in weeks). a. Draw a project network. b. What are the critical activities? c. What is the expecte

> Management of High Tech Services (HTS) would like to develop a model that will help allocate their technicians’ time between service calls to regular contract customers and new customers. A maximum of 80 hours of technician time is available over the two

> The Davis family of Bristol, England is planning its annual summer holiday. Three vacation locations along with criteria weights and location ratings follow. What is the recommended holiday location? Ratings Scottish Highlands, Cardiff, Nice, France

> Dunes Golf Course is one of the top golf courses in the Scottish Highlands. The course offers some of the best views available. Dunes targets the upper end of the golf market and in the peak spring golfing season, charges green fees of &Acirc;&pound;160

> Quality Air Conditioning manufactures three home air conditioners: an economy model, a standard model and a deluxe model. The profits per unit are E63, E95 and E135, respectively. The production requirements per unit are as follows: For the co

> The O’Neill Shoe Manufacturing Company in Ireland will produce a special-style shoe if the order size is large enough to provide a reasonable profit. For each special-style order, the company incurs a fixed cost of E1000 for the production setup. The var

> A food store in Glasgow specializes in selling organic produce to local restaurants. In the summer it buys fresh raspberries (a Scottish delicacy) from two authorized organic farms in Tayside – the McGregor Farm and the Campbell Farm. Raspberries are sup

> A firm has just completed a new plant that will produce more than 500 different products, using more than 50 different production lines and machines. The production scheduling decisions are critical in that sales will be lost if customer demands are not

> List and discuss the different stages of the management science approach.

> Naser Publishing Company is considering publishing a DVD on spreadsheet applications for business. The fixed cost of preparation, design and production setup is estimated to be E80 000. Variable production and material costs are estimated to be E3 per DV

> Consider the following linear programme: a. Solve this problem using the graphical solution procedure. b. Calculate the range of optimality for the objective function coefficient of x1. c. Calculate the range of optimality for the objective function co

> The RMC Corporation blends three raw materials to produce two products: a fuel additive and a solvent base. Each ton of fuel additive is a mixture of 0.4 ton of material 1 and 0.6 ton of material 3. A ton of solvent base is a mixture of 0.5 ton of materi

> The Ruiters&acirc;&#128;&#153; Manufacturing Company produces two products, which have the following profit and resource requirement characteristics. Last month&acirc;&#128;&#153;s production schedule used 350 hours of labour in department A and 1000 h

> Consider the PortaCom project discussed in Section 12.1 a. An engineer on the product development team believes that first-year sales for the new printer will be 20 000 units. Using estimates of E45 per unit for the direct labour cost and E90 per unit f

> Hilltop Coffee manufactures a coffee product by blending three types of coffee beans. The cost per kilo and the available kilos of each bean are as follows: Consumer tests with coffee products were used to provide ratings on a scale of 0&acirc;&#128;&#

> Recall the RMC problem (Chapter 2, Problem 12). Letting: F = kilos of fuel additive S = kilos of solvent base leads to the formulation: Max 40F + 30S s:t Use the graphical sensitivity analysis approach to determine the range of optimality for the o

> The Quick and Easy operates five fast-food restaurants in the UK. Input measures for the restaurants include weekly hours of operation, full-time equivalent staff and weekly supply expenses. Output measures of performance include average weekly contribut

> The Two-Rivers Oil Company near Pittsburgh transports gasoline to its distributors by truck. The company recently contracted to supply gasoline distributors in southern Ohio, and it has $600 000 available to spend on the necessary expansion of its fleet

> Solve the RMC problem (Chapter 2, Problem 12) using the Simplex method. At each iteration, locate the basic feasible solution found by the Simplex method on the graph of the feasible region. The problem formulation is shown here: where x1 = kilos of fu

> The Atlantic Seafood Company (ASC) is a buyer and distributor of seafood products that are sold to restaurants and speciality seafood outlets throughout the Western Europe. ASC has a frozen storage facility in Lisbon that serves as the primary distributi

> Consider the following linear programme: a. Write the problem in standard form. b. How many variables will be set equal to zero in a basic solution for this problem? Explain. c. Find the basic solution that corresponds to s1 and s2 equal to zero. d.

> In Problem 16, if P(s1) = 0.25, P(s2) = 0.50 and P(s3) = 0.25, find a recommended decision for each of the three decision makers. Note that for the same decision problem, different utilities can lead to different decisions. Data from question 16: Three

> Romero&acirc;&#128;&#153;s Department Store faces a buying decision for a seasonal product for which demand can be high, medium or low. The purchaser for Romero&acirc;&#128;&#153;s can order 1, 2 or 3 lots of the product before the season begins but cann

> Use the per-unit cost changes for each unoccupied cell shown in Table 7.10 to do the following: a. Consider the arc connecting Brazil and Dubai as a candidate for the incoming arc. Allocate 1 unit of flow, and make the necessary adjustments on the stepp

> Abu Dhabi Savings Bank (ADSB) has $1 million in new funds that must be allocated to home loans, personal loans and automobile loans. The annual rates of return for the three types of loans are 7 per cent for home loans, 12 per cent for personal loans and

> Anational charity organization operating throughout the UK provides support and advice to the elderly. One of their activities relates to home safety for the elderly whereby the charity will supply and install safety handles around the home. These handl

> Round Tree Manor is a hotel that has two types of rooms with three rental classes: Super Saver, Deluxe and Business. The profit per night for each type of room and rental class is as follows: Type I rooms do not have Internet access and are not availab

> Tucker Inc. produces high-quality suits and sport coats for men. Each suit requires 1.2 hours of cutting time and 0.7 hours of sewing time, uses six metres of material, and provides a profit contribution of E190. Each sport coat requires 0.8 hours of c

> The Dome queuing model in Section 11.1 studies the waiting time of customers at its restaurant. Dome’s single-channel queuing system has a mean of 0.75 arrivals per minute and a service rate of one customer per minute. a. Use a worksheet based on Figure

> Digital Controls, Inc. (DCI), manufactures two models of a radar speed device used by police to monitor the speed of automobiles. Model A has an accuracy of plus or minus one km per hour, whereas the smaller model B has an accuracy of plus or minus three

> The Daugherty Porta-Vac project discussed in Section 9.2 has an expected project completion time of 17 weeks. The probability that the project could be completed in 20 weeks or less is 0.9656. The noncritical paths in the Porta-Vac project network are:

> Naples Fishing Supply manufactures a variety of fishing equipment, which it sells throughout Europe. For the next three months, Naples estimates demand for a particular product at 150, 250 and 300 units, respectively. Naples can supply this demand by pro

> Frandec Company manufactures, assembles and rebuilds material handling equipment used in warehouses and distribution centres. One product, called a Liftmaster, is assembled from four components: a frame, a motor, two supports and a metal strap. Frandec&a

> Scot Air Express decided to offer direct service from Edinburgh to Manchester. Management must decide between a full-price service using the company&acirc;&#128;&#153;s new fleet of jet aircraft and a discount service using smaller capacity commuter pl

> Refer to the computer solution in Figure 3.15 (see Problem 8). a. Calculate the ranges of optimality for the objective function coefficients. b. Interpret the ranges in part (a). c. Interpret the range of feasibility for the right-hand sides. d. How muc

> The city of Binghamton is served by two major hospitals: Western Medical and Binghamton General. Western Medical is located in the southwest part of the city, and Binghamton General is in the northeast. Bob Jones, the hospital administrator at Western Me

> Packer City&rsquo;s balance sheet and statement of revenues, expenditures, and changes in fund balances are shown below for the governmental funds. Information on capital assets and long-term obligations are also provided from the notes to the financia

> In several instances, Neibler Corporation has been engaged in transactions that were denominated or settled in foreign currencies (FC). Given recent volatility in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and the FC, the company is considering using FC de

> The chief financial officer (CFO) of Baxter International has employed the use of hedges in a variety of contexts over the first quarter of the current calendar year as follows: Futures Contract&mdash;The company hedged against a possible decline in t

> Belhurst purchased land costing $65,000 for park development. The amount had been encumbered at $70,000. Ten years later, because of a population shift, the park is no longer practical. The city sells the land for $105,000. Prepare journal entries to rec

> Given the facts of Exercise 8, (1) prepare the charge and discharge statement that would have resulted from the above events and (2) prepare the entries to transfer all estate principal and income amounts to a trust for the benefit of Cody Jackson.

> Record the following events of Brooks Hospital: 1. Patients were billed for the following gross charges: Room and board . . . . . . . . .. $400,000 Physicians’ care. . . . . . . . . . . . . 350,000 Laboratory and radiology . . . . . 110,000 2. A donati

> Record the following events of Mental Health Clinic, a VHWO: 1. A contribution of $20,000 was received and is to be used for the purchase of equipment, but not until an addition to the building is constructed. Construction has begun on the building. 2. E

> Logan Manufacturing has been challenged by increasing costs and pressures from competitors. Pretax income was $100,000 and $60,000 in 2015 and 2016, respectively. In 2017, the company reported first-quarter pretax income of $40,000 and forecasted pretax

> Record the following events of Chemical Dependency Clinic, a VHWO: 1. Membership dues of $9,000 were collected. 2. Cash contributions of $22,000 and pledges for $32,000 were received. 3. It is estimated that 10% of the above pledges will prove uncollecti

> Wellington Manufacturing manufactures industrial ovens used primarily in the process of coating or painting metals. The ovens are sold throughout the world, and units are manufactured to customers&acirc;&#128;&#153; specifications. On June 15, the compan

> A partial balance sheet of Tree State University, a public university, as of the end of its fiscal year, July 31, 2018, is as follows: The following information pertains to the year ended July 31, 2019: a. Cash collected from students&acirc;&#128;&#153

> From the following information, prepare a statement of activities for the city of Rose as of June 30, 2019. Expenses: General government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. $1,300,000 Pu

> The pre closing trial balance of Excel Private College has the following balances: Required 1. Prepare closing entries for the three net asset classifications. 2. Prepare a statement of activities for the year ended December 31, 2018, using a column f

> The following events occurred as part of the operations of Craig State University, a public university: 1. To construct a new computer complex, the university floated at par a $22,000,000, 7% serial bond issue on October 1, paying interest on June 30 and

> You are given the following post-closing trial balance for the Special Assessment Capital Projects Fund of the city of Stone Creek as of January 1, 2018. The project was started last year and should be completed in June of 2018. The special assessments

> Super Senior Agency is a VHWO. The following events occurred during the year. The agency uses one control account for its fixed assets, with supporting subsidiary records. 1. Property was purchased for $200,000. A down payment of $40,000 was made from un

> Problem 21-5 presents the balance sheet of St. John Corporation as of the end of the prior year. Assume that the company is not able to service its debts and is unable to secure any significant restructuring arrangements from its primary lenders. As a re

> Laurel Rose has been the personal representative of her brother’s estate since his death on February 1 of the current year. The following events, all of which occurred in the current year unless otherwise stated, occurred during her administration: 1. In

> Eleanor Matsun died on June 1 of the current year, leaving a valid will with James Madison being named as her personal representative. All of the following occurred in the year of her death: a. The personal representative prepared the following inventory

> The following nominal accounts were extracted from the December 31, 2018, adjusted trial balance of Prospect Private Hospital: Required Prepare a statement of activities for the year ended December 31, 2018. Debit Credit Gross Patient Service Reven

> Tebon Manufacturing is considering seeking relief under Chapter 7 of the Bankruptcy Code. However, the company would prefer to engage in out-of-court activities that would allow for a restructuring of debts in an orderly manner. Before approaching its cr

> Calvin Hughes’s will have provided for the following distributions: a. The 40-acre parcel in Leona, Wisconsin, is to be given to The Nature Conservancy along with $50,000. b. My 1970 GTO Pontiac convertible along with my 1937 Chevrolet pickup truck are t

> Roger Kramer’s wife Sarah passed away five years ago, and she made Roger promise to continue to provide care for Sarah’s sister Margaret Smith and let her live in their residence for a period of time. Roger and Sarah had no children, and Margaret Smith w

> Determine the correct value for each of the following questions: 1. Assume that an individual gives cash to the following parties: $25,000 to a charitable organization, $15,000 to her grandson for his college tuition, $8,000 to her granddaughter to buy a

> Determine the correct value for each of the following questions: 1. Assuming that a single person has made taxable lifetime gifts of $1.2 million, what is the largest taxable estate that could exist and still not incur any estate tax? 2. Helen made separ

> A hospital has three revenue-controlling accounts: Patient Service Revenues, Other Operating Revenues, and Non operating Revenues. 1. State in general terms the type of revenues found in each controlling account. 2. Indicate into which of the three contr

> Record the following capital-related transactions for Private University plant funds: 1. Transfers of $250,000 are received from the current unrestricted fund for the purpose of funding the payment of existing debt principal ($50,000) and building an add

> Record the following annuity and life income activities of Private University: 1. On July 1, 2019, R. W. Fields, emeritus professor of accounting, moved out of the state. Fields donated to the university common stock with a cost basis of $40,000 and a fa

> Record the following endowment activity events of Private University: 1. An alumnus donates $250,000 to the endowment fund. The cash is fully invested in bonds with a face value of $242,000 that are purchased at an $8,000 premium. The income earned is to

> Record the following events that affect the loan activities of Private University: 1. An alumnus donates $420,000 to establish the student loan fund. Students are charged a 5% annual interest rate. 2. Loans of $380,000 are made to students. 3. The remain

> Record the following operating activities: 1. Student fees of $600,000 were assessed, of which $575,000 has been collected and $4,000 is estimated to be uncollectible. 2. The bookstore operates in rented space and is run on a break-even basis. Revenues t

> Record the following events that affect (1) Public University and (2) Private University: a. A private grant of $200,000 was received to be used exclusively for defraying costs of holding conferences on the topic of genes. b. By year-end, $110,000 of t

> A large corporate farming operation is holding an inventory of corn and wheat and is concerned that excess harvests this season will lower the value of the commodities. In order to hedge against adverse market changes, the corporation acquired the follow

> Alpha Hospital, a nongovernmental not-for-profit organization, has adopted an accounting policy that does not imply a time restriction on gifts of long-lived assets. For items (1) through (6), indicate the manner in which the transaction affects Alpha’s

> Recover Rehabilitation Hospital has the following balances that are extracted from its December 31, 2019, trial balance: From the above information, prepare a statement of activities for the year ended December 31, 2019. Account Debit Credit Nursin

> Transactions (a) through (e) took place in Stoney Heights Private Hospital during the year ending December 31, 2019. a. Gross revenues of $5,000,000 were earned for service to Medicare patients. b. Expected contractual adjustments with Medicare, a third-

> Indicate with choices (a) through (f) how the following events are recorded in a private university: a. Credit Contributions&mdash;Unrestricted b. Credit Contributions&mdash;Temporarily Restricted c. Credit Contributions&mdash;Permanently Restricted

> Record the following events of Mayo Health Clinic, a VHWO: 1. In her will, a leading citizen left a bequest of $400,000 to the clinic. Stipulations were that the amount was to become the corpus of a permanent endowment. Any income received would be used

> Whole Life Clinic is a VHWO that has three main programs Drug rehabilitation Alcohol recovery Weight control Unrestricted public support received during the period was $35,000; revenues from membership services were $12,000. The following expenses and al

> Select the best answer for each of the following multiple-choice items dealing with not-for-profit organizations: 1. Which of the following criteria would suggest that a not-for-profit capitalize its works of art, historical treasures, or similar assets?

> Distinguish between accounting and financial reporting for state and local governments and VHWOs for the following issues: 1. Measurement focus and basis of accounting 2. Revenue recognition 3. Depreciation expense 4. Capital assets

> Early in 2018, a not-for profit organization received a $4,000,000 gift from a wealthy benefactor. This benefactor specified that the gift be invested in perpetuity with income restricted to provide speaker fees for a lecture series named for the benefac

> What are the rules for recording infrastructure under the new GASB reporting model? When are these rules effective? What conditions must exist in order to use one method versus another? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each approach?

> Millikin Corporation decided to hedge two transactions. The first transaction is a forecasted transaction to buy 500 tons of inventory in 60 days. The company was concerned that selling prices might increase, and it acquired a 60-day option to buy invent

> Select the best answer to the following multiple-choice questions: 1. Which of the following statements is correct concerning a governmental entity&acirc;&#128;&#153;s combined statement of cash flows? a. Cash flows from capital financing activities are

> List some of the major adjustments required when converting from fund financial statements to government wide statements. Why are these adjustments necessary?

> Select the best answer to the following multiple-choice questions: 1. Which of the following adjustments would likely be made when moving from governmental funds financial statements to government-wide financial statements? a. Record an additional expens

> Assume Boulder City has the following fund structure: General fund Special revenue fund (3) Capital projects fund (2) Debt service fund (4) Expendable trust funds (3) Internal service funds (3) Enterprise funds (6) General fixed assets account group Gene

> Based on the information presented in the 2013 city of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, financial statements, list the major funds disclosed by the city. How were these funds determined? Likewise, what minimum amounts of which statement items were used to determine

2.99

See Answer