Question: Sarah is vice president of production for

> Do district courts have to follow the decisions of all circuit courts?

> What is meant by the Golsen rule?

> Nadia sells land for $4,000 and the buyer assumes her $13,000 mortgage. She pays $1,000 in real estate commissions on the sale. Identify the tax issue(s) posed by the facts presented. Determine the possible tax consequences of each issue that you ident

> What are the three trial courts? Which is most important?

> Name the subdivisions of the Internal Revenue Code.

> The Internal Revenue Code is just one part of the U.S. Code. Explain.

> On what grounds have tax protesters challenged the income tax?

> Use any print or CATR service or the Internet to find the Revenue Ruling or Revenue Procedure that provides instructions on requesting a letter ruling. Indicate the number of the Revenue Ruling or Revenue Procedure, and the IRS reference.

> What is meant by the history of a cited case?

> Differentiate a cited case and a citing case.

> Why do some court decisions have two or three different citations?

> What does it mean when the Supreme Court issues a writ of certiorari?

> How many chapters are within Subtitle A?

> Bernadero Corporation sells a construction crane with an adjusted basis of $32,000 for $37,000. The corporation paid $50,000 for the crane. Identify the tax issue(s) posed by the facts presented. Determine the possible tax consequences of each issue th

> What would be the general nature of Sec. 612? Sec. 6601?

> Fred, age 50, plans to retire when he reaches age 65. He is considering investing in either an IRA or a Roth IRA. He plans to contribute $6,500 per year until he retires. He expects his marginal tax rate to be 28% until he retires, when he expects the

> William, Daniel, and Thomas are brothers who have decided to form an engineering firm. Although Thomas has an MBA degree and will function primarily as the firm’s financial expert, he has no formal tax knowledge. William and Daniel are bringing clients

> Assume the same facts as in problem 87. In the next year, TAG distributes $5,000 to Logo. What are the tax effects of the distribution? Data from Problem 87: Logo Corporation, a domestic corporation, owns 100% of TAG, a foreign corporation. TAG is Log

> Assume that in problem 77, Stan sells the machinery in 2023 for $28,500. Determine the effect of the sale on Stan's regular taxable income and his alternative minimum taxable income in 2023. Data from Problem 77: Stan purchases machinery costing $100,0

> Stan purchases machinery costing $100,000 for use in his business in 2017. The machinery is 7-year MACRS property and has an ADS life of 12 years. Prepare a depreciation schedule using the regular MACRS method and ADS depreciation assuming that Stan do

> Determine the total amount of tax due and the amount of the alternative minimum tax in each of the following situations: a. Wilbur Corporation's regular tax liability is $180,000, and its tentative alternative minimum tax is $150,000. b. Gene's regular t

> Willtem Corporation has total general business credits of $25,000. It has a net regular tax liability of $17,000 and its tentative alternative minimum tax is $13,000. What can Willtem deduct as its general business credit?

> Hurst Corporation wants to provide child care for its employees. Because Hurst does not have a suitable facility on its own premises, it rents a building for the center. The rent for the year totals $61,000. In addition, Hurst hires a qualified direct

> Return to the facts of problem 72. Assume that Lavinia sells the building in April 2020. a. How much of the older buildings tax credit must Lavinia recapture? b. Assuming the building qualified for both credits, how much of the historic structures credi

> Jammer, Inc., sells a building for $180,000. The company paid $135,000 for the building four years earlier and had taken $12,000 in depreciation on it up to the date of the sale. Identify the tax issue(s) posed by the facts presented. Determine the pos

> Lavinia owns an advertising agency. In February 2017, Lavinia purchases for $32,000 a building that was originally placed in service in 1922. Lavinia spends $65,000 rehabilitating the building for use as her advertising agency office. The rehabilitation

> Clinton Corporation spent $800,000 on qualified research activities during the current year. Clinton's fixed base percentage is 10%, and its annual average gross receipts for the four preceding years is $2,000,000. a. What is Clinton's allowable increme

> Sonya owns 60% and her sister Karen owns 40% of the Tanglewood Group. They inherited their ownership from their mother who died in 2016. Sonya is the president and CFO of the corporation and receives a salary of $140,000, which is reasonable given her

> On July 1, 2017, Howard is granted the right to acquire 500 shares of the Matoney Corporation for $15 per share. The option qualifies under the company’s incentive stock option plan. The current fair market value of the stock is $12. On August 18, 20

> Return to the facts of problem 67. Assume that Louise sells the stock on October 31, 2018 for $35 per share. Determine the tax consequences for Louise and Somerton on the date of sale. Data from Problem 66 and 67 On May 10, 2017, Somerton Inc., grants

> Return to the facts of problem 66. If the stock is subject to substantial restrictions, what are the tax consequences for both Louise and Somerton on the date Louise is granted the stock option and the date she exercises the stock assuming she does not

> On May 10, 2017, Somerton Inc., grants Louise a nonqualified stock option to acquire 700 shares of the company’s stock for $11 per share. The fair market value of the stock on the date of grant is $13. The option does not have a readily ascertainable f

> Return to the facts of problem 64. On November 30, 2018, when the fair market value of the stock is $30 he sells the stock. Determine the tax consequences to both Albert and the Beaconsfield Corporation in each situation presented in problem 64. Data

> On September 1, 2017, Beaconsfield Corporation grants Albert a nonqualified stock option to acquire 500 shares of the company’s stock for $8 per share. The fair market value of the stock on the date of grant is $14. Determine the tax consequences to bo

> Juan and Angel, ages 56 and 54, respectively, decide to establish Roth IRAs. Juan and Angel are married, and both are covered by pension plans where they work. Their adjusted gross income is $125,000. They want to make the maximum contribution to the

> Bostian Company reports a net Section 1231 gain of $31,000 during the current year. Identify the tax issue(s) posed by the facts presented. Determine the possible tax consequences of each issue that you identify.

> Glenna is retired from the Cherry Hills Corporation. When she retired at 68, she decided to take her pension as a lump-sum distribution and roll over the proceeds tax free into her IRA. On January 1, 2015, she began to receive the required $22,000 dist

> During the current year, Kyung purchases a boat for $70,000. Because she has only $7,000 of the necessary $14,000 down payment, Kyung makes a $7,000 withdrawal from her IRA account. Immediately before the withdrawal, the balance in her account consists

> Ross is single and maintains an IRA. During a trip to Las Vegas in 2017, he wins $14,000 at the roulette wheel. He decides to put half his earnings in his IRA account and spend the other half on a trip to Europe. At the end of 2017, the total assets i

> Hector is a single taxpayer with adjusted gross income of $123,000. What is the maximum contribution that he can make to a Roth IRA for the current year?

> Suresh is sales representative for Swinley Manufacturing. The corporation maintains a defined contribution profit sharing plan on behalf of its employees. The company contributes 15% of each employee’s salary. Suresh’s salary for the year is $200,000.

> Felicia is a single taxpayer who retired from her job as a sales executive with Waynesville Associates, LLC. During 2016, she turns 70 ½ and decides to begin withdrawing the $320,000 in assets (balance as of December 31, 2015) in her pension account. H

> Ghon is a married taxpayer who retired from his job at Smithfield Printing in 2016. During 2017, he turns 70 1/2 and begins withdrawing the $215,000 (balance December 31, 2016) in assets in his pension account. Smithfield maintains a noncontributory pe

> In October 2016, the Clark Corporation decides to establish a SIMPLE-401(k) retirement plan for its employees. Clark meets all requirements for establishing a SIMPLE. The company has notified its employees that in 2017, it will fund the SIMPLE-401(k) by

> Lenore, a single taxpayer with adjusted gross income of $66,000, is covered by her employer's pension plan. She makes a $5,500 contribution to her IRA during the current year. a. How much of the contribution can Lenore deduct? b. Assume the same facts

> Zorica and Pierre are married and file a joint return. Zorica earns $59,500 and Pierre $45,000. Their adjusted gross income is $106,000. Determine the maximum IRA contribution and deduction in each of the following cases: a. Neither Zorica nor Pierre i

> Deskjet Corporation sells equipment with an adjusted basis of $22,000 for $3,000. The corporation paid $43,000 for the equipment three years ago. Identify the tax issue(s) posed by the facts presented. Determine the possible tax consequences of each is

> Ferris and Jody are married and file a joint return. During the current year, Ferris had a salary of $45,000. Neither Ferris nor Jody is covered by an employer-sponsored pension plan. Determine the maximum IRA contribution and deduction amounts in eac

> Warren is a partner in Baines Brothers, a consulting firm specializing in the design of Intranets. Baines maintains a profit-sharing Keogh plan for its partners and employees. Warren owns a 10% partnership interest in Baines Brothers. Determine the ma

> Manuel is an employee of the Etowah Corporation and has worked for the company for 22 years. Employees are not required to make contributions to the company’s defined benefit plan. Based on the plan, Manuel can retire at 40% of the average of his three

> Salvadore, 35, is an employee of the Malthouse Corporation. Henrique, 40, is an employee of the Sheedy Corporation. Both belong to a contributory pension plan that requires them to match their employers’ contributions of $70 per month. Each plans to re

> Conrad is a citizen and resident of Trinidad. He receives an $8,000 dividend from Sturino Industries, a U. S. domestic corporation. a. What is the tax treatment of the dividend? b. Under what circumstances would the dividend not be taxable?

> Taverez is a foreign corporation that operates a manufacturing plant in Lubbock, Texas. Taverez sells its products to customers outside the U. S. In the current year, Taverez’s gross revenue is $4.0 million. Cost of goods sold and other operating expe

> Readyhough Industries, a U.S. corporation with a 34% marginal tax rate, forms Brandon, Inc., a wholly-owned foreign corporation that operates in Ireland. In exchange for 100% of Brandon’s stock, Readyhough transfers $250,000 cash and property with a bas

> Flagler Corporation paid $75,000 in foreign taxes on $250,000 in foreign income during the current year. Flagler's total taxable income is $800,000. a. What is Flagler's foreign tax credit? b. Assume that Flagler paid $112,500 on its foreign income. Wh

> Petro Corporation is a U.S. corporation with operations in several foreign countries as well as in the United States. During the current year, Petro’s worldwide taxable income is $600,000. Petro’s foreign source income is $180,000, on which it pays $45

> Martina purchases 10,000 shares of Monrovia Corporation stock for $90,000 on November 14, 2016. On June 18, 2017, Monrovia declares bankruptcy. Because the corporation’s assets are less than its liabilities, the stock is determined to be worthless on O

> As a gift for her granddaughter Ella's 13th birthday, Melanie bought 500 shares of Soft'n Sales Corporation stock on September 25, 2012. Melanie bought the stock directly from the underwriter for $20,000. Soft'n Sales had just gone public, and Melanie

> Norman, a U.S. corporation, owns 100% of Monterio, a foreign corporation operating in Barbados, which has no income tax. Norman ships goods directly to its foreign customers from its Atlanta manufacturing operations. Monterio processes all sales invoic

> Logo Corporation, a domestic corporation, owns 100% of TAG, a foreign corporation. TAG is Logo’s only source of income. During the current year, TAG receives $80,000 of dividends and interest from its foreign investments. TAG pays $6,000 in foreign tax

> Assume the same facts as in problem 85, except that Irehoe’s income consists solely of commissions from selling farm equipment manufactured and distributed by Smile Corporation to foreign buyers. Data from Problem 85: Smile Corporation invests $2.0 mill

> Smile Corporation invests $2.0 million for a 49% interest in Irehoe Inc., a newly formed Irish corporation that manufactures farm equipment. Jim, a U. S. resident, owns 10% of Irehoe. Jim owns no stock in Smile Corporation. An Irish corporation owns t

> Stanton Technology owns 100% of Goldman Corporation, a controlled foreign corporation. Goldman’s taxable income from its manufacturing operations is $3.0 million and it does not pay a dividend during the year. Goldman pays foreign taxes on its income a

> Bivona Corporation forms Jarvis Corporation in the country of Simants. Bivona owns 90% of Jarvis’ voting stock and 30% of its preferred stock. The remaining Jarvis stock is owned by citizens of Simants. The preferred shares represent 20% of the fair m

> Determine the AMT exemption amount for each of the following taxpayers: a. Nominal Corporation has an alternative minimum taxable income of $140,000. b. Janine is a single individual with an alternative minimum taxable income of $165,000. c. Jagged Corpo

> Pauline is considering investing in bonds. Her broker has given her several options to consider. The first option is to invest in city bonds with an interest rate of 6%. The second option involves the purchase of private activity bonds (subject to the

> Joan and Matthew are married, have two children, and report the following items on their current year’s tax return: Determine Joan and Matthew's regular tax liability and, if applicable, the amount of their alternative minimum tax. W

> Alice and Frank had the following items on their current-year tax return: Determine the amount of the adjustments that Alice and Frank will have to make in computing their alternative minimum tax. Adjusted gross income $140,000 Less: Deductions fro

> Carter owns 1,200 shares of Echo Corporation stock. He purchased 400 shares of the stock on December 23, 2015 for $48,000, and the other 800 shares on October 31, 2016, for $84,000. On August 14, 2017, he sells 500 shares of the stock for $15,000 and p

> The Schwarzbach Corporation manufactures metal fasteners at a cost of 55 cents per fastener and sells them to wholesalers for 60 cents each. During the year, it establishes a 100% owned CFC in Portugal to sell the fasteners in Europe. Schwarzbach sells

> Lisa works full time at the Snowden Corporation as a manager in quality control. She is trying to get her employer to initiate a retirement program for all Snowden employees who make more than $80,000 a year. Identify the tax issue(s) posed by the facts

> John is single and has $74,000 income from his job at Lawndale Ice Cream Company. He wants to invest $150 a month in an IRA but is not sure which type he qualifies for and whether this would be a better investment than putting the money in a money marke

> The United States and the country of Bersia are about to enter into a tax treaty. The U. S. is especially interested in establishing a treaty because many U. S. students attend medical school in Bersia and work while getting their medical degrees. In

> Genco Company is a small manufacturing company that makes metal presses for larger manufacturing companies. Genco is located in a large city and desires to expand its operations, which will require it to hire more workers. Some of the workers need to b

> The Alternative Minimum Tax remains a very controversial item that affects a greater number of taxpayers each year. Go to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_Minimum_Tax and read through the wiki that discusses the Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT) and

> Use the Internet to find articles or discussions about planning aspects of Roth IRAs and regular IRAs. Trace the steps you use to find additional information (search engine or tax directory used and key words). Write a summary of the information you fi

> Assume the same facts as in problem 98, except that Jingling’s royalty income is from investments located in Japan. Data from Problem 98: Jingling Corporation is wholly owned by Jing and Ling, who are residents of Japan. Jingling is located in Nebraska

> Jingling Corporation is wholly owned by Jing and Ling, who are residents of Japan. Jingling is located in Nebraska and produces home furniture. Jingling sells its furniture directly to final customers in the U. S. and Japan. Jingling earns $250,000 fr

> Nina is the auditor for Geiger Construction, a local builder. Geiger recently renovated a historic building in downtown Kingston. The building, which consists of 5 shops, is owned by the Restoring Historic Kingston Partnership (RHKP). Nina is also the

> While snorkeling on spring break in Cancun, Melody finds a small bag containing several jewels lodged between some rocks about 25 yards offshore. She reports the find to the local authorities. However, no one has reported a loss of jewels, and Melody i

> What tax credits are allowed for AMT purposes?

> What is Congress trying to accomplish with the use of tax credits? Provide an example of a tax credit and Congress’s purpose for creating it.

> Why are business credits allowed to be carried forward to future tax years?

> Why are tax credits rather than a deduction used to provide tax relief?

> What is the tax treatment of a stock option that qualifies as an incentive stock option? What is the treatment if the requirements are not met?

> What requirements must a stock option meet to qualify as an incentive stock option?

> What is the advantage of making a Section 83(b) election?

> How is a nonqualified stock option taxed if it is subject to substantial risk of forfeiture?

> Explain the difference in the tax treatment of a nonqualified stock option that has a readily ascertainable fair market value and one that does not have a readily ascertainable fair market value.

> Explain the differences between a nonqualified stock option plan and an incentive stock option plan.

> Jackie receives 100 shares of stock as a birthday gift from her Uncle Horace. Horace acquired the shares 22 years ago for $4 each. The stock's value on Jackie's birthday is $36 per share. She sells half her shares for $1,500 five months after her birt

> Discuss the penalty provisions associated with Roth IRAs.

> Discuss the penalty provisions associated with qualified pension plans, Keoghs, and IRAs.

> Generally, at what age can pension plan distributions begin? When must they begin? Explain any exceptions to these general rules.

> How is the required minimum distribution (RMD) from a pension plan determined?

> Compare the different funding options available to an employer under a SIMPLE-IRA plan and a SIMPLE-401(k) plan. Discuss how these funding options affect the amount the employee and employer can contribute to the plan.

> What requirements must a taxpayer meet to establish a simplified employee pension plan?

> How does a simplified employee pension plan differ from a Keogh plan? From a qualified pension plan?

> Are all taxpayers (including spouses of active participants) allowed a deduction for a contribution to an individual retirement account? Explain.

> How does being an owner-partner affect the amount that can be contributed to a Keogh plan?