The aging method is closely related to the a. Income statement. b. Balance sheet. c. Statement of cash flows. d. Statement of retained earnings.
> Why do the four inventory costing methods produce different amounts for the cost of ending inventory and cost of goods sold?
> Describe the difference between F.O.B. shipping point and F.O.B. destination.
> Identify the accounting items for which adjustments are made to the invoice price of goods when determining the net cost of purchases.
> Why are adjustments made to the invoice price of goods when determining the cost of inventory?
> Why are perpetual inventory systems more expensive to operate than periodic inventory systems? What conditions justify the additional cost of a perpetual inventory system?
> How do the perpetual and periodic inventory accounting systems differ from each other?
> Samba Corporation operates in an industry with a high collectability issues. Recently, one of Samba’s customers wrote a check for $235 for services performed. Samba’s bank later informed Samba that its customer did not have cash available in his account
> How is cost of goods sold determined?
> Spotted Singer sells karaoke machines to businesses and consumers via the Internet. On January 1, 2019, Spotted Singer Inc. has an Accounts Receivable balance of $997,000 and a credit balance in its Allowance for Doubtful Accounts of $24,000. During 2019
> What are the components of cost of goods available for sale and cost of goods sold?
> Compare the flow of inventory costs between merchandisers and manufacturers.
> Describe the types of inventories used by manufacturers and merchandisers.
> What are the differences between merchandisers and manufacturers?
> The information for Mathis and Reece companies given below. Mathis Company and Reece Company use the perpetual inventory system. The following transactions occurred during the month of April: a. On April 1, Mathis purchased merchandise on account from R
> Hempstead Company has the following data for 2019: Required: 1. How many units were sold? 2. Using the cost of goods sold model, determine the cost of goods sold. Item Units Cost Inventory, 12/31/2018 Purchases 940 4,510 $10,340 49,610 Inventory, 12/
> Spartan Inc. regularly provides services to Grieder Supply on terms 3/10, n/40 and records sales at gross. During a recent month, the two firms engaged in the following transactions: a. Spartan sold merchandise with a list price of $250,000. b. Spartan s
> Selected information from Small Company’s financial statements follows. Required: 1. Calculate the following ratios for 2018 and 2019: (a) Gross profit margin, (b) Operating margin, (c) Net profit margin, and (d) Accounts receivable
> Sloan Systems sells voice mail systems to small businesses. Sloan engaged in the following activities involving notes receivable (round to nearest dollar): a. On October 1, 2019, Sloan sold an $8,000 system to Majors Company. Majors gave Sloan a 7-month,
> Engle, a furniture company, made an error in recording a check received from a customer. Last month, Engle’s customer bought a table for $909. Upon receiving the check from the customer, Engel entered the check as an increase of cash of $990. Required:
> King Enterprises had 27 customers utilizing its financial planning services in 2019. Each customer paid King $25,000 for receiving King’s assistance. King estimates that 2% of its $675,000 credit sales in 2019 will be uncollectible. During 2020, King wro
> At the beginning of the year, Lennon Electronics had an accounts receivable balance of $34,800 and a balance in the allowance for doubtful accounts of $3,640 (credit). During the year, Lennon had credit sales of $891,420, collected accounts receivable in
> Carol Simon, the manager of Handy Plumbing has provided the following aging schedule for Handy’s accounts receivable: Carol indicates that the $125,200 of accounts receivable identified in the table does not include $9,400 of receivable
> Kelly’s Collectibles sells nearly half its merchandise on credit. During the past 4 years, the following data were developed for credit sales and losses from uncollectible accounts: * Losses from uncollectible accounts are the actual lo
> Johnson Tires has three stores. Each store manager is paid a salary plus a bonus on the sales made by his or her store. On January 5, 2020, Kevin Sampson, manager of one of the stores, resigned. Kevin’s store had doubled its expected December 2019 sales,
> Smithson Products sells legal supplies to law firms. Gross sales in 2019 were $2,750,600 (Smithson’s list price) on terms 3/10, n/30. Customers paid for $2,427,900 (Smithson’s list price) of the merchandise within the discount period and the remaining $3
> Parker Electronics sells cell phones. During 2019, Parker sold 1,500 units at an average of $500 per unit. Each unit cost Parker $350. At present, Parker offers no sales discounts. Parker’s controller suggests that a generous sales discount policy would
> Mary Wade owns a small business that rents parking spaces to students at the local university. Mary’s typical rental contract requires the student to pay the year’s rent of $720 ($60 per month) in advance. When Mary prepares financial statements at the e
> Katie Vote owns a small business that rents computers to students at the local university for the 9-month school year. Katie’s typical rental contract requires the student to pay the year’s rent of $1,800 ($200 per month) in advance. When Katie prepares
> Sims Company regularly provides services to Lauber Supply on terms 1/15, n/30 and records sales at gross. During a recent month, the two firms engaged in the following transactions: a. Sims provided services with a list price of $85,000. b. Sims provided
> Selected information from Bigg Company’s financial statements follows: Required: 1. Calculate the following ratios for 2018 and 2019: (a) Gross profit margin, (b) Operating margin, (c) Net profit margin, and (d) Accounts receivable
> Roeker Company provides information systems consultation services to large companies in the Chicagoland area. Due to a dip in the economy, Roeker has increased the percentage of credit sales which it believes will be uncollectible from 3.0% to 3.2% for 2
> Hula Corp. utilizes J.P. Morgan Chase in its banking transactions. For the month of August, 2019, J.P. Morgan Chase presented Hula with its bank statement as follows: Balance, August 31, 2019..............................................................
> Yarnell Electronics sells computer systems to small businesses. Yarnell engaged in the following activities involving notes receivable: a. On September 1, 2019, Yarnell sold a $10,000 system to Ross Company. Ross gave Yarnell a 6-month, 7% note as paymen
> At the beginning of the year, Tennyson Auto Parts had an accounts receivable balance of $31,800 and a balance in the allowance for doubtful accounts of $2,980 (credit). During the year, Tennyson had credit sales of $624,300, collected accounts receivable
> Cindy Bagnal, the manager of Cayce Printing Service, has provided the following aging schedule for Cayce’s accounts receivable: Cindy indicates that the $121,100 of accounts receivable identified in the table does not include $4,600 of
> The Glass House, a glass and china store, sells nearly half its merchandise on credit. During the past 4 years, the following data were developed for credit sales and losses from uncollectible accounts: * Losses from uncollectible accounts are the actual
> Yancy’s Hardware has three stores. Each store manager is paid a salary plus a bonus on the sales made by his or her store. On January 5, 2020, Bill Slick, manager of one of the stores, resigned. Bill’s store had doubled its expected December 2019 sales,
> Helmkamp Products sells golf clubs and accessories to pro shops. Gross sales in 2019 were $2,850,700 (Helmkamp’s list price) on terms 2/15, n/45. Customers paid for $2,000,000 (Helmkamp’s list price) of the merchandise within the discount period and the
> Compton Audio sells MP3 players. During 2019, Compton sold 1,750 units at an average of $225 per unit. Each unit costs Compton $150. At present, Compton offers no sales discounts. Compton’s controller suggests that a generous sales discount policy would
> Food To Go is a local catering service. Conceptually, when should Food To Go recognize revenue from its catering service? a. At the date the meals are served b. At the date the invoice is mailed to the customer c. At the date the customer places the orde
> Under the gross method, the seller records discounts taken by the buyer a. At the time of sale. b. At the end of the period in question. c. Never; discounts are irrelevant under the gross method. d. As a reduction to sales revenue.
> Assume the same information as in Brief Exercise 5-42: Gordon’s Grocers purchases bread from Buddy’s Bread Company at $1.45 per loaf. Gordon’s engaged in a customer service contract to purchase 20,000 loaves of Buddy’s bread. Buddy offered credit at term
> Net profit margin percentage is calculated by a. Dividing operating income by (net) sales. b. Subtracting operating income from (net) sales. c. Dividing net income by (net) sales. d. Subtracting net income from (net) sales.
> The Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) discussed five components of internal control. Required: Define and discuss these five components of internal control.
> The ‘‘principal’’ of a note receivable refers to a. The amount of interest due. b. The amount of cash borrowed. c. The present value of the note. d. The financing company that is lending the money.
> Zenephia Corp. accepted a 9-month note receivable from a customer on October 1, 2019. If Zenephia has an accounting period which ends on December 31, 2019, when would it most likely recognize interest income from the note? a. December 31, 2019, and June
> Which one of the following statements is true if a company’s collection period for accounts receivable is unacceptably long? a. Cash flows from operations may be higher than expected for the company’s sales. b. The company may offer trade discounts to le
> The process by which firm’s package factored receivables as financial instruments or securities and sell them to investors is known as a. Credit extension. b. Bundling. c. Aging of accounts receivable. d. Securitization.
> The percentage of credit sales approach is closely related to the a. Income statement. b. Balance sheet. c. Statement of retained earnings. d. Statement of cash flows.
> Which of the following best describes the concept of the aging method of receivables? a. An accurate estimate of bad debt expense may be arrived at by multiplying historical bad debt rates by the amount of credit sales made during a period. b. The precis
> Which of the following best describes the objective of estimating bad debt expense with the percentage of credit sales method? a. To estimate the amount of bad debt expense based on an aging of accounts receivable b. To determine the amount of uncollecti
> Gordon’s Grocers purchases bread from Buddy’s Bread Company at $1.45 per loaf. Gordon’s recently engaged in a customer service contract with Buddy’s to purchase 20,000 loaves of Buddy’s bread. Buddy offered credit to Gordon’s at terms of 2/10, n/30. Budd
> If a company uses the direct write-off method of accounting for bad debts, a. It will report accounts receivable on the balance sheet at their net realizable value. b. It is applying the matching principle. c. It will reduce the Accounts Receivable accou
> Which one of the following best describes the allowance for doubtful accounts? a. Cash flow account b. Income statement account c. Contra-account d. Liability account
> Internal controls play a crucial role in a business. Required: Discuss why internal controls are important. What are the potential consequences of an internal control failure?
> All of the following are ways in which receivables are commonly distinguished except a. Collectible or uncollectible. b. Trade or nontrade receivable. c. Current or noncurrent. d. Accounts or notes receivable.
> Which of the following statements concerning internal control procedures for merchandise sales is not correct? a. A sale and its associated receivable are recorded only when the order, shipping, and billing documents are all present. b. Shipping and bill
> On April 20, McLean Company provides lawn care services to Tazwell Corporation for $3,000 with terms 1/10, n/30. On April 28, Tazwell pays for half of the services provided, and on May 19 it pays for the other half. What is the total amount of cash McLea
> When should the net method be used to record sales revenue? a. Never—the gross method should always be used. b. When the discount terms are favorable to the customer. c. When the customer does not pay within the discount period. d. When the customer is e
> On August 31, 2019, Montana Corporation signed a 4-year contract to provide services for Minefield Company at $30,000 per year. Minefield will pay for each year of services on the first day of each service year, starting with September 1, 2019. Using the
> What does the phrase, ‘‘Revenue is recognized at the point of sale’’ mean? a. Revenue is recorded in the accounting records when the cash is received from a customer and reported on the income statement when sold to the customer. b. Revenue is recorded i
> When is revenue from the sale of merchandise normally recognized? a. When the customer takes possession of the merchandise, if sold for cash, or when payment is received, if sold on credit b. When the customer pays for the merchandise c. Either on the da
> H&R Wholesalers is a retailer providing low cost, bulk items to small companies. Companies must pay an annual membership fee of $100 to access H&R’s warehouses. H&R received yearly membership fees from 420 companies on August 1, 2019. Required: At Decem
> Arrow Products is a mail-order computer software sales outlet. Most of Arrow’s customers call on its toll-free phone line and order software, paying with a credit card. Required: Explain why the shipping and billing documents are important internal cont
> Anderson Lawn Service provides mowing, weed control, and pest management services for a flat fee of $300 per lawn per month. During November, Anderson collected $9,900 in cash from customers, which included $1,200 for lawn care provided in October. At th
> Volume Electronics sold a television to Sarah Merrifield on December 15, 2019. Sarah paid $100 at the time of the purchase and agreed to pay $100 each month for 5 months beginning January 15, 2020. Required: Determine in what month or months revenue fro
> Basque Inc. maintains a petty cash fund with a balance of $800. On December 31, Basque’s petty cash account has a balance of $60. Basque replenishes the petty cash account, as it does at the end of every month, but also decides to increase the fund balan
> Wallace Motors buys and sells used cars. Wallace made the following sales during January and February: a. Three cars were sold to Russell Taxi for a total of $75,000; the cars were delivered to Russell on January 18. Russell paid Wallace $20,000 on Janua
> The following information was taken from Logs den Manufacturing’s trial balances as of December 31, 2018, and December 31, 2019. Required: 1. Calculate the gross profit margin and operating margin percentage for 2019. (Note: Round answe
> The following information was taken from Nash Inc.’s trial balances as of December 31, 2018, and December 31, 2019. Required: 1. Calculate the net profit margin and accounts receivable turnover for 2019. (Note: Round answers to two deci
> Marydale Products permits its customers to defer payment by giving personal notes instead of cash. All the notes bear interest and require the customer to pay the entire note in a single payment 6 months after issuance. Consider the following transaction
> On November 30, 2019, Tucker Products performed computer programming services for Thomas Inc. in exchange for a 5-month, $125,000, 9% note receivable. Thomas paid Tucker the full amount of interest and principal on April 30, 2020. Required: Prepare the
> The new bookkeeper at Karlin Construction Company was asked to write off two accounts totaling $1,710 that had been determined to be uncollectible. Accordingly, he debited Accounts Receivable for $1,710 and credited Bad Debt Expense for the same amount.
> Ramsden Inc. provided consulting services with a gross price of $25,000 and terms of 2/10, n/30. Required: 1. Prepare the necessary journal entries to record the sale under the gross method. 2. Prepare the necessary journal entries to record collection
> Mallard Products had a balance of $350 in cash in its petty cash fund at the beginning of November. The following transactions took place in November: a. On November 1, the custodian paid $72 out of petty cash for new pens with Mallard’s newly designed l
> The cash account of Dixon Products reveals the following information: The bank statement for May contains the following information: Bank balance, 4/30................................................... $ 11,750 Add: Deposits during May.................
> Raymond Corporation received the following bank statement for the month of October: *NSF check **Debit memo (Rent Expense) ***Service charge The cash records of Raymond Corporation provide the following information: The items on the bank statement are co
> Shortly after July 31, Morse Corporation received a bank statement containing the following information: *NSF check **Bank service charge July cash transactions and balances on Morse’s records are shown in the following T-account: Requ
> After comparing cash register tapes with inventory records, the accountant for Benning Convenience Stores is concerned that someone at one of the stores is not recording some of that store’s cash sales and is stealing the cash from the unreported sales.
> Lee and Kim Cooper are planning to open and operate a clothing boutique in a newly developed subdivision. Lee and Kim are concerned that employees may try to pocket some of the cash collected from customers. Required: Identify some internal control proc
> Describe the potential sources of difference between a cash account and its associated bank statement balance.
> Internal control systems include policies and procedures designed to provide reasonable assurance that the corporation’s objectives are being met in three areas: (a) Effectiveness and efficiency of operations, (b) Reliability of financial reporting, an
> What is the primary role of internal controls in managing a business? a. To prevent cash from being stolen b. To ensure that the financial statements are presented in such a manner as to provide relevant and reliable information for financial statement u
> Which one of the following statements is true? a. Sound internal control practice dictates that cash disbursements should be made by check, unless the disbursement is very small. b. Petty cash can be substituted for a checking account to expedite the pay
> Cash management principles do not include a. earning the greatest return possible on excess cash. b. paying suppliers promptly. c. speeding up collection from customers. d. delaying payment of suppliers.
> Effective cash management and control includes all of the following except a. the use of a petty cash fund. b. bank reconciliations. c. purchase of stocks and bonds. d. short-term investments of excess cash.
> High level cash management strategies include a. bank reconciliations b. cash over and short c. petty cash d. delaying payment for suppliers
> The operating cycle is best described as the time between a. production and sale of inventory. b. the sale of inventory and collection of receivables. c. the formation of the company and the start of operations. d. purchase of goods for resale and collec
> Which one of the following is not a cash equivalent? a. 180-day note issued by a local or state government b. 90-day U.S. Treasury bill c. 60-day corporate commercial paper d. 30-day certificate of deposit
> Which one of the following would not appear on a bank statement for a checking account? a. Deposits b. Interest earned c. Service charges d. Outstanding checks
> Deposits made by a company but not yet reflected in a bank statement are called a. deposits in transit. b. debit memoranda. c. credit memoranda. d. None of the above.
> Describe two advantages of performing reconciliations of the cash account to the balances on the bank statements.
> Allowing only certain employees to order goods and services for the company is an example of what internal control procedure? a. Adequate documents and records b. Clearly defined authority and responsibility c. Safeguarding of assets and records d. Check
> Which of the following is not generally an internal control activity? a. Establishing clear lines of authority to carry out specific tasks b. Physically counting inventory in a perpetual inventory system c. Reducing the cost of hiring seasonal employees
> The internal audit function is part of what element of the internal control system? a. Control environment b. Monitoring c. Risk assessment d. Control activities
> Which of the following is not one of the five categories of control activities? a. Checks on recorded amounts b. Defalcation and financial reporting c. Clearly defined authority and responsibility d. Segregation of duties
> Which of the following is not one of the five components of internal control? a. Analysis of control procedures b. Information and communication c. Risk assessment d. Control environment
> Which of the following is not one of the three areas for which internal control systems are intended to provide reasonable assurance? a. Reliability of financial reporting b. Compliance with applicable laws and regulations c. Effectiveness and efficiency
> a. Dither and Sly are attorneys-at-law who specialize in federal income tax law. They complete their typical case in 6 months or less and collect from the typical client within 1 additional month. b. Johnston’s Market specializes in fresh meat and fish.
> A list of businesses is presented below: Required: 1. Match each business with a description of the operating cycle for that business. 2. How does a longer operating cycle (such as Description c or d) change a company’s financing needs
