Question: The following questions deal with management

> Ling, an audit manager, is planning the audit of Modern Technologies, Inc. (MT, Inc.), a manufacturer of electronic components. This is the first year that Ling’s audit firm has performed the audit for MT, Inc. Ling set the preliminary

> Analytical procedures are an important part of the audit process and consist of the evaluation of financial information by the study of plausible relationships among financial and nonfinancial data. Analytical procedures may be done during planning, as a

> The following are specific balance-related audit objectives applied to the audit of accounts receivable (a. through i.) and management assertions about account balances (1 through 6). The list referred to in the specific balance-related audit objectives

> Your comparison of the gross margin percent for Jones Drugs for the years 2016 through 2019 indicates a significant decline. This is shown by the following information: A discussion with Tanvi Anand, the controller, brings to light two possible explana

> The minutes of the board of directors of the Tetonic Metals Company for the year ended December 31, 2019, were provided to you. Meeting of March 5, 2019 The meeting of the board of directors of Tetonic Metals was called to order by James Cook, the chairm

> Your audit firm was recently engaged to conduct the financial statement audit for BBH Automotive, an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) in the automotive industry. As the senior manager on the engagement, you are performing initial audit planning and

> You are auditing payroll for the Morehead Technologies company for the year ended October 31, 2019. Included next are amounts from the client’s trial balance, along with comparative audited information for the prior year. You have obt

> Following are the auditor’s calculations of several key ratios for Cragston Star Products. The primary purpose of this information is to understand the client’s business and assess the risk of financial failure, but an

> This problem requires the use of ACL software, which can be accessed by following the instructions available on the textbook website. Information about downloading and using ACL and the commands used in this problem can also be found on the textbook webs

> What are the information and established criteria for the audit of Jones Company’s tax return by an internal revenue agent? What are they for the audit of Jones Company’s financial statements by a CPA firm?

> The following are specific transaction-related audit objectives applied to the audit of cash disbursement transactions (a. through f.), management assertions about classes of transactions and events and related disclosures (1 through 6), and general tran

> The following audit procedures were performed in the audit of inventor to satisfy specific balance-related audit objectives as discussed in Chapter 6. The audit procedures assume that the auditor has obtained the inventory count sheets that list the clie

> The following are various audit procedures performed to satisfy specific transaction-related audit objectives as discussed in Chapter 6. The general transaction-related audit objectives from Chapter 6 are also included. Audit Procedures 1. Trace from re

> As auditor of the Star Manufacturing Company, you have obtained a trial balance taken from the books of Star one month before year end: There are no inventories consigned either in or out. All notes receivable are due from outsiders and held by Star.

> The following are examples of documentation typically obtained by auditors: 1. Duplicate sales invoices 2. Receiving reports 3. Minutes of the board of directors 4. Signed W-4s 5. Subsidiary accounts receivable records 6. Vendors’ invoices 7. General led

> For the following independent situations, assume that you are the audit partner on the engagement: 1. A number of frozen yogurt stores have opened in the last few years and your client, YogurtLand, has experienced a noticeable decline in customer traffic

> Patel, CPA, has completed the audit of the financial statements of Bellamy Corporation as of and for the year ended December 31, 2019. Patel also audited and reported on the Bellamy financial statements for the prior year. Patel drafted the following rep

> A careful reading of an unmodified opinion audit report indicates several important phrases. Explain why each of the following phrases or clauses is used rather than the alternative provided: a. “The accompanying financial statements present fairly, in a

> The following questions require you to access AICPA standards (www.aicpa.org), PCAOB auditing standards (pcaobus.org), and IAASB auditing standards (www.iaasb.org). a. Your audit supervisor stated it was important for you to understand AU-C 315. Which or

> In the normal course of performing their responsibilities, auditors often conduct audits or reviews of the following: 1. The computer operations of a large corporation to evaluate whether the internal controls are likely to prevent misstatements in accou

> Identify some of the most important ways that the profession and society encourage CPAs to conduct themselves at a high level.

> The following (1 through 16) are the balance-related and transaction related audit objectives. Identify the specific audit objective (1 through 16) that each of the following specific audit procedures (a. through l.) satisfies in the audit of sales, ac

> There are many types of information that require assurance. Individually or in groups, identify the following types of assurance services. a. Identify three or more assurance services that are likely to be provided only by public accounting firms. b. Ide

> Publicly traded companies must electronically file a variety of forms or reports with the SEC, including the Form 10-K, which includes the audited annual financial statements. The SEC makes most of these electronic documents available on the Internet via

> The following independent scenarios describe auditor decisions made during an audit engagement. 1. Chen Li worked on the audit of American Healthcare Associations (AHA), which operates hospitals and outpatient centers in Texas and Oklahoma. Chen was assi

> The following information was obtained from several accounting and auditing enforcement releases issued by the SEC after its investigation of fraudulent financial reporting involving Just for Feet, Inc.: Just for Feet, Inc., was a national retailer of at

> The SEC Enforcement Division investigates possible violations of securities laws; recommends SEC action when appropriate, either in a federal court or before an administrative law judge; and negotiates settlements. Litigation Releases, which are descript

> James Burrow is the loan officer for the National Bank of Dallas. National has a loan of $325,000 outstanding to Regional Delivery Service, a company specializing in delivering products of all types on behalf of smaller companies. National’s collateral o

> Monterrey Corporation has an existing loan in the amount of $7 million with an annual interest rate of 6.5%. The company provides an internal company-prepared financial statement to the bank under the loan agreement. Two competing banks have offered to r

> As discussed in the chapter opening vignette and on page 9, companies are increasingly issuing reports on corporate social responsibility. Visit the Global Reporting Initiative website (www.globalreporting.org) and answer the following questions. a. What

> Visit the PCAOB’s website (www.pcaobus.org) and locate the PCAOB’s Settled Disciplinary Order against David M. Burns issued on December 19, 2017, to answer the following questions: a. What position did Burns hold within the audit firm and how long had he

> Explain how the increased use of fair value accounting might increase information risk.

> The following questions relate to the AICPA Code of Professional Conduct, which can be viewed online or downloaded in pdf format at www.aicpa.org: a. When should a member apply the conceptual framework for members in public practice? Which rule or rules

> The following questions deal with tests of controls. Choose the best response. a. To support the auditor’s initial assessment of control risk below maximum, the auditor performs procedures to determine that internal controls are operating effectively. Wh

> The following questions concern types of audit tests. Choose the best response. a. An auditor’s deci0sion either to apply analytical procedures as substantive tests or to perform substantive tests of transactions and account balances usually is determine

> The following are general questions about internal control. Choose the best response. a. Which of the following would not be considered an inherent limitation of the potential effectiveness of an entity’s internal control structure? (1) Mistakes in judgm

> The following questions concern the planning of the engagement. Select the best response. a. Analytical procedures used in planning an audit should focus on identifying (1) material weaknesses in internal control. (2) the predictability of financial dat

> The following are general questions about internal control. Choose the best response. a. Which of the following situations is not an example of an inherent limitation of internal control? (1) A programming error in the design of an automated control allo

> The following questions concern the characteristics of IT systems and their impact on internal controls. Choose the best response. a. Which of the following is an advantage of a computer-based system for transaction processing over a manual system? A com

> The following questions address fraud risk factors and the assessment of fraud risk. a. Which action regarding fraud is an activity related to performance of risk assessment procedures? (1) Document the results of procedures used to address the risk of f

> The following questions concern quality control standards. Choose the best response. a. The nature and extent of a CPA firm’s quality control policies and procedures depend on b. Which of the following is an element of a CPA firm&acir

> The following questions deal with types of audits and auditors. Choose the best response. a. Operational audits generally have been conducted by internal auditors and governmental audit agencies but may be performed by certified public accountants. A pri

> Identify the three main ways information risk can be reduced. What arethe advantages and disadvantages of each?

> The following questions deal with errors and fraud. Choose the best response. a. An independent auditor has the responsibility to design the audit to provide reasonable assurance of detecting errors and fraud that might have a material effect on the fina

> The following questions concern the reasons auditors do audits. Choose the best response. a. The major reason an independent auditor gathers audit evidence is to (1) form an opinion on the financial statements. (2) detect fraud. (3) evaluate management.

> The following questions concern unmodified opinion audit reports. Choose the best response. a. Which of the following is not a required element of a standard unmodified opinion audit report issued in accordance with AICPA auditing standards? (1) A title

> The following questions concern possible violations of the AICPA Code of Professional Conduct. Choose the best response. a. In which one of the following situations would a CPA be in violation of the AICPA Code of Professional Conduct in determining the

> The following questions concern auditor independence. Choose the best response. a. What is the meaning of the rule that requires the auditor be independent? (1) The auditor must adopt a critical attitude during the audit. (2) The auditor’s sole obligatio

> The following questions concern unmodified opinion audit reports with an emphasis-of-matter explanatory paragraph or nonstandard wording in report paragraphs. Choose the best response. a. An entity changed from the straight-line method to the declining-b

> The following questions deal with materiality. Choose the best response. a. Which one of the following statements is correct concerning the concept of materiality? (1) Materiality is determined by reference to guidelines established by the AICPA. (2) Mat

> The following questions concern audit documentation. Choose the best response. a. Which of the following is not a primary purpose of audit documentation? (1) To coordinate the audit (2) To assist in preparation of the audit report (3) To support the fina

> The following questions concern the use of analytical procedures during an audit. Select the best response. a. For all audits of financial statements made in accordance with auditing standards, the use of analytical procedures is required to some extent

> Describe management’s responsibility for the financial statements. Do you believe the CEO and CFO of a public company perceive an even greater responsibility as a result of the Sarbanes–Oxley Act requirement to certify the financial statements submitted

> What is the rationale for the PCAOB’s requirement to include a discussion of critical audit matters in the audit report? Provide two examples of areas that might be considered critical audit matters in the audit of a public company in the hotel and lodgi

> The following questions concern persuasiveness of evidence. Choose the best response. a. Which of the following types of documentary evidence should the auditor consider to be the most reliable? (1) Confirmation of an account payable balance mailed by an

> The following questions deal with audits by CPA firms. Choose the best response. a. Which of the following best describes why an independent auditor is asked to express an opinion on the fair presentation of financial statements? (1) The opinion of an in

> The following questions deal with audit risk and evidence. Choose the best response. a. Which of the following does not increase the need for sufficient appropriate audit evidence? (1) A lower acceptable level of detection risk (2) An increase in the ass

> The following questions concern the audit risk model. Choose the best response. a. Some account balances, such as those for pensions and leases, are the result of complex calculations. The susceptibility to material misstatements in these types of accoun

> The following questions concern the assessment of the risk of material misstatements. Choose the best response. a. Which of the following circumstances most likely would cause the auditor to suspect that there are material misstatements in the entity’s f

> The following questions pertain to client acceptance. Choose the best response. a. When approached to perform an audit for the first time, the CPA should make inquiries of the predecessor auditor. This is a necessary procedure because the predecessor may

> The following questions concern the overall audit strategy and audit program, including selection of the type of test to perform. Choose the best response. a. In the financial statement audit of a nonpublic company, the auditor decides to perform tests o

> The following questions deal with audit evidence for the sales and collection cycle. Choose the best response. a. To determine whether internal control relative to the revenue cycle of a wholesaling entity is operating effectively in minimizing the failu

> For each of the following types of misstatements (parts a. through c.), select the control that should have prevented the misstatement: a. Which of the following controls most likely will be effective in offsetting the tendency of sales personnel to maxi

> The following questions deal with internal controls in the sales and collection cycle. Choose the best response. a. Which of the following controls would be most effective in detecting a failure to record cash received from customers paying on their acco

> What types of disciplinary action may be taken if a member has violated the AICPA Code of Professional Conduct?

> The following questions concern the auditor’s responses to the possibility of fraud. When fraud risk factors are identified during an audit, the auditor’s documentation should include b. If an independent audit leadi

> The following questions concern auditing IT systems. Choose the best response. a. As general IT controls weaken, the auditor is most likely to (1) reduce testing of automated application controls done by the computer. (2) increase testing of general IT c

> The following questions deal with assessing control risk in a financial statement audit. Choose the best response. a. On the basis of audit evidence gathered and evaluated, an auditor decides to increase assessed control risk from that originally planned

> The following questions deal with deficiencies in internal control. Choose the best response. a. An internal control deficiency may be defined as a condition in which material misstatements would ordinarily not be timely detected by (1) auditors in assis

> The following questions deal with liability under the 1933 and 1934 securities acts. Choose the best response. a. Major, Major & Sharpe, CPAs, are the auditors of MacLain Technologies. In connection with the public offering of $10 million of MacLain secu

> The following questions concern CPA firms’ liability under common law. Choose the best response. a. In a common law action against an accountant, lack of privity is a viable defense if the plaintiff (1) is the client’s creditor who sues the accountant fo

> The following questions deal with auditing standards. Choose the best response. a. Which of the following best describes what is meant by U.S. auditing standards? (1) Acts to be performed by the auditor (2) Measures of the quality of the auditor’s perfor

> Identify the six organizational structures available to CPA firms. Why are most CPA firms not organized as general partnerships?

> What are the three conditions that require a departure from an unmodified opinion audit report? Give an example of each.

> When should the auditor include an explanatory paragraph in an unmodified opinion audit report?

> Distinguish between a report qualified due to a GAAP departure and one qualified due to a scope limitation.

> What are the most significant differences between the AICPA and the PCAOB standard unmodified opinion audit reports?

> What are the eight parts of a standard unmodified opinion audit report for a nonpublic entity and what is the main content provided in each part?

> Explain the rule on contingent fees. Why is this rule necessary?

> Identify the circumstances under which a CPA can disclose confidential information without client permission.

> Explain the role of the audit committee in enhancing auditor independence.

> How might the write-off of accounts receivable increase the risk of fraud related to cash receipts?

> What are the similarities and differences among the three main types of audits?

> What are the major causes of information risk? How can information risk be reduced?

> The U.S. national stock exchanges require listed companies to have an independent audit committee. Required: a. Describe an audit committee. b. What does it mean for the audit committee members to be “independent”? c. What are the typical functions perf

> The following relate to auditors’ independence: a. Why is independence so essential for auditors? b. Compare the importance of independence of CPAs with that of other professionals, such as attorneys. c. Explain the difference between independence in app

> Identify the two broad categories of management assertions.

> The following are independent situations for which you will recommend an appropriate audit report: 1. Subsequent to the date of the financial statements as part of his post-balance sheet date audit procedures, a CPA learned that a recent fire caused heav

> Review the information in Table 2-1 on page 25 and discuss the following: a. For the largest 10 firms listed in the table, how many firms generate the largest percentage of their revenue from consulting? Discuss why some firms may have larger consulting

> For each engagement described below, indicate whether the engagement is likely to be conducted under international auditing standards, AICPA audit in standards, or PCAOB auditing standards. a. An audit of a public company headquartered in the U.S. listed

> You have been asked to make a presentation in your International Business class about how globalization is impacting the auditing profession. In preparation, you met with your auditing professor and discussed these questions: a. What organization is resp

> The IAASB recently revised its standards related to audit reporting. ISA 700 (Revised), Forming an Opinion and Reporting on Financial Statements, requires the auditor’s report to include the following paragraphs under the headings “Basis for Opinion” and

> The PCAOB’s recently revised auditor reporting standard includes a requirement for the auditor to communicate critical audit matters. Critical audit matters include those matters during the audit that involved difficult, subjective, or complex auditor ju

> PCAOB Rule 3211, Auditor Reporting of Certain Audit Participants, requires that an audit firm file a form, referred to as Form AP, for each initial issuance of an audit report. On Form AP, the audit firm discloses the name of each audit engagement partne

> Regulators are taking advantage of advances in technology to fulfill their oversight responsibilities. Visit the website of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) (www.sec.gov) to locate the speech given at the OpRisk Nort America 2017 Conference b

> This problem is based on the JA Tires data that was first introduced in problem 6-35. If you have not already accessed the data, it can be downloaded from the textbook website. As part of risk assessment procedures, you have been asked to perform some pr

> In Part IV of this case study, you obtained an understanding of internal control and made an initial assessment of control risk for each transaction-related audit objective for acquisition and cash disbursement transactions. The purpose of Part V is to c

> How did the Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002 increase criminal liability for auditors?

> Below are 10 independent risk factors: 1. The client is one of the industry’s largest based on its size and market share. 2. The company is publicly traded. 3. The client fails to reconcile bank accounts to recorded cash balances. 4. The audit program om

> Both transaction-related and balance-related audit objectives include objectives related to presentation and disclosure. Visit the website of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and locate the Accounting and Auditing Enforcement Re