The Upward Investment Company manages a mutual fund composed mostly of speculative stocks. You recently saw an ad claiming that investments in the funds have been earning a rate of return of 21%. This rate seemed quite high so you called a friend who works for one of upward competitors. The friend told you that the 21% return figure was determined by dividing the two-year appreciation on investments in the fund by the average investment. In other words, $100 invested in the fund two years ago would have grown to $121 ($21 ÷ $100 = 21%). Required: Discuss the ethics of the 21% return claim made by the Upward Investment Company.
> On January 1, 2024, the Highlands Company began construction on a new manufacturing facility for its own use. The building was completed in 2025. The company borrowed $1,500,000 at 8% on January 1 to help finance the construction. In addition to the cons
> On January 1, 2024, the Shagri Company began construction on a new manufacturing facility for its own use. The building was completed in 2025. The only interest-bearing debt the company had outstanding during 2024 was long-term bonds with a book value of
> On January 1, 2024, the Marjlee Company began construction of an office building to be used as its corporate headquarters. The building was completed early in 2025. Construction expenditures for 2024, which were incurred evenly throughout the year, total
> Refer to the situation described in BE 9–7. Estimate ending inventory and cost of goods sold (LIFO) using the information provided.
> Access the FASB Accounting Standards Codification at the FASB website (www.fasb.org) and select Basic View for free access. Determine the specific eight-digit Codification citation (XXX XX-XX-X) that describes each of the following items: 1. The basic pr
> Assume the same facts as in E 10-16 except that Bronco received $10,000 from the owner of the equipment to complete the exchange. Required: 1. What is the fair value of the equipment? 2. Prepare the journal entry to record the exchange.
> Assume the same facts as in E 10-14, except that the fair value of the old equipment is $170,000. Required: Prepare the journal entry to record the exchange.
> Nvidia Corporation, a global technology company located in Santa Clara, California, reported the following information in its financial statements for the fiscal year ending January 26, 2020 ($ in millions): Required: 1. Calculate the companyâ
> Cranston LTD prepares its financial statements according to International Financial Reporting Standards. In October 2024, the company received a $2 million government grant. The grant represents 20% of the total cost of equipment that will be used to imp
> On February 1, 2024, the Xilon Corporation issued 50,000 shares of its no-par common stock in exchange for five acres of land located in the city of Monrovia. On the date of the acquisition, Xilon’s common stock had a fair value of $18 per share. An offi
> Janzen Corporation acquired all of the outstanding common stock of Steinbeck Corporation for $11,000,000 in cash. The book values and fair values of Steinbeck’s assets and liabilities were the following: Required: 1. Calculate the amou
> National Distributing Company uses a periodic inventory system to track its merchandise inventory and the gross profit method to estimate ending inventory and cost of goods sold for interim periods. Net purchases for the month of August were $31,000. The
> Royal Gorge Company uses the gross profit method to estimate ending inventory and cost of goods sold when preparing monthly financial statements required by its bank. Inventory on hand at the end of October was $58,500. The following information for the
> A fire destroyed a warehouse of the Goren Group, Inc., on May 4, 2024. Accounting records on that date indicated the following: The gross profit ratio has averaged 20% of sales for the past four years. Required: Use the gross profit method to estimate t
> Kiddie World uses a periodic inventory system and the retail inventory method to estimate ending inventory and cost of goods sold. The following data are available at the end of the year: Estimate ending inventory and cost of goods sold (average cost) us
> On November 21, 2024, a fire at Hodge Company’s warehouse caused severe damage to its entire inventory of Product Tex. Hodge estimates that all usable damaged goods can be sold for $12,000. The following information was available from t
> On September 22, 2024, a flood destroyed the entire merchandise inventory on hand in a warehouse owned by the Rocklin Sporting Goods Company. The following information is available from the records of the company’s periodic inventory sy
> Access the FASB Accounting Standards Codification at the FASB website (www.fasb.org) and select Basic View for free access. Determine each of the following: 1. The specific seven-digit Codification citation (XXX-XX-XX) that contains discussion of the mea
> Tatum Company has four products in its inventory. Information about ending inventory is as follows: The normal profit is 25% of total cost. Required: 1. Determine the carrying value of inventory assuming the lower of cost or market (LCM) rule is applied
> The inventory of Royal Decking consisted of five products. Information about ending inventory is as follows: Selling costs consist of a sales commission equal to 10% of selling price and shipping costs equal to 5% of cost. The normal profit is 30% of sel
> Han Company has three products in its ending inventory. Specific per unit data at the end of the year for each of the products are as follows: Required: What unit values should Han use for each of its products when applying the lower of cost or market (
> Tatum Company has four products in its inventory. Information about ending inventory is as follows: Required: 1. Determine the carrying value of ending inventory assuming the lower of cost or net realizable value (LCNRV) rule is applied to individual pr
> On January 1, 2024, the general ledger of Big Blast Fireworks included the following account balances: The $30,000 beginning balance of inventory consists of 300 units, each costing $100. During January 2024, Big Blast Fireworks had the following invento
> In March 2024, the Metal Tool Company signed two purchase commitments. The first commitment requires Metal to purchase inventory for $100,000 by June 15, 2024. The second commitment requires the company to purchase inventory for $150,000 by August 20, 20
> On October 6, 2024, the Elgin Corporation signed a purchase commitment to purchase inventory for $60,000 on or before March 31, 2025. The company’s fiscal year-end is December 31. The contract was exercised on March 21, 2025, and the inventory was purcha
> Amax Corporation estimates that it lost $75,000 in inventory from a recent flood. The following information is available from the records of the company’s periodic inventory system: beginning inventory, $150,000; purchases and net sales from the beginnin
> In 2024, the controller of Sytec Corporation discovered that $42,000 of inventory purchases were incorrectly charged to advertising expense in 2023. In addition, the 2023 year-end inventory count failed to include $30,000 of company merchandise held on c
> In 2024, the internal auditors of Development Technologies, Inc., discovered that a $4 million purchase of merchandise in 2024 was recorded in 2023 instead. The physical inventory count at the end of 2023 was correct. Required: Prepare the journal entry
> For each of the following inventory errors occurring in 2024, determine the effect of the error on 2024’s cost of goods sold, net income, and retained earnings. Assume that the error is not discovered until 2025 and that a periodic inve
> During 2024, WMC Corporation discovered that its ending inventories reported in its financial statements were misstated by the following material amounts: WMC uses a periodic inventory system and the FIFO cost method. Required: 1. Determine the effect o
> Goldmeyer Company has used the FIFO method of inventory valuation since it began operations in 2021. Goldmeyer decided to change to the average cost method for determining inventory costs at the beginning of 2024. The following schedule shows year-end in
> In 2024, CPS Company changed its method of valuing inventory from the FIFO method to the average cost method. At December 31, 2023, CPS’s inventories were $32 million (FIFO). CPS’s records indicated that the inventories would have totaled $23.8 million a
> Bosco Company adopted the dollar-value LIFO retail method at the beginning of 2024. Information for 2024 and 2025 is as follows, with certain data intentionally omitted: Required: Determine the missing data.
> Lance-Hefner Specialty Shoppes decided to use the dollar-value LIFO retail method to value its inventory. Accounting records provide the following information: Related retail price indexes are as follows: Required: Determine ending inventory and cost of
> Canova Corporation adopted the dollar-value LIFO retail method on January 1, 2024. On that date, the cost of the inventory on hand was $15,000 and its retail value was $18,750. Information for 2024 and 2025 is as follows: Required: 1. What is the cost-t
> On January 1, 2024, the Brunswick Hat Company adopted the dollar-value LIFO retail method. The following data are available for 2024: Required: Calculate the estimated ending inventory and cost of goods sold for 2024 using the information provided.
> SLR Corporation has 1,000 units of each of its two products in its year-end inventory. Per unit data for each of the products are as follows: Determine the carrying value of SLR’s inventory assuming that the lower of cost or market (LCM
> Aztec Corporation uses a periodic inventory system and the retail inventory method to estimate ending inventory and cost of goods sold. The following data are available for the month of September: The company used the average cost flow method and estimat
> LeMay Department Store uses the retail inventory method to estimate ending inventory for its monthly financial statements. The following data pertain to one of its largest departments for the month of March: Sales are recorded net of employee discounts.
> Almaden Valley Variety Store uses the retail inventory method to estimate ending inventory and cost of goods sold. The following data are available: Required: Estimate the ending inventory and cost of goods sold, applying the conventional retail method
> Colonial Corporation uses the retail method to value its inventory. The following information is available for the year: Required: Determine ending inventory and cost of goods sold by applying the conventional retail method using the information provide
> San Lorenzo General Store uses a periodic inventory system and the retail inventory method to estimate ending inventory and cost of goods sold. The following data are available for the month of October: Required: Estimate the average cost of ending inve
> In 1934, Congress created the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Required: 1. Does the SEC have more authority or less authority than the FASB with respect to standard setting? 2. Can you think of any reasons why the SEC relies on private sector
> A key aspect of the Accounting Standards Codification is the structure used to organize content understanding that structure will help you utilize the codification efficiently and effectively. Required: Access the FASB Accounting Standards Codification
> The purpose of this case is to introduce you to the information available on the website of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). Required: Access the FASB home page on the Internet. The web address is www.fasb.org. Answer the following quest
> Portion. As one of your first assignments, you are examining a balance sheet prepared by a staff accountant // In the course of your examination you uncover the following information pertaining to the balance sheet: 1. The company rents its facilities.
> A conceptual question in accounting for derivatives is this: Should gains and losses on a hedge instrument be recorded as they occur, or should they be recorded to coincide (match) with income effects of the item being hedged? ABI Wholesalers plans to is
> Refer to the situation described in BE 9–15. What steps would be taken to report the error in the 2024 financial statements?
> The following is an excerpt from a disclosure note of Johnson & Johnson: 6. Fair Value Measurements (in part) As of January 3, 2021, the balance of deferred net gains on derivatives included in accumulated other comprehensive income was $652 million afte
> An all-league professional football player has just declared free agency. Two teams, the San Francisco 49ers and the Dallas Cowboys, have made the following offers to the player: 49ers: $1 million signing bonus payable immediately and an annual salary of
> Southwest Airlines provides scheduled air transportation services in the United States. Like many airlines, Southwest leases many of its planes from Boeing Company. In its long-term debt disclosure note included in the financial statements for the year e
> Johnson & Johnson is one of the world’s largest manufacturers of health care products. The company’s July 2, 2017, financial statements included the following information in the long-term debt disclosure note: The
> A company is considering replacing a machine used in the manufacturing process with a new, more efficient model. The purchase price of the new machine is $150,000 and the old machine can be sold for $100,000. Output for the two machines is identical; the
> A manager has performed well as the chief financial officer of the Maxtech Computer Company and has earned a bonus. The manager has a choice among the following three bonus plans: 1. A $50,000 cash bonus paid now. 2. A $10,000 annual cash bonus to be pai
> EDGAR, the Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval system, performs automated collection, validation, indexing, and forwarding of submissions by companies and others who are required by law to file forms with the U.S. Securities and Exchange C
> Ralph Lauren Corporation is a global leader in the design, marketing, and distribution of premium lifestyle products, including men’s, women’s and children’s apparel. Below are selected financial statements taken from a recent 10-K filing? Required: Use
> Rice Corporation is negotiating a loan for expansion purposes and the bank requires financial statements. Before closing the accounting records for the year ended December 31, 2024, Rice’s controller prepared the following financial sta
> In 2024, Waterway International, Inc.’s controller discovered that ending inventories for 2022 and 2023 were overstated by $200,000 and $500,000, respectively. Determine the effect of the errors on retained earnings at January 1, 2024. (Ignore income tax
> Companies often voluntarily provide non-GAAP earnings when they announce annual or quarterly earnings. These numbers are controversial as they represent management’s view of permanent earnings. The Sarbanes Oxley Act (SOX), issued in 20
> Norse Manufacturing Inc. prepares an annual single, continuous statement of income and comprehensive income. The following situations occurred during the company’s 2024 fiscal year: 1. Restructuring costs were incurred due to the closing of a factory. 2
> The following events occurred during 2024 for various audit clients of your firm. Consider each event to be independent and the effect of each event to be material. 1. A manufacturing company recognized a loss on the sale of investments. 2. An automobile
> Each of the following situations occurred during 2024 for one of your audit clients: 1. An inventory write-down due to obsolescence. 2. Discovery that depreciation expenses were omitted by accident from 2023’s income statement. 3. The u
> Access the FASB Accounting Standards Codification at the FASB website (www.fasb.org) and select Basic View for free access. Determine each of the following: 1. The topic number (Topic XXX) that addresses exit or disposal cost obligations. 2. The specific
> Performance and profitability of a company often are evaluated using the financial information provided by a firm’s annual report in comparison with other firms in the same industry. Ratios are useful in this assessment. Required: Obtain annual reports
> Refer to the income statement of The Home Depot, Inc., in Illustration 4–2 of this chapter. Required: 1. Is this income statement presented in the single-step or multiple-step format? 2. What is the company’s approximate income tax rate? 3. What is the
> Vodafone Group, Plc. a U.K. company, is the largest mobile telecommunications network company in the world. The company prepares its financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards. Below are partial company balance sh
> The usefulness of the balance sheet is enhanced when assets and liabilities are grouped according to common characteristics. The broad distinction made in the balance sheet is the current versus long-term classification of both assets and liabilities. R
> Insight concerning the performance and financial condition of a company often comes from evaluating its financial data in comparison with other firms in the same industry. Required: Obtain annual reports from three corporations in the same primary indus
> In 2024, Clear Window and Glass changed its inventory method from FIFO to LIFO. Inventory at the end of 2023 is $150,000. Describe the steps Clear Window and Glass should take to report this change.
> Air France–KLM (AF), a Franco-Dutch company, prepares its financial statements according to International Financial Reporting Standards. AF’s financial statements and disclosure notes for the year ended December 31, 2019, are available in Connect. This m
> Examine the segment disclosures of Abbott Laboratories reported in Appendix 3 and answer the following questions. 1. Does Abbott Laboratories define its operating segments by business or geography? 2. Determine which business segment has the greatest amo
> Target Corporation prepares its financial statements according to U.S. GAAP. Target’s financial statements and disclosure notes for the year ended February 1, 2020, are available in the Connect library. This material also is available under the Investor
> A common problem facing any business entity is the debt versus equity decision. When funds are required to obtain assets, should debt or equity financing be used? This decision also is faced when a company is initially formed. What will be the mix of de
> Obtain the quarterly financial report (10-Q) of Delta Airlines for the period ended June 30, 2020. You can access this report through the SEC’s EDGAR, the Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval system. You can also access this report at the c
> The fiscal year-end for the Northwest Distribution Corporation is December 31. The company’s 2024 financial statements were issued on March 15, 2025. The following events occurred between December 31, 2024, and March 15, 2025. 1. On January 22, 2025, the
> The balance sheet and disclosure of significant accounting policies taken from the January 31, 2020, annual report of Walmart Inc. appear below. Use this information to answer the following questions: 1. Does Walmart separately report current assets vers
> You recently joined the auditing staff of Best, Best, and Krug, CPAs. You have been assigned to the audit of Clear view, Inc., and have been asked by the audit senior to examine the balance sheet prepared by Clear view’s accountant. Re
> You have recently been hired by Davis & Company, a small public accounting firm. One of the firm’s partners, Alice Davis has asked you to deal with a disgruntled client, Mr. Sean Pitt, owner of the city’s largest hardware store. Mr. Pitt is applying to a
> A company has always kept its records on a cash basis. You are provided with the following transaction information for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2024: 1. A new comprehensive insurance policy requires an annual payment of $12,000 for the upcomin
> Air France-KLM (AF), a Franco-Dutch company, prepares its financial statements according to International Financial Reporting Standards. AF’s financial statements and disclosure notes for the year ended December 31, 2019, are provided in Connect. This ma
> In 2024, Hopyard Lumber changed its inventory method from LIFO to FIFO. Inventory at the end of 2023 of $127,000 would have been $145,000 if FIFO had been used. Inventory at the end of 2024 is $162,000 using the new FIFO method but would have been $151,0
> Target Corporation prepares its financial statements according to U.S. GAAP. Target’s financial statements and disclosure notes for the year ended February 1, 2020, are available in Connect. This material also is available under the Investor Relations li
> The following is an excerpt from ABC News: Required: 1. Why must Microsoft report this charge of over $1 billion entirely in one quarter, the last quarter of the company’s fiscal year? 2. When the announcement was made, analyst Richard
> As a second-year financial analyst for A.J. Straub Investments, you are performing an initial analysis on Reliant Pharmaceuticals. A difficulty you’ve encountered in making comparisons with its chief rival is that Reliant uses U.S. GAAP, and the competin
> IGF Foods Company is a large, primarily domestic, consumer Foods Company involved in the manufacture, distribution, and sale of a variety of food products. Industry averages are derived from Troy’s The Almanac of Business and Industrial
> A fellow accountant has solicited your opinion regarding the classification of short-term obligations repaid prior to being replaced by a long-term security. Cheshire Foods, Inc., issued $5,000,000 of short-term commercial paper during 2023 to finance co
> The following True blood case is recommended for use with this chapter. The case provides an excellent opportunity for class discussion, group projects, and writing assignments. The case, along with Professor’s Discussion Material, can be obtained from t
> Obtain the 2019 annual report of FCA Group (archived at www.stellantis.com), which manufactures Fiat-brand automobiles as well as other products. Required: Find FCA’s discussion of “Basis of Consolidation” in the “Significant Accounting Policies” note th
> The following are excerpts from the 2019 financial statements of Renault, a large French automobile manufacturer. / In view of this situation, Renault is considered to exercise significant influence over Nissan, and therefore uses the equity method to in
> General Motors invests in securities of other companies. Access GM’s 2019 10-K (which includes financial statements) using EDGAR at www.sec.gov. Required: 1. What is the amount and classification of any AFS investment securities reported in the balance s
> Microsoft’s 2020 10-K includes the following information relevant to its available-for-sale investments in Note 17—Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss): Required: 1. Prepare a journal entry to record unrealize
> A1 Electronics has one product in its ending inventory. Per unit data consist of the following: cost, $20; replacement cost, $18; selling price, $30; selling costs, $4. The normal profit is 30% of selling price. What unit value should A1 use when applyin
> The following disclosure note appeared in the July 27, 2019, annual report of Cisco Systems, Inc. Note 9: Available-for-Sale Debt Investments and Equity Investments (in part) Available-for-sale investments as of July 27, 2019, and July 28, 2018, were as
> Imani West, CEO of West Industries, stopped by the company’s finance department with a question. “I am considering having West Industries purchase bonds of Triton Corporation as an investment. Our auditor told me that ordinary changes in the market value
> Redline Publishers, Inc. produces various manuals ranging from computer software instructional booklets to manuals explaining the installation and use of large pieces of industrial equipment. At the end of 2024, the company’s balance sheet reported total
> EDGAR, the Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval system, performs automated collection, validation, indexing, and forwarding of submissions by companies and others who are required by law to file forms with the U.S. Securities and Exchange C
> Amgen, Inc. is an American multinational biopharmaceutical company headquartered in Thousand Oaks, California. Located in the Conejo Valley, Amgen is the world’s largest independent biotechnology firm. Amgen reported the following in a
> The Cummings Company charged various expenditures made during 2024 to an account called repairs and maintenance expense. You have been asked by your supervisor in the company’s internal audit department to review the expenditures to determine if they wer
> Companies often are under pressure to meet or beat Wall Street earnings projections in order to increase stock prices and also to increase the value of stock options. Some resort to earnings management practices to artificially create desired results. Re
> At the beginning of 2022, the Healthy Life Food Company purchased equipment for $42 million to be used in the manufacture of a new line of gourmet frozen foods. The equipment was estimated to have a 10-year service life and no residual value. The straigh
