To what extent may a landlord be held liable for injuries caused by defects on the premises?
> When can a buyer or lessee sue to recover damages from a seller or lessor?
> When can a seller or lessor bring an action to recover damages from a buyer or lessee?
> In what situations can a buyer or lessee revoke his or her acceptance of goods?
> When and how does a buyer or lessee pay for goods?
> What is the perfect tender rule?
> What does tender of delivery require?
> How does international and U.S. law protect property rights in outer space?
> Under the UCC, in the case of a merchant, what does “good faith” mean?
> What can a party to a sales or lease contract obtain to protect against a financial loss if goods are damaged, destroyed or lost?
> Who bears the risk of loss when a sales or lease contract is breached?
> What determines who suffers a financial loss if goods are damaged, destroyed, or lost?
> In a transaction for a sale of goods subject to a shipment contract, when does title pass?
> If a contract calls for a sale or lease of goods that are already in existence, when does identification take place?
> What is the difference between legal and ethical standards? How are legal standards affected by ethical standards?
> In what circumstances might a tying arrangement be considered procompetitive?
> What are the ethical values underpinning antitrust laws, and why are those laws applied to tying arrangements in particular?
> What is an exclusive dealing contract?
> When are price-fixing agreements lawful under the Sherman Act?
> What is the difference between a per se violation and a violation that is analyzed using a rule of reason?
> What is a horizontal restraint?
> What is price discrimination?
> Does the modification of an agreement subject to the UCC need new consideration to be binding?
> What factors contributed to the initial ineffectiveness of the Sherman Act when it was first enacted?
> How does the Sherman Act affect international business?
> What is a monopoly?
> Is it ethical for an administrative agency to reverse or otherwise alter its policy when the change increases the financial burden on the regulated parties?
> Identify and briefly describe laws that make agencies more accountable through public scrutiny.
> How do courts hold agency authority in check?
> Given that an administrative law judge is a member of the agency prosecuting a case, what safeguards promote fairness?
> What is a major advantage of agency rulemaking?
> Why are most disputes resolved at, or soon after, the investigatory stage of an agency action?
> How does an agency use its investigative powers?
> How may the acceptance of an offer to buy, sell, or lease goods be made?
> What is “the administrative process”?
> How might the Internet expedite formal rulemaking procedures?
> How is an administrative agency created?
> What is a constructive trust?
> How does a living trust differ from a testamentary trust?
> What four elements must be present to create a valid trust?
> What is a codicil?
> What are the four basic requirements for a valid will?
> What are the three requirements that must be satisfied in order for a testator to demonstrate his or her testamentary capacity?
> What is the purpose of a residuary clause?
> When does the common law govern contracts for sales and leases of goods?
> How does a specific devise or bequest differ from a general devise or bequest?
> How might the availability of a secure online repository for a person’s will affect a challenge to the will?
> What is a will?
> What is the difference between an assignment of a lease and a sublease?
> Can a landlord be held liable for injuries caused by the crimes of third persons?
> When may a tenant withhold the payment of rent?
> What factors will a court consider in deciding whether a defect is substantial enough to violate the implied warranty of habitability?
> What is retaliatory eviction?
> How might the doctrine of unconscionability affect the validity of leases?
> When is a sale?
> Why do nations impose laws to restrict or facilitate international transactions?
> Why is knowledge of business law essential for any businessperson?
> Why is interest expense said to cost the firm substantially less than the actual expense, while dividends cost it 100 percent of the outlay?
> When does insider trading occur? What government agency is responsible for protecting against the unethical practice of insider trading?
> Why is profit maximization, by itself, an inappropriate goal? What is meant by the goal of maximization of shareholder wealth?
> Why are institutional investors important in today's business world?
> What issue does agency theory examine? Why is it important in a public corporation rather than in a private corporation?
> Why is trend analysis helpful in analyzing ratios?
> Explain how the Du Pont system of analysis breaks down return on assets. Also explain how it breaks down return on stockholders’ equity.
> What form of partnership allows some of the investors to limit their liability? Explain briefly.
> If we divide users of ratios into short-term lenders, long-term lenders, and stockholders, in which ratios would each group be most interested, and for what reasons?
> What procedure(s) would you recommend for a multinational company in studying exposure to political risk? What actual strategies can be used to guard against such risk?
> Howell Auto Parts is considering whether to borrow funds and purchase an asset or to lease the asset under an operating lease arrangement. If the company purchases the asset, the cost will be $10,000. It can borrow funds for four years at 12 percent inte
> What factors influence a U.S. business firm to go overseas?
> What is meant by translation exposure in terms of foreign exchange risk?
> Explain how exports and imports tend to influence the value of a currency.
> List the factors that affect the value of a currency in foreign exchange markets.
> What allegations are sometimes made against foreign affiliates of multinational firms and against the multinational firms themselves?
> Comment on any dilemmas that multinational firms and their foreign affiliates may face in regard to debt ratio limits and dividend payouts.
> What is LIBOR? How does it compare to the U.S. prime rate?
> What are the differences between a parallel loan and a fronting loan?
> Explain the functions of the following agencies.
> Suggest some ways in which firms have tried to avoid being part of a target takeover.
> The Office Automation Corporation is considering a foreign investment. The initial cash outlay will be $10 million. The current foreign exchange rate is 2 ugans = $1. Thus the investment in foreign currency will be 20 million ugans. The assets have a use
> It is possible for the post merger P/E ratio to move in a direction opposite to that of the immediate post merger earnings per share. Explain why this could happen.
> If a firm wishes to achieve immediate appreciation in earnings per share as a result of a merger, how can this be best accomplished in terms of exchange variables? What is a possible drawback to this approach in terms of long-range considerations?
> What is synergy? What might cause this result? Is there a tendency for management to over- or underestimate the potential synergistic benefits of a merger?
> Explain how convertible bonds and warrants are similar and different.
> How can a company force conversion of a convertible bond?
> The price of Haltom Corporation 5¼ 2019 convertible bonds is $1,380. For the Williams Corporation, the 6⅛ 2018 convertible bonds are selling at $725.
> Why are investors willing to pay a premium over the theoretical value (pure bond value or conversion value)?
> You buy a stock option with an exercise price of $50. The cost of the option is $4. If the stock ends up at $56, indicate whether you have a profit or loss with a call option? With a put option?
> Suggest two areas where the use of futures contracts is most common. What percent of the value of the underlying security is typical as a down payment in a futures contract?
> Tiger Golf Supplies has $25 million in earnings with 7 million shares outstanding. Its investment banker thinks the stock should trade at a P/E ratio of 31. Assume there is an underwriting spread of 7.8 percent. What should the price to the public be?
> The Good smith Charitable Foundation, which is tax-exempt, issued debt last year at 9 percent to help finance a new playground facility in Los Angeles. This year the cost of debt is 25 percent higher—that is, firms that paid 11 percent for debt last year
> Solar Energy Corp. has $4 million in earnings with four million shares outstanding. Investment bankers think the stock can justify a P/E ratio of 21. Assume the underwriting spread is 5 percent. What should the price to the public be?
> Arrange the following income statement items so they are in the proper order of an income statement:
> Telecom Systems can issue debt yielding 9 percent. The company is in a 30 percent bracket. What is its after tax cost of debt?
> Swank Clothiers earned $640 million last year and had a 30 percent payout ratio. How much did the firm add to its retained earnings?
> Dome Metals had credit sales of $180,000 yearly. Dome offered a 3 percent discount for payment in 18 days. What would the average receivables balance be?
> Suppose a Polish zloty is selling for $0.3414 and a British pound is selling for 1.4973. What is the exchange rate (cross rate) of the Polish zloty to the British pound? That is, how many Polish zlotys are equal to a British pound?
> Plunkett Gym Equipment Inc. has a $1,000 par value convertible bond outstanding that can be converted into 25 shares of common stock. The common stock is currently selling for $34.75 a share, and the convertible bond is selling for $960. a. What is the c
> What are the basic advantages to the corporation of issuing convertible securities?
> The trustee in the bankruptcy settlement for Titanic Boat Co. lists the following book values and liquidation values for the assets of the corporation. Liabilities and stockholders’ claims are shown. a. Compute the difference between
> Ralston Gourmet Foods Inc. earned $360 million last year and retained $252 million. What is the payout ratio?
> Time Watch Co. has $46 million in earnings and is considering paying $6.45 million in interest to bondholders and $4.35 million to preferred stockholders in dividends. a. What are the bondholders’ contractual claims to payment? b. What are the preferred
