What account is debited and what account is credited to record depreciation on trucks?
> What is a stock subscription?
> Why would a new corporation issue no-par stock with a stated value, rather than par-value Stock?
> What are the major disadvantages of the partnership form of business entity?
> One of Wells Company’s retail outlets was destroyed by fire on March 18. All merchandise was burned. The company has fire insurance on its merchandise inventory. It will therefore file a claim for recovery of the cost of the lost invent
> List the major advantages of the partnership form of business over a corporation.
> What information appears on a statement of partners’ equities?
> The two partners in a business often pay personal bills by writing checks on the business bank account. Is this a good business practice? Explain. How should such payments be recorded?
> Explain how the partnership accounts for the sale by a partner of a portion of his partnership interest to another individual.
> What are typical considerations that affect the way income is allocated among partners?
> List the steps required to dissolve a partnership.
> Why should the assets and liabilities of an existing partnership be revalued when a new partner is to be admitted by the investment of cash in the organization?
> Explain what the term “mutual agency” means in regard to a partnership.
> Explain how the net income of a partnership is allocated if it is less than the salary and interest allowances.
> Sadler Computer Supply Company has just been destroyed by fire. Fortunately, however, the computerized accounting records had been “backed up” and were in a remote computer location so that the records were not destroyed. The company does not use the ret
> Are partners’ salaries considered to be expenses of the partnership? Explain.
> What is the advantage of a limited partnership?
> How does the balance sheet of a partnership differ from that of a sole proprietorship?
> Is Allowance for Doubtful Accounts brought forward from the general ledger of a sole proprietorship when the firm’s assets and liabilities are being transferred to the partnership? Why?
> Why are assets of an existing sole proprietorship revalued when they are transferred to a partnership?
> Does a partnership pay federal income tax? Explain.
> Does a partnership continue to exist after the death of a partner? Explain.
> Explain the use of a drawing account in a partnership.
> Which of these, if any, is not “real property”? a. land b. a building c. a motor home being used as an office d. pavement for a parking lot
> Name three or more events, developments, or situations that indicate impairment of property, plant, and equipment may exist.
> 1. The vice president of the manufacturing company for which you are the accountant has suggested to the president that all prices should be established on the basis of direct costing. Respond to this suggestion. 2. Assume that the company where you are
> 1. In discussing a firm’s latest financial statements, a manager says that it is the “results on the bottom line” that really count. What does the manager mean? 2. If a firm’s expenses equal or exceed its revenue, what actions might management take? 3. H
> What information related to the company’s property, plant, and equipment must be presented in the financial statements and in the notes to the financial statements?
> Under what circumstances is the units-of-production method of depreciation especially desirable?
> What is the basic test for determining whether impairment does, in fact, exist?
> Which method will give you a higher amount of depreciation expense in the later years of an asset’s life, straight-line or declining-balance? Explain.
> Is MACRS used for federal income tax rules acceptable under GAAP?
> How is the amount of impairment to be recorded determined?
> What are the rules for determining the amount of cost in each category of intangibles in Question 22 to be removed from the asset account during each accounting period?
> What are the two categories of intangible assets for the purposes of disposing of their capitalized costs?
> What accounting treatment is given to most research costs?
> Are gains and losses on trade-in transactions recognized and recorded under GAAP?
> 1. How would the distinction between fixed and variable costs help management in forecasting cash needs for the business? 2. Explain how a flexible budget can be used by management to help control costs. 3. Briefly explain to management the reasons why v
> Explain how the sum-of-the-years’-digits method would be applied to an asset with a life of six years.
> What are the requirements for recording an intangible asset such as goodwill?
> Explain how to measure the gain or loss when an old asset is traded in on a new one.
> What is the name of the process by which costs of a natural resource deposit are removed from the asset account as the resources are produced?
> Explain how double-declining-balance depreciation is computed on an asset with a life of six years.
> Which, if any, of the depreciation methods discussed in this chapter ignore(s) salvage value?
> Name two accelerated depreciation methods.
> What is meant by the term “personal property”?
> Explain how straight-line depreciation is computed.
> A company purchased some land on which an old building is located. The building has to be torn down to enable construction of a new building. Which, if any, of the following costs related to the old building should be capitalized as part of the land cost
> 1. The directors of the firm where you work have asked you to explain whether the job order cost accounting system or the process cost accounting system provides the more accurate costs for each unit of product. What will you tell them? 2. What are the b
> What is meant by “capitalized costs”?
> What is meant by the first-in, first-out assumption?
> What is meant by the term net realizable value as it is used in the lower of cost or net realizable value rule?
> Explain how the lower of cost or net realizable value method is applied on a group basis.
> Is the value of inventory likely to be lower if the cost or net realizable value rule is applied on an item-by-item basis, on a group basis, or to the inventory as a whole?
> In a period of rising prices, is the LIFO method or the FIFO method likely to yield the larger inventory cost?
> A company uses the LIFO inventory method to determine cost. One of the managers complains that this is improper. He states: “We always sell our oldest products first. So we should be using first-in, first-out inventory costing.” What would you say in res
> Explain the retail method of inventory estimation.
> Suggest two situations where it may be necessary or desirable to estimate the inventory without a physical count.
> 1. Assume that you are an accountant for a manufacturing firm. At the end of one year, there is a large overapplied overhead amount. How would you explain to management why this balance might exist? 2. The president of a fairly large manufacturing compan
> What accounting principle or constraint underlies the lower of cost or net realizable value rule for inventory valuation.
> What impact does the ending inventory have on net income for the period covered by the financial statements?
> Does the maintenance of a perpetual inventory eliminate the need for taking physical inventory? Explain.
> Why is a perpetual inventory easier to maintain today than it would have been 50 years ago?
> Under what circumstances is the specific identification method for determining cost of inventory items logical?
> Explain briefly the average cost method.
> Suggest some specific controls that management must provide over inventory in a business that sells diamonds.
> What is meant by “discounting a note receivable”?
> What is a dishonored note receivable?
> How, if at all, does computation of the maturity value of an interest-bearing note receivable differ from that for an interest-bearing note payable?
> 1. Why do managers need special manufacturing records and a separate statement reporting the costs involved in producing goods? 2. How can an inventory be taken if work in process items are in varying stages of completion at the end of the accounting per
> Explain why records must be kept of the due dates of all notes payable.
> Are notes payable likely to be given in borrowing money? The purchase of merchandise? The purchase of equipment? Why?
> How are notes payable maturing less than one year from the balance sheet date shown on the balance sheet?
> What is meant by “discounting a note payable”?
> What is the maturity value of a $9,000 note, bearing interest at 9 percent, and due 105 days after date of issue of the note?
> How does a note receivable differ from an account receivable?
> What is the face amount of a note? The maturity value?
> What are the requirements that must be met in order for a document to be negotiable?
> Explain a sight draft.
> Explain a cashier’s check.
> 1. Is the identification of purchases returns and allowances by department valuable to managerial control? Explain. 2. If one department consistently has a comparatively large amount of cash short in its operations, what management action might be approp
> When is a discounted note receivable considered a contingent liability?
> Explain how to compute the proceeds from discounting a note receivable.
> If a note dated February 28 has a three-month term, on what date must the note be paid?
> Explain how to record the collection of an account receivable in the same year in which it was previously written off if the allowance method of recording estimated doubtful accounts is used.
> What basic accounting concepts, assumptions, principles, or constraints support the allowance method?
> Under the allowance method, what entry is made when a specific customer’s account is deemed to be uncollectible?
> Under the allowance method, what account is credited in the adjusting entry to record estimated uncollectible accounts?
> What is meant by aging the accounts receivable?
> If a company is interested primarily in matching expenses and revenues each period, would it base its estimate of uncollectible accounts on sales (or net credit sales) or on accounts receivable? Explain.
> Suppose that the estimate of uncollectible accounts is based on credit sales and that Allowance for Doubtful Accounts has a debit balance before the adjustment is made. Explain how this situation is handled.
> 1. How can the statement of cash flows help management arrange for proper financing? 2. A corporation’s income statement shows a net income of $10,000 after income taxes for the year. Its statement of cash flows shows that its cash balance increased by $
> At December 31, 20X1, Gerald Company had accounts receivable of $1,500,000 and an allowance for doubtful accounts of $8,250. On January 1, 20X2, Gerald Company wrote off a $1,500 bad debt against the allowance for doubtful accounts. There were no other a
> Name three approaches to estimating losses from uncollectible accounts when the allowance method is used.
> List some common internal controls for accounts receivable.
> List some duties that should routinely be separated as part of the internal control procedures for accounts receivable.
> Under the direct charge-off method, what entry is made when a firm collects an account that was charged off in a prior year?
> What entry is made to record an uncollectible account under the direct charge-off method?
> Under what conditions would the direct charge-off method be appropriate?
> What are the major weaknesses of the direct charge-off method?
> Explain the direct charge-off method for recording uncollectible accounts expense.
