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Question: What are the preferred architectures used in


What are the preferred architectures used in each part of the backbone?


> Explain how the Internet is a network of networks.

> What is the principal American organization working on the future of the Internet?

> How is the IETF related to the IRTF?

> What are the principal organizations responsible for Internet governance, and what do they do?

> Explain how WiMax works.

> What are some future technologies that might change how we access the Internet?

> Explain how FTTH works.

> Which is better, cable modem or DSL? Explain.

> What is an OE converter? A CMTS?

> Explain how Instant Messaging (IM) works.

> Explain how a cable modem works.

> Explain how ADSL works.

> What is the basic structure of the Internet?

> Describe SONET. How does it differ from SDH?

> Distinguish among T1, T2, T3, and T4 circuits.

> What are the most commonly used T carrier services? What data rates do they provide?

> Compare and contrast ring architecture, star architecture, and mesh architecture.

> Is a WAN that uses dedicated circuits easier or harder to design than one that uses packet-switched circuits? Explain.

> Compare and contrast dedicated-circuit services and packet-switched services.

> How do Ethernet services work in the WAN?

> What is cloud computing?

> It is said that frame relay services and dedicated-circuit services are somewhat similar from the perspective of the network designer. Why?

> Suppose you joined a company that had a WAN composed of SONET, T carrier, and frame relay services, each selected to match a specific network need for a certain set of circuits. Would you say this was a well-designed network? Explain.

> Are there any WAN technologies that you would avoid if you were building a network today? Explain.

> Are Ethernet services a major change in the future of networking or a technology blip?

> Who regulates common carriers and how is it done?

> Describe five important factors in selecting WAN services.

> How can you improve WAN performance?

> Compare the three types of VPN.

> Explain how VPN services work.

> How do VPN services differ from common carrier services?

> What is Telnet, and why is it useful?

> Describe the four basic functions of an application software package.

> Explain the differences between CIR and MAR.

> Which is likely to be the longer-term winner: IP or Ethernet services?

> Compare and contrast frame relay and Ethernet services.

> Where does packetizing take place?

> How do packet-switching services differ from other WAN services?

> What are common carriers, local exchange carriers, and interexchange carriers?

> Explain how switched backbones work.

> In Figure 8-5, would the network still work if we removed the routers in each building and just had one core router? What would be the advantages and disadvantages of doing this? Figure 8-5: Routed backbone architecture

> Explain how routed backbones work.

> Under what circumstances would you use a VLAN backbone?

> What is a virtual server?

> Under what circumstances would you use a routed backbone?

> Under what circumstances would you use a switched backbone?

> How does a router differ from a VLAN?

> Some experts are predicting that Ethernet will move into the WAN. What do you think?

> How does a layer 2 switch differ from a VLAN?

> Why are broadcast messages important?

> How can you improve the performance of a BN?

> What are the advantages and disadvantages of VLANs?

> What is IEEE 802.1q?

> What are the major parts of an email message?

> Explain how multi switch VLANs work.

> Explain how single-switch VLANs work.

> What is a module and why are modules important?

> Compare and contrast rack-based and chassis-based switched backbones.

> What the key advantages and disadvantages of routed and switched backbones?

> How does a layer 2 switch differ from a router?

> How does wired Ethernet work?

> What does a NOS do? What are the major software parts of a NOS?

> What is a cable plan and why would you want one?

> Compare and contrast category 5 UTP, category 5e UTP, and category 5 STP.

> What roles do SMTP, POP, and IMAP play in sending and receiving email on the Internet?

> What types of cables are commonly used in wired LANs?

> Describe the basic components of a wireless LAN.

> As WLANs become more powerful, what are the implications for networks of the future? Will wired LANS still be common or will we eliminate wired offices?

> Many of the wired and wireless LANs share the same or similar components (e.g., error control). Why?

> Describe the basic components of a wired LAN.

> Describe three ways to improve network performance on circuits.

> Describe three ways to improve network performance on the server.

> What is a bottleneck and how can you locate one?

> What are three special-purpose devices you might find in a data center and what do they do?

> How does the design of the data center differ from the design of the LANs intended to provide user access to the network?

> Describe how mail user agents and mail transfer agents work together to transfer mail messages.

> How do you decide how many APs are needed and where they should be placed for best performance?

> What is a site survey, and why is it important?

> What are the best practice recommendations for WLAN design?

> What are the best practice recommendations for wired LAN design?

> Explain how association works in WLAN.

> Describe at least three types of servers.

> Explain how CSMA/CA PCF works.

> Explain how CSMA/CA DCF works.

> How does Wi-Fi differ from shared Ethernet in terms of topology, media access control, and error control, Ethernet frame?

> How does Wi-Fi perform media access control?

> Can a mail sender use a two-tier architecture to send mail to a receiver using a three-tier architecture? Explain.

> Compare and contrast the two types of antennas.

> Compare and contrast cut-through, store-and-forward, and fragment-free switching.

> How do Ethernet switches know where to send the frames they receive? Describe how switches gather and use this knowledge.

> Explain the terms 100Base-T, 100Base-F, 1000Base-T, 10 GbE, and 10/100/1000 Ethernet.

> Briefly describe how CSMA/CD works.

> How does a logical topology differ from a physical topology?

> Define local area network.

> What is an RFP, and why do companies use them?

> On what should the design plan be based?

> How can a network design tool help in network design?

> Describe how a Web browser and Web server work together to send a Web page to a user.

> Describe the key parts of the technology design step.

> Why is it important to analyze needs in terms of both application systems and users? 1

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