Question: What is meant by par value, and

> Davison Inc. recently hired a new accountant with extensive experience in accounting for partnerships. Because of the pressure of the new job, the accountant was unable to review what he had learned earlier about corporation accounting. During the first

> When is the stated interest rate of a debt instrument presumed to be fair?

> Weisberg Corporation has 10,000 shares of $100 par value, 6% preferred stock and 50,000 shares of $10 par value common stock outstanding at December 31, 2012. Instructions Answer the questions in each of the following independent situations. (a) If the

> Sanborn Company has outstanding 40,000 shares of $5 par common stock which had been issued at $30 per share. Sanborn then entered into the following transactions. 1. Purchased 5,000 treasury shares at $45 per share. 2. Resold 500 of the treasury shares a

> Loxley Corporation is authorized to issue 50,000 shares of $10 par value common stock. During 2012, Loxley took part in the following selected transactions. 1. Issued 5,000 shares of stock at $45 per share, less costs related to the issuance of the stock

> Hartman Inc. issues 500 shares of $10 par value common stock and 100 shares of $100 par value preferred stock for a lump sum of $100,000. Instructions (a) Prepare the journal entry for the issuance when the market price of the common shares is $168 each

> Fogelberg Corporation is a regional company which is an SEC registrant. The corporation’s securities are thinly traded on NASDAQ (National Association of Securities Dealers Quotes). Fogelberg has issued 10,000 units. Each unit consists of a $500 par, 12%

> Twenty-five thousand shares reacquired by Pierce Corporation for $48 per share were exchanged for undeveloped land that has an appraised value of $1,700,000. At the time of the exchange, the common stock was trading at $60 per share on an organized excha

> Abernathy Corporation was organized on January 1, 2012. It is authorized to issue 10,000 shares of 8%, $50 par value preferred stock, and 500,000 shares of no-par common stock with a stated value of $2 per share. The following stock transactions were com

> During its first year of operations, Sitwell Corporation had the following transactions pertaining to its common stock. Jan. 10 Issued 80,000 shares for cash at $6 per share. Mar. 1 Issued 5,000 shares to attorneys in payment of a bill for $35,000 for se

> Nottebart Corporation has outstanding 10,000 shares of $100 par value, 6% preferred stock and 60,000 shares of $10 par value common stock. The preferred stock was issued in January 2012, and no dividends were declared in 2012 or 2013. In 2014, Nottebart

> Use the information from BE15-13, but assume Green Day Corporation declared a 100% stock dividend rather than a 5% stock dividend. Prepare the journal entries for both the date of declaration and the date of distribution. In BE15-13 Green Day Corporatio

> How should discount on bonds payable be reported on the financial statements? Premium on bonds payable?

> Green Day Corporation has outstanding 400,000 shares of $10 par value common stock. The corporation declares a 5% stock dividend when the fair value of the stock is $65 per share. Prepare the journal entries for Green Day Corporation for both the date of

> Graves Mining Company declared, on April 20, a dividend of $500,000 payable on June 1. Of this amount, $125,000 is a return of capital. Prepare the April 20 and June 1 entries for Graves.

> Cole Inc. owns shares of Marlin Corporation stock classified as available-for-sale securities. At December 31, 2012, the available-for-sale securities were carried in Cole’s accounting records at their cost of $875,000, which equals their fair value. On

> Woolford Inc. declared a cash dividend of $1.00 per share on its 2 million outstanding shares. The dividend was declared on August 1, payable on September 9 to all stockholders of record on August 15. Prepare all journal entries necessary on those three

> Hinges Corporation issued 500 shares of $100 par value preferred stock for $61,500. Prepare Hinges’s journal entry.

> Arantxa Corporation has outstanding 20,000 shares of $5 par value common stock. On August 1, 2012, Arantxa reacquired 200 shares at $80 per share. On November 1, Arantxa reissued the 200 shares at $70 per share. Arantxa had no previous treasury stock tra

> Sprinkle Inc. has outstanding 10,000 shares of $10 par value common stock. On July 1, 2012, Sprinkle reacquired 100 shares at $87 per share. On September 1, Sprinkle reissued 60 shares at $90 per share. On November 1, Sprinkle reissued 40 shares at $83 p

> Moonwalker Corporation issued 2,000 shares of its $10 par value common stock for $60,000. Moonwalker also incurred $1,500 of costs associated with issuing the stock. Prepare Moonwalker’s journal entry to record the issuance of the company’s stock.

> On February 1, 2012, Buffalo Corporation issued 3,000 shares of its $5 par value common stock for land worth $31,000. Prepare the February 1, 2012, journal entry.

> Ravonette Corporation issued 300 shares of $10 par value common stock and 100 shares of $50 par value preferred stock for a lump sum of $13,500. The common stock has a market price of $20 per share, and the preferred stock has a market price of $90 per s

> What is done to record properly a transaction involving the issuance of a non-interest-bearing long-term note in exchange for property?

> Wilco Corporation has the following account balances at December 31, 2012. Common stock, $5 par value …………………………………………….. $ 510,000 Treasury stock …………………………………………………………………….. 90,000 Retained earnings ………………………………………………………….. 2,340,000 Paid-in capital in

> Swarten Corporation issued 600 shares of no-par common stock for $8,200. Prepare Swarten’s journal entry if (a) The stock has no stated value, and (b) The stock has a stated value of $2 per share.

> Buttercup Corporation issued 300 shares of $10 par value common stock for $4,500. Prepare Buttercup’s journal entry.

> Why is the distinction between paid-in capital and retained earnings important?

> Distinguish between common and preferred stock.

> For what reasons might a company restrict a portion of its retained earnings?

> This comment appeared in the annual report of MacCloud Inc.: “The Company could pay cash or property dividends on the Class A common stock without paying cash or property dividends on the Class B common stock. But if the Company pays any cash or property

> The following comment appeared in the notes of Colorado Corporation’s annual report: “Such distributions, representing proceeds from the sale of Sarazan, Inc., were paid in the form of partial liquidating dividends and were in lieu of a portion of the Co

> Stock splits and stock dividends may be used by a corporation to change the number of shares of its stock outstanding. (a) What is meant by a stock split effected in the form of a dividend? (b) From an accounting viewpoint, explain how the stock split ef

> Dividends are sometimes said to have been paid “out of retained earnings.” What is the error, if any, in that statement?

> Distinguish between the following interest rates for bonds payable: (a) Yield rate. (b) Nominal rate. (c) Stated rate. (d) Market rate. (e) Effective rate.

> What factors influence the dividend policy of a company?

> Indicate how each of the following accounts should be classified in the stockholders’ equity section. (a) Common Stock (b) Retained Earnings (c) Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par—Common Stock (d) Treasury Stock (e) Paid-in Capital from Treasury Stock (f)

> Satchel Inc. purchases 10,000 shares of its own previously issued $10 par common stock for $290,000. Assuming the shares are held in the treasury with intent to reissue, what effect does this transaction have on (a) Net income, (b) Total assets, (c) Tota

> List possible sources of additional paid-in capital.

> Where in the financial statements is preferred stock normally reported?

> Dagwood Inc. recently noted that its 4% preferred stock and 4% participating preferred stock, which are both cumulative, have priority as to dividends up to 4% of their par value. Its participating preferred stock participates equally with the common sto

> What features or rights may alter the character of preferred stock?

> Discuss the propriety of showing: (a) Treasury stock as an asset. (b) “Gain” or “loss” on sale of treasury stock as additions to or deductions from income. (c) Dividends received on treasury stock as income.

> For what reasons might a corporation purchase its own stock?

> Explain how underwriting costs and accounting and legal fees associated with the issuance of stock should be recorded.

> Assume the bonds in IFRS14-3 were issued for $644,636 and the effective-interest rate is 6%. Prepare the company’s journal entries for (a) The January 1 issuance, (b) The July 1 interest payment, and (c) The December 31 adjusting entry In IFRS14-3 On Ja

> What are the different bases for stock valuation when assets other than cash are received for issued shares of stock?

> Explain the difference between the proportional method and the incremental method of allocating the proceeds of lump-sum sales of capital stock.

> Describe the accounting for the issuance for cash of no-par value common stock at a price in excess of the stated value of the common stock.

> Explain each of the following terms: authorized capital stock, unissued capital stock, issued capital stock, outstanding capital stock, and treasury stock.

> If a company chooses to purchase its own shares and then either (1) Retires the repurchased shares and issues additional shares, or (2) Resells the repurchased shares, can a gain or loss be recognized by the company? Why or why not?

> A company plans to issue shares and wants to know the SEC’s stance on the accounting treatment for the costs of issuing stock. Can these costs be deferred, or must they be expensed immediately?

> At what percentage point can the issuance of additional shares still qualify as a stock dividend, as opposed to a stock split?

> Access the glossary (“Master Glossary”) to answer the following. (a) What is a “convertible security”? (b) What is a “stock dividend”? (c) What is a “stock split”? (d) What are “participation rights”?

> The financial statements of Marks and Spencer plc (M&S) are available at the book’s companion website or can be accessed at http://corporate.marksandspencer.com/documents/publications/2010/Annual_Report_2010. Instructions Refer to M&S’s financial statem

> On January 1, 2012, JWS Corporation issued $600,000 of 7% bonds, due in 10 years. The bonds were issued for $559,224, and pay interest each July 1 and January 1. Prepare the company’s journal entries for (a) The January 1 issuance, (b) The July 1 interes

> Recall from Chapter 13 that Hincapie Co. (a specialty bike-accessory manufacturer) is expecting growth in sales of some products targeted to the low-price market. Hincapie is contemplating a preference share issue to help finance this expansion in operat

> Teller Corporation’s post-closing trial balance at December 31, 2012, was as follows. At December 31, 2012, Teller had the following number of ordinary and preference shares. The dividends on preference shares are $4 cumulative. In

> Weisberg Corporation has 10,000 shares of $100 par value, 6%, preference shares and 50,000 ordinary shares of $10 par value outstanding at December 31, 2012. Instructions Answer the questions in each of the following independent situations. (a) If the p

> Ravonette Corporation issued 300 shares of $10 par value ordinary shares and 100 shares of $50 par value preference shares for a lump sum of $13,500. The ordinary shares have a market price of $20 per share, and the preference shares have a market price

> Wilco Corporation has the following account balances at December 31, 2012. Share capital—ordinary, $5 par value …………………………. $ 510,000 Treasury shares ……………………………………………………………. 90,000 Retained earnings ……………………………………………………. 2,340,000 Share premium—ordinary

> Kaymer Corporation issued 300 shares of $10 par value ordinary shares for $4,500. Prepare Kaymer’s journal entry.

> Indicate how each of the following accounts should be classified in the equity section. (a) Share Capital—Ordinary (b) Retained Earnings (c) Share Premium—Ordinary (d) Treasury Shares (e) Share Premium—Treasury (f) Share Capital—Preference (g) Accumulate

> Explain each of the following terms: authorized ordinary shares, unissued ordinary shares, issued ordinary shares, outstanding ordinary shares, and treasury shares.

> Mary Tokar is comparing a GAAP-based company to a company that uses IFRS. Both companies report equity investments. The IFRS company reports unrealized losses on these investments under the heading “Reserves” in its equity section. However, Mary can find

> Briefly discuss the implications of the financial statement presentation project for the reporting of stockholders’ equity.

> What are the general rules for measuring and recognizing gain or loss by a debt extinguishment with modification?

> The following article appeared in the Wall Street Journal. Bond Markets Giant Commonwealth Edison Issue Hits Resale Market With $70 Million Left Over new york—Commonwealth Edison Co.’s slow-selling new 9¼% bonds were tossed onto the resale market at a re

> True or False: A market may collapse and have relatively few transactions between buyers and sellers if buyers have more information than sellers.

> Place an “M” beside the items in the following list that describe a moral hazard problem and an “A” beside those that describe an adverse selection problem. a. A person with a terminal illness buys several life insurance policies through the mail. b. A

> Choose the correct option Efficiency losses ____________________________. a. Are not possible if suppliers are willing to produce and sell a product. b. Can only result from underproduction. c. Can only result from overproduction. d. None of the above.

> Look at Tables 4.1 and 4.2 together. What is the total surplus if Bob buys a unit from Carlos? If Barb buys a unit from Courtney? If Bob buys a unit from Chad? If you match up pairs of buyers and sellers so as to maximize the total surplus of all transa

> Match each of the following characteristics or scenarios with either the term negative externality or the term positive externality. a. Overallocation of resources. b. Tammy installs a very nice front garden, raising the property values of all the other

> Use your demand schedule for a public good, determined in problem 5, and the following supply schedule to ascertain the optimal quantity of this public good. Q, $19 10 16 8 13 6. 10 4 7 4 1

> An apple grower’s orchard provides nectar to a neighbor’s bees, while the beekeeper’s bees help the apple grower by pollinating his apple blossoms. Use Figure 4.6b to explain why this situation of dual positive externalities might lead to an underallocat

> Governments can use subsidies to increase demand. For instance, the government can pay farmers to use organic fertilizers rather than traditional fertilizers. That subsidy increases the demand for organic fertilizer. Consider two industries, one in which

> Assume that both the supply of bottled water and the demand for bottled water rise during the summer but that supply increases more rapidly than demand. What can you conclude about the directions of the impacts on equilibrium price and equilibrium quanti

> Critically evaluate: “In comparing the two equilibrium positions in Figure 3.7b , I note that a smaller amount is actually demanded at a lower price. This refutes the law of demand.”

> What are the two characteristics of public goods? Explain the significance of each for public provision as opposed to private provision. What is the free-rider problem as it relates to public goods? Is U.S. border patrol a public good or a private good?

> Assume that demand for a commodity is represented by the equation P = 10 - .2Qd and supply by the equation P = 2 + .2Qs, where Qd and Qs are quantity demanded and quantity supplied, respectively, and P is price. Using the equilibrium condition Qs = Qd, s

> For each stock in the stock market, the number of shares sold daily equals the number of shares purchased. That is, the quantity of each firm’s shares demanded equals the quantity supplied. So, if this equality always occurs, why do the prices of stock s

> True or False: Households sell finished products to businesses.

> Evaluate and explain the following statements: a. The market system is a profit-and-loss system. b. Competition is the disciplinarian of the market economy.

> Explain the law of demand. Why does a demand curve slope downward? How a market demand curve is derived from individual demand curves?

> Suppose that C = a + bY , where C = consumption, a = consumption at zero income, b = slope, and Y = income. a. Are C and Y positively related or are they negatively related? b. If graphed, would the curve for this equation slope upward or slope downward

> Explain how (if at all) each of the following events affects the location of a country’s production possibilities curve: a. The quality of education increases. b. The number of unemployed workers increases. c. A new technique improves the efficiency of

> Look at Figure 1.3. Suppose that the cost of cheese falls, so that the marginal cost of producing pizza decreases. Will the MC curve shift up or down? Will the optimal amount of pizza increase or decrease?

> State (a) a positive economic statement of your choice, and then (b) a normative economic statement relating to your first statement.

> Use the distinction between the characteristics of private and public goods to determine whether the following should be produced through the market system or provided by government: a.French fries, b. Court systems c. Mail delivery d. Medical care. St

> A price ceiling will result in a shortage only if the ceiling price is ____________ the equilibrium price. a. less than b. equal to c. greater than d. louder than

> On the basis of the three individual demand schedules below, and assuming these three people are the only ones in the society, determine a. The market demand schedule on the assumption that the good is a private good and b. The collective demand schedule

> Why are spillover costs and spillover benefits also called negative and positive externalities? Show graphically how a tax can correct for a negative externality and how a subsidy to producers can correct for a positive externality. How does a subsidy to

> Suppose both the demand for olives and the supply of olives decline by equal amounts over some time period. Use graphical analysis to show the effect on equilibrium price and quantity.

> Assume the demand for lumber suddenly rises because of a rapid growth of demand for new housing. Assume no change in supply. Why does the equilibrium price of lumber rise? What would happen if the price did not rise under the demand and supply circumstan

> Suppose that in the market for computer memory chips, the equilibrium price is $50 per chip. If the current price is $55 per chip, then there will be ______________ of memory chips. a. A shortage. b. A surplus. c. An equilibrium quantity. d. None of the

> Decide whether each of the following descriptions most closely corresponds to being part of a command system, a market system, or a laissez-faire system. a. A woman who wants to start a flower shop finds she cannot do so unless the central government ha

> Use two market diagrams to explain how an increase in state subsidies to public colleges might affect tuition and enrollments in both public and private colleges.

> In 2001 an outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease in Europe led to the burning of millions of cattle carcasses. What impact do you think this had on the supply of cattle hides, hide prices, the supply of leather goods, and the price of leather goods?

> Identify each of the following quotes as being an example of either: the coordination problem, the invisible hand, creative destruction, or the incentive problem. a. "If you compare a list of today’s most powerful and profitable companies with a similar

> What problem does barter entail? Indicate the economic significance of money as a medium of exchange. What is meant by the statement “We want money only to part with it”?