Question: What is the relationship between education and

> Suppose that P(E) = 0.15, P(F) = 0.45, and P(F | E) = 0.70. (a) What is P(E and F)? (b) What is P(E or F)? (c) What is P(E | F)? (d) Are E and F independent?

> To test /, a simple random sample of size n = 35 is obtained from an unknown distribution. The sample mean is 104.3 and the sample standard deviation is 12.4. (a) To use the t-distribution, why must the sample size be large? (b) Use the classical or P-va

> A researcher has recruited 20 volunteers to participate in a study. The researcher wishes to measure the effect of alcohol on an individual’s reaction time. The 20 volunteers are randomly divided into two groups. Group 1 serves as a control group in whic

> Suppose that P(E) = 0.37 and P(F) = 0.22. (a) Find P(E or F) if E and F are mutually exclusive. (b) Find P(E and F) if E and F are independent.

>  is computed to be 0.113. What is the probability of a Type II error?

> A test is conducted at the  = 0.05 level of significance. What is the probability of a Type I error?

> Suppose that E = {Adam}. Compute the probability of Ec.

> Explain the procedure for testing a hypothesis using the P-value Approach. What is the criterion for judging whether to reject the null hypothesis?

> Compute the probability of the event E = {Chris or Elaine}.

> Explain the procedure for testing a hypothesis using the Classical Approach. What is the criterion for judging whether to reject the null hypothesis?

> A student is taking a 40-question multiple-choice test. Each question has five possible answers. Since the student did not study for the test, he guesses on all the questions. Letting 0 or 1 indicate a correct answer, use the following line from a table

> According to the American Time Use Survey, the mean number of hours each day Americans, aged 15 and older, spend eating and drinking is 1.22. A researcher wanted to know if Americans, aged 15 to 19, spent less time eating and drinking. After surveying 50

> Compute the probability of the event E = {Jason}

> A pharmaceutical company wants to test the effectiveness of an experimental drug meant to reduce high cholesterol. The researcher at the pharmaceutical company has decided to test the effectiveness of the drug through a completely randomized design. She

> Among all credit cards issued, the proportion of cards that result in default was 0.13 in 2010. A credit analyst with Visa believes this proportion is different today.

> How many distinguishable DNA sequences can be formed using two As, four Cs, four Gs, and five Ts?

> Explain the difference between “accepting” and “not rejecting” a null hypothesis.

> A survey distributed at the 28th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference asked respondents to estimate the chance that there was life on Mars. The median response was a 57% chance of life on Mars. Which method of finding probabilities was used to obtain t

> A large university has a college algebra enrollment of 5000 students each semester. Because of space limitations, the university decides to offer its college algebra courses in a self-study format in which students learn independently, but have acces

> A local area network requires eight characters for a password. The first character must be a letter, but the remaining seven characters can be either a letter or a digit (0 through 9). Lower- and uppercase letters are considered the same. How many passwo

> In 1995, 40% of adolescents stated they prayed daily. A researcher wants to know whether this percentage has risen since then. He surveys 40 adolescents and finds that 18 pray on a daily basis. Is this evidence that the proportion of adolescents who pray

> In Pennsylvania’s Cash 5 lottery, balls are numbered 1 to 43. Five balls are selected randomly, without replacement. The order in which the balls are selected does not matter. To win, your numbers must match the five selected. Determine your probability

> Throughout the country, the proportion of first-time, first-year community college students who return for their second year of studies is 0.52 according to the Community College Survey of Student Engagement. Suppose a community college institutes new po

> The U.S. Senate Appropriations Committee has 29 members and a subcommittee is to be formed by randomly selecting 5 of its members. How many different committees could be formed?

> Professor Andy Neill wanted to determine if the reaction time of people differs in their dominant hand versus their nondominant hand. To do this, he recruited 15 students. Each student was asked to hold a yardstick between the index finger and thumb.

> A random sample of 150 pregnant women indicated that 81 napped at least twice per week. Do a majority of pregnant women nap at least twice a week? Use the  = 0.05 level of significance. Source: National Sleep Foundation.

> In the game of Jumble, the letters of a word are scrambled. The player must form the correct word. In a recent game in a local newspaper, the Jumble “word” was LINCEY. How many different arrangements are there of the letters in this “word”?

> College mathematics instructors suggest that students spend 2 hours outside class studying for every hour in class. So, for a 4-credit-hour math class, students should spend at least 8 hours (480 minutes) studying each week. The given data, from Michael

> You just received a shipment of 10 DVD players. One DVD player is defective. You will accept the shipment if two randomly selected DVD players work. What is the probability that you will accept the shipment?

> The U.S. Golf Association (USGA) requires that golf balls have a diameter that is 1.68 inches. To determine if Maxfli XS golf balls conform to USGA standards, a random sample of Maxfli XS golf balls was selected. Their diameters are shown in the table. (

> During the 2018 season, the Chicago Cubs won 58% of their games. Assuming that the outcomes of the baseball games are independent and that the percentage of wins this season will be the same as in 2018, answer the following questions: (a) What is the pro

> Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich said that the mean temperature of humans is 98.6°F. Researchers Philip Mackowiak, Steven Wasserman, and Myron Levine [JAMA, Sept. 23–30 1992; 268(12):1578–80] thought that the mean temperature of humans is less than 98.6°F

> The following represent the results of a survey in which individuals were asked to disclose what they perceive to be the ideal number of children. (a) What is the probability an individual believes the ideal number of children is 2? (b) What is the proba

> A linear rotary bearing is designed so that the distance between the retaining rings is 0.875 inch. The quality-control manager suspects that the manufacturing process needs to be recalibrated because the mean distance between the retaining rings is grea

> The following probability model shows the distribution of the most-popular-selling Girl Scout Cookies®. (a) Verify that this is a probability model. (b) If a girl scout is selling cookies to people who randomly enter a shopping mall, what is the probabil

> Does a platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection into the scalp promote hair growth? Researchers identified 30 female patients with female pattern hair loss. The patients ranged in age from 20 to 45 years. For each patient, two areas with hair loss were ident

> The proportion of patients who visit the emergency room (ER) and die within the year is 0.05. Source: SuperFreakonomics. Suppose a hospital administrator is concerned that his ER has a higher proportion of patients who die within the year. In a random sa

> Which among the following numbers could be the (c) If a girl scout is selling cookies to people who randomly probability of an event? /

> According to creditcard.com, the mean outstanding credit-card debt of college undergraduates was $3173 in 2010. A researcher believes that this amount has decreased since then.

> What would you say about a set of quantitative bivariate data whose linear correlation coefficient is -1? What would a scatter diagram of the data look like?

> A simple random sample of size n is drawn from a population that is known to be normally distributed. The sample mean, /, is determined to be 104.3 and the sample standard deviation, s, is determined to be 15.9. (a) Construct the 90% confidence interval

> What does it mean if a linear correlation coefficient is close to zero? Draw two scatter diagrams for which the linear correlation coefficient is close to zero.

> A simple random sample of size n is drawn from a population. The sample mean, /, is 54.8 and the sample standard deviation is 10.5. (a) Construct the 90% confidence interval for the population mean if the sample size, n, is 30. (b) Construct the 90% conf

> If the slope of a least-squares regression line is negative, what could be said about the correlation between the explanatory and response variable?

> State the properties of Student’s t-distribution.

> Which is larger, the area under the t-distribution with 10 degrees of freedom to the right of t = 2.32 or the area under the standard normal distribution to the right of z = 2.32? Why?

> Researchers wanted to determine whether the stomach shrinks as a result of dieting. To do this, they randomly divided 23 obese patients into two groups. The 14 individuals in the experimental group were placed on a diet that allowed them to consume 2508

> Consider the following contingency table, which relates the number of applicants accepted to a college and gender. (a) Construct a conditional distribution of acceptance status by gender. (b) What proportion of males was accepted? What proportion of fema

> The area under the t-distribution with 18 degrees of freedom to the right of t = 1.56 is 0.0681. What is the area under the t-distribution with 18 degrees of freedom to the left of t = -1.56? Why?

> For what proportion of samples will a 90% confidence interval for a population mean not capture the true population mean?

> A researcher collects data regarding the percent of all births to unmarried women and the number of violent crimes for the 50 states and Washington, DC. The scatter diagram along with the least-squares regression line obtained from Minitab is shown on th

> What does the 95% represent in a 95% confidence interval?

> Use the results from Problems 1 and 2 to compute and interpret R2.

> Many of the examples and exercises in the text have dealt with IQ scores. We now know that IQ scores based on the Stanford–Binet IQ test are approximately normally distributed with a mean of 100 and standard deviation 15. If you were to obtain 100 differ

> Use the data from Problem 1. (a) Find the least-squares regression line treating temperature as the explanatory variable and chirps per second as the response variable. (b) Interpret the slope and y-intercept, if appropriate. (c) Predict the chirps per s

> In a random sample of 678 adult males 20 to 34 years of age, it was determined that 58 of them have hypertension (high blood pressure). Source: The Centers for Disease Control. (a) Obtain a point estimate for the proportion of adult males 20 to 34 years

> Researchers wanted to evaluate whether ginkgo, an over-the-counter herb marketed as enhancing memory, improves memory in elderly adults as measured by objective tests. To do this, they recruited 98 men and 132 women older than 60 years and in good health

> Crickets make a chirping noise by sliding their wings rapidly over each other. Perhaps you have noticed that the number of chirps seems to increase with the temperature. The following data list the temperature (in degrees Fahrenheit) and the number of ch

> The diameter of the Douglas fir tree is measured at a height of 1.37 meters. The following data represent the diameter in centimeters of a random sample of 12 Douglas firs in the western Washington Cascades. Source: L. Winter. “Live Tree and Tree-Ring Re

> The following data represent the weights (in grams) of 50 randomly selected quarters. Determine and interpret the quartiles. Does the data set contain any outliers?

> A random sample of 60 married couples who have been married 7 years was asked the number of children they have. The results of the survey are as follows: Note: / = 2.27, s = 1.22. (a) What is the shape of the distribution of the sample mean? Why? (b) Com

> An engineer is studying bearing failures for two different materials in aircraft gas turbine engines. The following data are failure times (in millions of cycles) for samples of the two material types. (a) Determine the sample mean failure time for each

> Researchers conducted an experiment to determine the effectiveness of a commercial caffeinated carbohydrate–electrolyte sports drink compared with a placebo. Sixteen highly trained cyclists each completed two trials of prolonged cycling in a warm environ

> Yolanda wishes to develop a new type of meatloaf to sell at her restaurant. She decides to combine 2 pounds of ground sirloin (cost $2.70 per pound), 1 pound of ground turkey (cost $1.30 per pound), and 1/2 pound of ground pork (cost $1.80 per pound). Wh

> The General Social Survey asked: “How many e-mails do you send in a day?” The results of 928 respondents indicate that the mean number of e-mails sent in a day is 10.4, with a standard deviation of 28.5. (a) Given the fact that 1 standard deviation to th

> The following data represent the length of time (in minutes) between eruptions of Old Faithful in Yellowstone National Park. (a) Approximate the mean length of time between eruptions. (b) Approximate the standard deviation length of time between eruption

> In a survey of 35 adult Americans, it was found that the mean age (in years) that people would like to live to is 87.9 with a standard deviation of 15.5. An analysis of the raw data indicates the distribution is skewed left. (a) Explain why a large sampl

> Researchers wanted to test the effectiveness of a new cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) compared with both an older behavioral treatment and a placebo therapy for treating insomnia. They identified 75 adults with insomnia. Patients were randomly assigne

> In a random sample of 250 toner cartridges, the mean number of pages a toner cartridge can print is 4302 and the standard deviation is 340. (a) Suppose a histogram of the data indicates that the sample data follow a bell-shaped distribution. According to

> Find the critical t-value for constructing a confidence interval for a population mean at the given level of confidence for the given sample size, n. (a) 99% confidence; n = 18 (b) 90% confidence; n = 27

> (a) Determine the standard deviation of the homework data from Problem 1. (b) By hand, determine and interpret the interquartile range of the homework data from Problem 1. (c) Which of these two measures of dispersion is resistant? Why?

> According to the U.S. Census Bureau, in 2009, 10% of adults 25 years and older in the United States had advanced degrees. A researcher with the U.S. Department of Education surveys 500 randomly selected adults 25 years of age or older and finds that 60 o

> Determine the range of the homework data from Problem 1.

> A Gallup survey indicated that 72% of 18- to 29-year-olds, if given a choice, would prefer to start their own business rather than work for someone else. A random sample of 600 18- to 29-year-olds is obtained today. (a) Is the variable start own business

> The Federal Bureau of Investigation classifies various larcenies. The data below represent the type of larcenies based on a random sample of 15 larcenies. What is the mode type of larceny?

> Based on data obtained from AC Nielsen, the mean number of televisions in a household in the United States is 2.24. Assume that the population standard deviation number of television sets in the United States is 1.38. (a) Do you believe the shape of the

> Explain how the standard deviation measures dispersion. In your explanation, include a discussion of deviation about the mean.

> A machine at K&A Tube & Manufacturing Company produces a certain copper tubing component in a refrigeration unit. The tubing components produced by the manufacturer have a mean diameter of 0.75 inch with a standard deviation of 0.004 inch. The quality-co

> The principle of ideomotor action suggests that the act of thinking about a behavior increases the tendency to engage in that behavior. This is sometimes referred to as “priming.” In one such study, 30 male and female undergraduate students were randomly

> Answer the following based on the histograms shown in the next column. (a) Which measure of central tendency would you recommend reporting for the data whose histogram is shown in Figure I? Why? (b) Which one has more dispersion? Explain.

> The total energy need during pregnancy is normally distributed, with mean  = 2600 kcal/day and standard deviation= 50 kcal/day. Source: American Dietetic Association. (a) Is total energy need during pregnancy qualitative or quantitative? (b) What is

> The distribution of income tends to be skewed to the right. Suppose you are running for a congressional seat and wish to portray that the average income in your district is low. Which measure of central tendency, the mean or the median, would you report?

> What are the mean and standard deviation of the sampling distribution of /? What are the mean and standard deviation of the sampling distribution of /?

> According to the National Center for Health Statistics, a 10-year-old male whose height is 53.5 inches has a height that is at the 15th percentile. Explain what this means.

> Under what conditions is the sampling distribution of / approximately normal?

> Armando is filling out a college application that requires he supply either his SAT math score or his ACT math score. Armando scored 610 on the SAT math and 27 on the ACT math. Which score should Armando report, given that the mean SAT math score is 515

> Under what conditions is the sampling distribution of / normal?

> The following data represent the amount of time (in minutes) a random sample of eight students enrolled in Sullivan’s Intermediate Algebra course spent on the homework from Section 4.5, Factoring Polynomials. (a) Determine the mean amount of time spent d

> Suppose, during the course of a typical season, a batter has 500 at-bats. This means the player has the opportunity to get a hit 500 times during the course of a season. Further, suppose a batter is a career 0.280 hitter (he averages 280 hits every 1000

> To help assess student learning in her developmental math courses, a mathematics professor at a community college implemented pre- and posttests for her students. A knowledge-gained score was obtained by taking the difference of the two test scores. (a)

> The following is a USA Today-type graph. Do you think the graph is misleading? Why? If you think it is misleading, improve the graph?

> In your own words, explain what a sampling distribution is.

> The data in the next column shows birth rate and per capita income (in thousands of 2012 dollars) from 2005 through 2017. Draw a time-series plot for both birth rate and per capita income. Comment on any trends.

>  = 70,  = 10, P(65 < X < 85)

>  = 30,  = 5, P(X ≤ 23)

> The following data represent the time (in minutes) students spent working their Section 1.1 homework from Sullivan’s College Algebra course (based on time logged into MyLabMath). Draw a stem-and-leaf diagram of the data and comment on the shape of the di

>  = 50, = 6, PX 55

> Dr. Paul Oswiecmiski randomly selects 40 of his 20- to 29-year-old patients and obtains the following data regarding their serum HDL cholesterol: (a) Construct a frequency distribution. (b) Construct a relative frequency distribution. (c) Construct a fre

> Find the value of z0.20.

> The following data represent the number of cars that arrived at a McDonald’s drive-through between 11:50 A.M. and 12:00 noon each Wednesday for the past 50 weeks: (a) Construct a frequency distribution of the data. (b) Construct a relative frequency dist