When can a structured loop be exited?
> When should a single-alternative decision structure be used instead of a dual-alternative structure?
> The American Association for Retired Persons (AARP) mails out applications to people who are age 50 and older. How might you write a selection question to select all persons eligible for AARP?
> 1. When structures are attached to each other end to end, this is called ____. 2. When one structure is contained completely within another structure, this is called ____. 3. Another name for looping is ____.
> What are three structures of programming?
> 1. (True/False) Many approaches can be used to write and execute a computer program. 2. A(n) ____ is a program that you use to create simple text files. 3. The ____ is a location on your computer screen where you type text entries to communicate with the
> You have an outer for loop that will execute five times, with an inner for loop that will execute three times each time it is entered. How many times in total will the inner for loop execute?
> 1. A report that contains only totals and other overall statistical information is called a(n) _____ report. 2. A variable that is used to hold a running total is called a(n) ___________ variable.
> What are some other names for modules?
> 1. Declaring a starting value is known as ____ the variable. 2. A variable’s unknown value is commonly called ____. 3. (True/False) Variable names should have some appropriate meaning. 4. A(n) ____ variable can hold text, such as letters of the alphabet,
> What purpose does a sentinel value have?
> 1. A symbol shaped like a(n) ___________ represents a decision in a flowchart. 2. A loop that runs forever is called a(n) ______________ loop. 3. A code stored in a file that marks the end of the data is called a(n) ____ marker.
> 1. A(n) ____ anomaly is a problem that occurs when the data in a table needs to be altered. 2. A table that contains repeating groups is ____. 3. A(n) ____ dependency occurs when the value of a nonkey attribute determines, or predicts, the value of anoth
> 1. You represent a(n) ____ relationship between classes with a straight line. 2. ____ diagrams are similar to class diagrams, but they model specific instances of classes. 3. You use a(n) ____ diagram to illustrate aspects of a system that show interesti
> 1. A(n) ____ represents a picture or sketch of a screen the user will see when running a program. 2. A(n) ____ diagram shows the relationship between screens in an interactive GUI program. 3. A(n) ____ is the flow of execution of one set of program state
> 1. ____ are collections of classes that serve related purposes. 2. In programming languages that supply existing ____ classes, you are often provided with a visual development environment in which you can create programs by dragging components such as bu
> 1. Object-oriented programmers usually specify that their data fields will have ____ access—that is, the data cannot be accessed by any method that is not part of the class. 2. An access ____ is the adjective defining the type of access (public or privat
> 1. (True/False) When you pass an array element to a method, any changes to it are not permanent and are not reflected in the array declared in the main program. 2. Arrays, unlike simple built-in types, are passed by ____. 3. When you overload a method, y
> 1. An array whose elements you can access using a single subscript is a(n) ____dimensional array. 2. (True/False) You access a two-dimensional array value using two subscripts, in which the first subscript represents the column and the second one represe
> 1. A(n) ____ file is a file in which records are stored one after another in some order. 2. In a(n) ____ program, as you read records, you examine the same field in each record; and when you encounter a record that contains a different value from the one
> A computer program must be free of ____ errors before you can execute it.
> 1. The first element in an array has a subscript of ____. 2. The last element in an array has a subscript of ____.
> How are the items in two parallel arrays related?
> What programming construct should be used to search through an array for a matching item?
> In a for loop, is the condition tested before or after the loop body is executed?
> If the loop control variable is not initialized, what may happen?
> If the loop control variable is not altered within the loop, what will happen?
> When AND and OR operators are combined in the same statement, which has precedence?
> 1. In an OR decision, you should first ask the question that is ____ (more/less) likely to be true. 2. In an AND decision, you should first ask the question that is ____ (more/less) likely to be true.
> Which logical operator requires that both conditions be true to produce a true result?
> Which logical operator requires that only one condition be true to produce a true result?
> What is the most important phase in creating a program to solve a problem?
> List the reasons for using the three structures discussed in the chapter.
> 1. A(n) ____ is an added statement that gets the first input value in a program. 2. (True/False) When you are beginning to learn about structured program design, it is easy to detect whether a flowchart of a program’s logic is structured. 3. (True/False)
> 1. The feature of modular programs that allows individual modules to be used in a variety of applications is known as ____. 2. Programmers say the data items are ____ only within the module in which they are declared. 3. (True/False) A hierarchy chart te
> 1. A value that uniquely identifies a record is called a(n) ____ key. 2. When defining a table, you must identify a name and ____ for each column. 3. (True/False) In the following table structure, the primary key is tblStudents. tblStudents(idNumber, las
> 1. (True/False) The UML is an object-oriented programming language. 2. ____ diagrams emphasize the “things” in a system. 3. In a use case, users are called actors and are represented by ____. 4. You use a(n) ____ variation when a case can be part of mult
> 1. The ____ is the software that you use to run a computer and manage its resources. 2. (True/False) With most event-driven programs, the user might initiate any number of events in any order. 3. An object that is “interested in” an event to which you wa
> What is the name for the destructor of a class named Manager?
> What is another name for a base class?
> How many arguments are required by a default constructor?
> 1. A(n) ____ is a method that establishes an object. 2. (True/False) Constructors may be overloaded. 3. The ____ access modifier is used when you want no outside classes to be able to use a data field, except classes that are children of the original cla
> What are the three basic operations of a computer?
> 1. An object is one ____ of a class. 2. The data components of a class that belong to every instantiated object are the class’s ____ variables. 3. ____ is the process of acquiring the traits of one’s predecessors. 4. A class ____ is a set of program stat
> What are five important features of object-oriented languages?
> 1. (True/False) When you pass a data item into a method from a calling program, it is called a parameter to the method. 2. (True/False) Each time a method executes, any parameter variables listed in the method header are redeclared. 3. The ____ for a met
> 1. When records are in ____ order, they are arranged one after another on the basis of the value in a particular field. 2. (True/False) When computers sort data, they always use alphabetic values when making comparisons between values. 3. When you ____ v
> 1. ____ files contain data that has not been encoded as text. 2. The combination of the disk drive plus the complete hierarchy of directories in which a file resides is its ____. 3. ____ are groups of fields that go together for some logical reason. 4. (
> 1. Each element of an array has the same ____ and the same ____. 2. Each element of an array has a unique ____. 3. (True/False) Array elements are stored sequentially in computer memory.
> Another term for “counting down” is ____.
> What are the three steps found in every loop?
> What values can result from evaluating Boolean expressions?
> What are the two major components of a computer system?
> Determine whether the statement is true or false. There exist two nonzero 1 x1 matrices A and B such that AB is the 1 x 1 zero matrix.
> Find the matrix products. Note that each product can be found mentally, without the use of a calculator or pencil-and-paper calculations
> Use a graphing calculator to find the solution to each system. Round any approximate solutions to three decimal places.
> George finds a company that charges 59¢ per day for each $1,000 borrowed. If he borrows $3,000 for 60 days, what amount will he repay, and what annual interest rate will he pay the company?
> How long will it take $42,000 to grow to $60,276 if it is invested at 4.25% compounded continuously?
> If you paid $120 to a loan company for the use of $2,000 for 90 days, what annual rate of interest did they charge?
> How long will it take $5,000 to grow to $7,000 if it is invested at 6% compounded quarterly?
> A check for $3,097.50 was used to retire a 5-month $3,000 loan. What annual rate of interest was charged?
> What is the annual percentage yield (APY) for money invested at an annual rate of (A) 3.05% compounded quarterly? (B) 2.95% compounded continuously?
> A loan of $10,000 was repaid at the end of 6 months. What amount (principal and interest) was repaid, if a 6.5% annual rate of interest was charged?
> What is the annual percentage yield (APY) for money invested at an annual rate of (A) 4.32% compounded monthly? (B) 4.31% compounded daily?
> If a 50% annual rate is charged, how much interest will be owed on a loan of $1,000 for 30 days?
> If an investment earns 12% compounded continuously, how much should you deposit now to have $4,800 (A) 48 months from now? (B) 7 years from now?
> simplify each expression assuming that n is an integer and n ( 2.
> If $5,000 is loaned for 9 months at a 6.2% annual rate, how much interest is earned?
> If an investment company pays 8% compounded quarterly, how much should you deposit now to have $6,000 (A) 3 years from now? (B) 6 years from now?
> Discuss the similarities and differences in the graphs of future value A as a function of time t for loans of $400, $800, and $1,200, respectively, each at 7.5% simple interest (see the figure)
> If $2,000 is invested in an account that earns 8.25% compounded annually for 5 years, find the interest earned during each year and the amount in the account at the end of each year. Organize your results in a table.
> Solve each formula for the indicated variable. I = Prt; fort
> Discuss the similarities and differences in the graphs of future value A as a function of time t for loans of $4,000, $8,000, and $12,000, respectively, each at 7.5% compounded monthly for 8 years (see the figure).
> Solve each formula for the indicated variable. A = P + Prt; forr
> If $23,000 is invested at 13.5% compounded continuously, what is the amount after 15 years?
> Solve each formula for the indicated variable. I = Prt; forP
> If $20,000 is invested at 4% compounded monthly, what is the amount after (A) 5 years? (B) 8 years?
> Evaluate the expression. If the answer is not an integer, round to four decimal places.
> Solve two ways: (A) using a tree diagram, and (B) using the multiplication principle n how many ways can 3 coins turn up—heads H, or tails T—if combined outcomes such as (H, T, H), (H, H, T), and (T, H, H) are considered as different?
> Solve two ways: (A) using a tree diagram, and (B) using the multiplication principle How many 2-letter code words can be formed from the first 3 letters of the alphabet if no letter can be used more than once?
> Solve for x. 12(x + 5) = x + 122 - 29
> Solve for x. 7x = 51 + 45 - x
> Solve for x. 124 = 73 + 87 - x
> Use formula (2) for the amount to find each of the indicated quantities. A = $410; P = $400; r = 10%; t = ?
> Politics. If 12,457 people voted for a politician in his first election, 15,322 voted for him in his second election, and 9,345 voted for him in the first and second elections, how many people voted for this politician in the first or second election?
> A couple is planning to have 3 children. How many boy–girl combinations are possible? Distinguish between combined outcomes such as (B, B, G), (B, G, B), and (G, B, B). (A) Solve using a tree diagram. (B) Solve using the multiplication principle.
> Refer to the table in Problem 61. (A) How many females are of age 16–19 and earn minimum wage? (B) How many males are of age 16–24 and earn below minimum wage? (C) How many workers are of age 20–24
> A cable company offers its 10,000 customers two special services: high-speed internet and digital phone. If 3,770 customers use high-speed internet, 3,250 use digital phone, and 4,530 do not use either of these services, how many customers use both high-
> A survey of 800 small businesses indicates that 250 own a video conferencing system, 420 own projection equipment, and 180 own a video conferencing system and projection equipment. (A) How many businesses in the survey own either a video conferencing sy
> A manufacturing company in city A wishes to truck its product to 4 different cities: B, C, D, and E. If roads interconnect all 4 cities, how many different route plans can be constructed so that a single truck, starting from A, will visit each city exact
> A corporation plans to fill 2 different positions for vice-president, V1 and V2, from administrative officers in 2 of its manufacturing plants. Plant A has 6 officers and plant B has 8. How many ways can these 2 positions be filled if the V1 position is
> A high school football team with 40 players includes 16 players who played offense last year, 17 who played defense, and 12 who were not on last year’s team. How many players from last year played both offense and defense?
> A class of 30 music students includes 13 who play the piano, 16 who play the guitar, and 5 who play both the piano and the guitar. How many students in the class play neither instrument?
> Refer to the following Venn diagram. Which of the numbers x, y, z, or w must equal 0 if A ∪ B = U?
> If $2,000 is invested at 7% compounded (A) annually (B) quarterly (C) monthly what is the amount after 5 years? How much interest is earned?
> Refer to the following Venn diagram. Which of the numbers x, y, z, or w must equal 0 if A and B are disjoint?
> Explain how three sets, A, B, and C, can be related to each other in order for the following equation to hold true (Venn diagrams may be helpful):
> How many 5-digit ZIP code numbers are possible? How many of these numbers contain no repeated digits?
> A small combination lock has 3 wheels, each labeled with the 10 digits from 0 to 9. How many 3-digit combinations are possible if no digit is repeated? If digits can be repeated? If successive digits must be different?
> Using the English alphabet, how many 5-character case sensitive passwords are possible if each character is a letter or a digit?
> A delicatessen serves meat sandwiches with the following options: 3 kinds of bread, 5 kinds of meat, and lettuce or sprouts. How many different sandwiches are possible, assuming that one item is used out of each category
