Question: Why is this separation so critical to

> Boilermaker, Inc. reported taxable income of $500,000 this year and paid federal income taxes of $105,000. Not included in the company’s computation of taxable income is tax-exempt income of $20,000, disallowed meals and entertainment expenses of $30,000

> This year Bobcat Company reports current E&P of negative $300,000 that accrued evenly throughout the year. At the beginning of the year, Bobcat’s accumulated E&P was a $200,000. Bobcat distributed $200,000 to its sole shareholder, Melanie Rushmore, on Ju

> Bulldog Corporation reported taxable income of $500,000 this year before any deduction for any payment to its sole shareholder and employee, Georgia Brown. Bulldog chose to pay a bonus of $100,000 to Georgia at year-end. The bonus meets the requirement

> Gopher Corporation reported taxable income of $500,000 this year. Gopher paid a dividend of $100,000 to its sole shareholder, Sven Anderson The dividend meets the requirements to be a qualified dividend and Sven is subject to a tax rate of 15% on the d

> Randolph Company reported pretax net income from continuing operations of $800,000 and taxable income of $500,000. The book-tax difference of $300,000 was due to a $200,000 favorable temporary difference relating to depreciation, an unfavorable temporary

> What was Alphabet Inc.’s (Google) accounting effective tax rate for 2017? What items caused the company’s accounting effective tax rate to differ from the “hypothetical” tax rate of 35 percent? What was the company’s cash effective tax rate for 2017? Wha

> Access the 2017 Form 10-Ks for General Motors, Inc. and Berkshire Hathaway. What was the impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act on their income tax provision for 2017? Why was the impact in opposite directions (i.e., in one case the provision increased and

> Burcham Corporation reported pretax book income of $600,000. Tax depreciation exceeded book depreciation by $400,000. In addition, the company received $300,000 of tax-exempt municipal bond interest. The company’s prior-year tax return showed taxable inc

> With recent tax law changes, are taxpayers likely to receive more or less tax savings from home mortgage interest deductions?

> Ann Corporation reported pretax book income of $1,000,000. Included in the computation were favorable temporary differences of $200,000, unfavorable temporary differences of $50,000, and favorable permanent differences of $100,000. Compute the company’s

> Harrison Corporation reported pretax book income of $600,000. Tax depreciation exceeded book depreciation by $400,000. In addition, the company received $300,000 of tax-exempt municipal bond interest. The company’s prior year tax return showed taxable in

> Shaw, Inc. reported pretax book income of $10,000,000. During the current year, the reserve for bad debts increased by $100,000. In addition, tax depreciation exceeded book depreciation by $200,000. Shaw, Inc. sold a fixed asset and reported book gain of

> Shaw Corporation reported pretax book income of $1,000,000. Included in the computation were favorable temporary differences of $200,000, unfavorable temporary differences of $50,000, and favorable permanent differences of $100,000. Compute the company’s

> Chandler Corporation reported pretax book income of $2,000,000. Tax depreciation exceeded book depreciation by $500,000. During the year the Company capitalized $250,000 into ending inventory under §263A. Capitalized inventory costs of $150,000 in beginn

> Assume that in 2018 Hill Corporation reported a net operating loss of $10,000 that it carried forward to year 2019. In 2018, Hill also reported a net capital loss of $3,000 that it carried forward to 2019. In 2019, ignoring any carryovers from other year

> ELS corporation is about to begin its sixth year of existence. Assume that ELS reported gross receipts for each of its first five years of existence for scenarios A, B, and C as follows: Year of Existence  Scenario A  Scenario B  Scenario C  1 $20

> ATW corporation currently uses the FIFO method of accounting for its inventory for book and tax purposes. Its beginning inventory for the current year was $8,000,000. Its ending inventory for the current year was $7,000,000. If ATW had been using the LIF

> Danni is a single 30 percent owner of Kolt (a business entity). In the current year, Kolt reported a $1,000,000 business loss. Answer the following questions associated with each of the following alternative scenarios: a. Kolt is organized as a C corpora

> Mackenzie is considering conducting her business, Mac561, as either a single member LLC or as an S corporation. Determine Mackenzie’s after-tax cash flow from the entity’s business income and any compensation she receives from the business assuming her m

> Is it possible for a taxpayer to have more than one loan that is treated as acquisition indebtedness for tax purposes? Explain.

> After several years of profitable operations, Javell, the sole shareholder of JBD Inc., a C corporation, sold 22 percent of her JBD stock to ZNO Inc., a C corporation in a similar industry. During the current year JBD reports $1,000,000 of after-tax inco

> Marathon Inc. (a C corporation) reported $1,000,000 of taxable income in the current year. During the year it distributed $100,000 as dividends to its shareholders as follows: • $5,000 to Guy, a 5% individual shareholder. • $15,000 to Little Rock Corp.,

> Amanda would like to organize BAL as either an LLC (taxed as a sole proprietorship) or a C corporation. In either form, the entity is expected to generate an 8 percent annual before-tax return on a $500,000 investment. Amanda’s marginal income tax rate i

> Amanda would like to organize BAL as either an LLC (taxed as a sole proprietorship) or a C corporation. In either form, the entity is expected to generate an 8 percent annual before-tax return on a $500,000 investment. Amanda’s marginal income tax rate i

> Jacob is a member of WCC (an LLC taxed as a partnership). Jacob was allocated $100,000 of business income from WCC for the year. Jacob’s marginal income tax rate is 37 percent. The business allocation is subject to 2.9 percent of self-employment tax and

> Andrea would like to organize SHO as either an LLC (taxed as a sole proprietorship) or a C corporation. In either form, the entity is expected to generate an 11 percent annual before-tax return on a $200,000 investment. Andrea’s marginal income tax rate

> Jesse Brimhall is single. In 2018, his itemized deductions were $9,000 before considering any real property taxes he paid during the year. Jesse’s adjusted gross income was $70,000 (also before considering any property tax deductions). In 2018, he paid r

> Peter and Shaline Johnsen moved into a home in a new subdivision. Theirs was one of the first homes in the subdivision. During the year, they paid $1,500 in real property taxes on the home to the state government, $500 to the developer of the subdivision

> On January 1 of 2018, Jason and Jill Marsh acquired a home for $500,000 by paying $400,000 down and borrowing $100,000 with a 7 percent loan secured by the home. On January 1, 2019, the Marshes needed cash so they refinanced the original loan by taking o

> What risks do employees making an 83(b) election on a restricted stock grant assume?

> For tax purposes, does a residence need to be situated at a fixed location? Explain.

> What is the relationship between the balance of payments and a fixed or floating exchange rate regime?

> Identify the correct BOP account for each of the following transactions. a. A German based pension fund buys U.S. government 30-year bonds for its investment portfolio. b. Scandinavian Airlines System (SAS) buys jet fuel at Newark Airport for its flight

> In recent years emerging market MNEs have improved their corporate governance policies and become more shareholder-friendly. What do you think is driving this phenomenon?

> It has been claimed that failures in corporate governance have hampered the growth and profitability of some prominent firms located in emerging markets. What are some typical causes of these failures in corporate governance?

> Why are cross currency rates of special interest when discussing intermarket arbitrage?

> Define base currency, unit currency, price currency, and quote currency.

> Define and give an example of the following: a. Direct quote between the U.S. dollar and the Mexican peso, where the United States is designated as the home country. b. Indirect quote between the Japanese yen and the Chinese renminbi (yuan), where China

> With reference to interbank quotations, what is the difference between American terms and European terms?

> Answer the following: a. What is the geographical location of the foreign exchange market? b. What are the two main types of trading systems for foreign exchange? c. How are foreign exchange markets connected for trading activities?

> Convert the following indirect quotes to direct quotes and direct quotes to indirect quotes: a. Euro: €1.22/$ (indirect quote) b. Russia: Rbl30/$ (indirect quote) c. Denmark: $0.1644/DKr (direct quote)

> How should an MNE factor host country inflation into its evaluation of an investment proposal?

> Define the following terms: a. Foreign exchange market. b. Foreign exchange transaction. c. Foreign exchange.

> Are dividends really all that important to investors in publicly traded companies? Aren't capital gains really the point or objective of the investor?

> How do shareholders in a publicly traded firm actually reap cash flow returns from their ownership? Who has control over which of these returns?

> What should be the primary operational goal of an MNE?

> Do shareholder wealth maximization and stakeholder capitalism have the same time-horizon for the strategic, managerial, and financial objectives of the firm? How do they differ?

> Explain the assumptions and objectives of the stakeholder capitalization model.

> Explain the assumptions and objectives of the shareholder wealth maximization model.

> How does ownership alter the control of a business organization? Is the control of a private firm that different from a publicly traded company?

> What alternative actions can shareholders take if they are dissatisfied with their company?

> In the evaluation of a potential foreign investment, how should a multinational firm evaluate cash flows in the host foreign country that are blocked from being repatriated to the firm's home country?

> What are the main summary statements of the balance of payments accounts and what do they measure?

> What are the primary drivers of corporate governance across the globe? Is the relative weight or importance of some drivers increasing over others?

> What are the four major types of governance regimes and how do they differ?

> Define corporate governance and the various stakeholders involved in corporate governance. What is the difference between internal and external governance?

> What is a hybrid? How may it be managed differently?

> What are the predominant ownership forms in global business?

> What is the difference between a “real” asset and a “financial” asset?

> What are the main component accounts of the current account? Give one debit and one credit example for each component account for the United States.

> If the BOP were viewed as an accounting statement, would it be a balance sheet of the country’s wealth, an income statement of the country’s earnings, or a funds flow statement of money into and out of the country?

> Why does the BOP always “balance”?

> Should the anticipated internal rate of return (IRR) for a proposed foreign project be compared to a) alternative home country proposals, b) returns earned by local companies in the same industry and/or risk class, or c) both? Justify your answer.

> What are the two main types of economic activity measured by a country’s BOP?

> What does it mean to describe the balance of payments as a flow statement?

> Business managers and investors need BOP data to anticipate changes in host country economic policies that might be driven by BOP events. From the perspective of business managers and investors list three specific signals that a country’s BOP data can pr

> What institution provides the primary source of similar statistics for balance of payments and economic performance worldwide?

> Brazil has experienced periodic depreciation of its currency over the past 20 years despite occasionally running a current account surplus. Why has this phenomenon occurred?

> The U.S. dollar has maintained or increased its value over the past 20 years despite running a gradually increasing current account deficit. Why has this phenomenon occurred?

> Why is China's twin surpluses – a surplus in both the current and financial accounts – considered unusual?

> Classify the following as a transaction reported in a sub-component of the current account or the capital and financial accounts of the two countries involved: a. A U.S. food chain imports wine from Chile. b. A U.S. resident purchases a euro-denominated

> What are the primary sub-components of the financial account? Analytically, what would cause net deficits or surpluses in these individual components?

> What is a country’s net international investment position and how does it differ from the balance of payments?

> Capital projects provide both operating cash flows and financial cash flows. Why are operating cash flows preferred for domestic capital budgeting but financial cash flows given major consideration in international projects?

> What is the difference between a direct foreign investment and a portfolio foreign investment? Give an example of each. Which type of investment is a multinational industrial company more likely to make?

> What is the balance of payments?

> Explain what is meant by the term impossible trinity and why it is in fact "impossible."

> What does it mean to say the international monetary system today is a global eclectic?

> How does a crawling peg fundamentally differ from a pegged exchange rate?

> What do the terms de facto and de jure mean in reference to the International Monetary Fund's use of the terms?

> What are the advantages and disadvantages of fixed exchange rates?

> Speaking very specifically – technically, what does a floating rate of exchange mean? What is the role of government?

> What was the foundation of the Bretton Woods international monetary system, and why did it eventually fail?

> What are the main phases that Ganado passed through as it evolved into a truly global firm? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each?

> Which viewpoint gives results closer to the effect on consolidated earnings per share?

> What is the difference between an international firm and a multinational firm?

> What do firms become multinational?

> What is the role of market imperfections in the creation of opportunities for the multinational firm?

> At what point in the globalization process did Ganado become a multinational enterprise (MNE)?

> What did it mean under the gold standard to ‘defend a fixed exchange rate’, and what did this imply about a country's money supply?

> What are some of the risks that come with the growing globalization of business?

> What choices do you believe that China will make in terms of the Impossible Trinity as it continues to develop global trading and use of the Chinese yuan?

> What is the Triffin Dilemma? How does it apply to the development of the Chinese yuan as a true global currency?

> What are the major changes and developments that must occur for the Chinese yuan to be considered ‘globalized'?

> High capital mobility is forcing emerging market nations to choose between free-floating regimes and currency board or dollarization regimes. What are the main outcomes of each of these regimes from the perspective of emerging market nations?

> Which viewpoint, project or parent, gives results closer to the traditional meaning of net present value in capital budgeting?

> What are the attributes of the ideal currency?

> What are Special Drawing Rights?

> How did the Argentine currency board function from 1991 to January 2002 and why did it collapse?

> Fixed exchange rate regimes are sometimes implemented through a currency board (Hong Kong) or dollarization (Ecuador). What is the difference between the two approaches?