Caspases belong to the family of protease enzymes and they play an essential role in the phenomenon of programmed cell death. Their name is derived from cysteine-dependent aspartate-directed proteases. The cysteine in the active site of the enzyme attacks and breaks down the target protein only after the aspartate residue. It has been confirmed that there are 12 caspases in the humans and 10 in the mice.
The caspases also serve the role of protecting the organisms from stress signals as well as from pathogenic attack. The other functions that are performed by the caspases include the cell proliferation, tumor suppression, differentiation of cells, development of neurons and axon guidance and aging. The deficiency of these caspases leads to the formation of tumors.
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A recessive allele in mice results in an unusally long neck.
