Functional genomics is the study of the function of genes that make up the whole genome of an organism. A number of genes are studied at the same time in functional genomics. In this way, the role every gene is playing in an organism is determined. The example of functional genomics for the very first time came in the form of forward genetic screens.
The organisms used as a model were bacteria, bacteriophages, fruit flies and budding yeast. The genomes of these organisms can be modified and mutated by the help of chemical mutagens. This is done in order to identify the genes that are required for the various processes such as the formation of the viral particle, cell growth, reproductive cycle etc.
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A recessive allele in mice results in an unusally long neck.