CPAs may decide to apply nonstatistical or statistical techniques to audit testing. a. List and explain the advantages of applying statistical sampling techniques to audit testing. b. List and discuss the decisions involving professional judgment that must be made by the CPAs in applying statistical sampling techniques to tests of controls. c. You have applied attributes sampling to the client’s pricing of the inventory and discovered from your sampling that the sample deviation rate exceeds your tolerable rate. Discuss the courses of action you take.
> An auditor’s working papers include the following narrative description of the cash receipts and billing portions of Southwest Medical Center’s internal control. Evaluate each condition following the narrative as being either (1) a strength, (2) a defici
> You are involved with the audit of Jelco Company for year 1 and have been asked to consider the confirmation reply results indicated below. For each confirmation reply, select the proper action to be taken from the following possible actions: (1) Excepti
> Explain two procedures by which auditors may verify the client’s cutoff of cash receipts.
> For each of the procedures described in the table below, identify the audit procedure performed and classification of the audit procedure using the following: Audit Procedures: Classification of Audit Procedure: (1) Analytical procedure (9) Substa
> During your audit of Carla Pang Inc., you prepared the following bank transfer schedule. Fill out the table below indicating the most likely situation as it relates to cash at year-end. Indicate the situation using one of the following: 1. Year-end tot
> Auditors perform a number of procedures relating to cash—some unique, some not unique. For each substantive procedure below, identify its primary objective or indicate that the procedure serves no purpose. Substantive Procedures: a. Prepare a bank trans
> Items a through f represent the items that an auditor ordinarily would find on a client-prepared bank reconciliation. The accompanying List of Auditing Procedures represents substantive auditing procedures. For each item, select one or more procedures, a
> Items a through l represent possible errors and fraud that you suspect may be present at Rex Company. The accompanying List of Auditing Procedures represents procedures that the auditor would consider performing to gather evidence concerning possible err
> You are working on your firm’s fifth audit of SSC. The previous audits have all resulted in standard unqualified audit reports. Read the following write-up from your audit files concerning SSC and its industry, and then reply to the questions that follow
> Select the best answer for each of the following situations and give reasons for your choice. a. Which of the following controls would most likely reduce the risk of diversion of customer receipts by a client’s employees? (1) A bank lockbox system. (2) P
> This simulation, also available online, presents the Keystone Computers & Networks, Inc. (Keystone) Cash Work Memo for the general account and petty cash. Background financial and other information on Keystone is included in Appendix 6C of Chapter 6.
> The auditor of Cubs obtained the following client-prepared bank reconciliation: The auditor for Cubs Co. has obtained the client-prepared bank reconciliation. The following information is available: ∙∙ Evan Monroe wa
> Use the replies presented in the preceding problem for this problem. a. Use the ratio method to calculate: (1) Projected misstatement. (2) Estimated total audited value. b. Use the difference estimation method to calculate: (1) Projected misstatement. (2
> Explain the objectives of each of the following audit procedures for cash: a. Obtain a cutoff bank statement subsequent to the balance sheet date. b. Compare paid checks returned with the bank statement to the list of outstanding checks in the previous r
> Smith, Inc. Rachel Robertson wishes to use mean-per-unit sampling to evaluate the reasonableness of the book value of the accounts receivable of Smith, Inc. Smith has 10,000 receivable accounts with a total book value of $1,500,000. Robertson estimates t
> You have been asked to test the effectiveness of Ingo Corporation’s control of manually approving all purchases over $25,000. During the year, Ingo Corporation has made 1,000,000 purchases, of which 3,000 were over $25,000. Jian Zhang,
> For each term in the first column below, identify its definition (or partial definition). Each definition may be used once or not at all. Term Definition (or Partlal Definition) a. Allowance for sampling risk 1. A classical variables sampling plan
> The professional development department of a large CPA firm has prepared the following illustration to familiarize the audit staff with the relationships of sample size to population size and variability and the auditors’ specifications
> The 10 following statements apply to unrestricted random sampling without replacement. Indicate whether each statement is true or false. Briefly discuss each false statement. a. When sampling from the population of accounts receivable for certain objecti
> Select the best answer for each of the following questions. Explain the reasons for your selection. a. Which of the following is an element of sampling risk? (1) Choosing an audit procedure that is inconsistent with the audit objective. (2) Concluding t
> Select the best answer for each of the following and explain fully the reason for your selection. a. Which of the following is least likely to be considered an inherent risk relating to receivables and revenues? (1) Restrictions placed on sales by laws a
> Hale Nelson, CPA, is engaged to audit the financial statements of Hollis Manufacturing, Inc. Hollis engages in very complex sales agreements that create issues with respect to revenue recognition. As a result, Nelson has identified revenue recognition as
> An assistant auditor was instructed to “test the aging of accounts receivable as shown on the schedule prepared by the client.” In making this test, the assistant traced all past-due accounts shown on the trial balance to the details in the accounts rece
> Walter Conn, CPA, is engaged to audit the financial statements of Bingo Wholesaling for the year ended December 31, 20X0. Conn obtained and documented an understanding of the client and its environment, including internal control over the business proces
> What action should be taken by the auditors when the count of cash on hand discloses a shortage?
> During the audit of Solar Technologies, Inc., the auditors sent confirmation requests to customers whose accounts had been written off as uncollectible during the year under audit. An executive of Solar protested, saying, “You people should be verifying
> Lakeside Company has retained you to conduct an audit so that it will be able to support its application for a bank loan with audited financial statements. The president of Lakeside states that you will have unlimited access to all records of the company
> During preliminary conversations with a new staff assistant, you instruct her to send out confirmation requests for both accounts receivable and notes receivable. She asks whether the confirmation requests should go to the makers of the notes or to the h
> In their work on accounts receivable and elsewhere in an audit, the independent auditors often make use of confirmation requests. a. What is an audit confirmation request? b. What characteristics should an audit confirmation response possess if a CPA fir
> Hayden Corp. uses an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system. In their audit of receivables and revenues, the auditors have identified the following data elements in the corporation’s database that may be used for data analytics applications: Customer
> Listed below are audit situations that may affect the audit of receivables and revenue. a. The audit of a machinery manufacturing company that engages in bill and hold transactions. b. The audit of a software company that engages in agreements with multi
> Based on an assessment of audit risk, the auditors are concerned with the following two risks: 1. The risk that that the client might be making duplicate payments to vendors. 2. The risk that the client’s accounting clerk might be making unauthorized pay
> During your audit of Miles Company, you prepared the following bank transfer schedule: Required: a. Describe the purpose of a bank transfer schedule. b. Identify those transfers that should be investigated and explain the reason. MILES COMPANY Ban
> During the current year, the management of Hanover, Inc., entered into a futures contract to hedge the price of silver that will be needed for next year’s production. The contract, which is held by Hanover’s commodity broker, is marketable and exchanged
> Explain how each of the following items would appear in a four-column proof of cash for the month of November. Assume the format of the proof of cash begins with bank balances and ends with the unadjusted balances per the accounting records. a. Outstandi
> How can the auditors corroborate compensating balance arrangements?
> In the audit of Wheat, Inc., for the year ended December 31, you discover that the client had been drawing checks as creditors’ invoices became due but had not been mailing the checks immediately. Because of a working capital shortage, some checks have b
> In the audit of a client with a fiscal year ending December 31, the CPAs obtain a January 10 bank statement directly from the bank. Explain how this cutoff bank statement will be used a. In the review of the December 31 bank reconciliation. b. To obtain
> “When auditors are verifying a client’s bank reconciliation, they are particularly concerned with the possibility that the list of outstanding checks may include a nonexistent or fictitious check, and they also are concerned with the possibility of omiss
> An assistant auditor received the following instructions from her supervisor: “Here is a cutoff bank statement covering the first seven business days of January. Compare the paid checks returned with the statement and dated December 31 or earlier with th
> You are the auditor in charge of the audit of Steffens Corporation. In the audit of investments, you have just been given the following list of securities held by Steffens Corporation at December 31, 20X3. Required: a. Identify the potential audit pro
> During an audit of Rottel Company, an auditor needs to estimate the total value of the 5,000 invoices processed during June. She estimates the standard deviation of the population to be $30. Determine the size of the sample the auditor would select when
> Bill Jones wishes to use nonstatistical sampling to select a sample of his client’s 3,000 accounts receivable, which total $330,000. He believes that $30,000 represents a reasonable tolerable misstatement. He also has assessed both the combination of inh
> Ratio estimation and difference estimation are two widely used variables sampling plans. Required: a. Under what conditions are ratio estimation or difference estimation appropriate sampling plans for estimating the total dollar value of a population? b
> Cathy Williams is auditing the financial statements of Westerman Industries. In the performance of mean-per-unit estimation of credit sales, Williams took a sample of 200 of the 10,000 items in the population (book value $3,000,000). The sample’s average
> An auditor used a nonstatistical sampling plan to audit the inventory of an auto supply company. The auditor tested the recorded cost of a sample of inventory items by reference to vendors’ invoices. In performing the test, the auditor verified all the i
> What information do CPAs request from a financial institution on the standard confirmation form?
> An auditor has reason to suspect that fraud has occurred through forgery of the treasurer’s signature on company checks. The population under consideration consists of 3,000 checks. Can discovery sampling rule out the possibility that any forged checks e
> In performing a test of controls for sales order approvals, the CPAs stipulate a tolerable deviation rate of 8 percent with a risk of assessing control risk too low of 5 percent. They anticipate a deviation rate of 2 percent. Required: a. What type of s
> During the first few months of the year, John Smith, the cashier in a small company, was engaged in lapping operations. However, he was able to restore the amount of cash “borrowed” by March 31, and he refrained from any fraudulent acts after that date.
> Henry Mills is responsible for preparing checks, recording cash disbursements, and preparing bank reconciliations for Signet Corporation. While reconciling the October bank statement, Mills noticed that several checks totaling $937 had been outstanding f
> Fluid Controls, Inc., a manufacturing company, has retained you to perform an audit for the year ended December 31. Prior to the year-end, you begin to obtain an understanding of the new client’s controls over business processes related to the cash accou
> You have been assigned to the audit of Processing Solutions, Inc., a privately held corporation that develops and sells computer systems. The systems are sold under one- to five-year contracts that provide for a fixed price for licensing, delivery, and s
> Describe how the organizational status of the internal audit department affects its independence.
> Evaluate this statement: “Internal auditors cannot be independent of the activities that they audit.”
> Identify the 11 categories of the IIA’s International Standards for the Professional Practice of Internal Auditing.
> During your reconciliation of bank accounts in an audit, you find that a number of checks for small amounts have been outstanding for more than a year. Does this situation call for any action by the auditor? Explain.
> Compare the objectives of internal auditors with those of external auditors.
> “The principal distinction between public accounting and internal auditing is that the latter activity is carried on by an organization’s own salaried employees rather than by independent professional auditors.” Criticize this quotation.
> Identify the knowledge and skills that are necessary to the performance of modern internal auditing.
> Identify the 12 requirements that may be applicable to federal financial assistance programs.
> Distinguish between a subrecipient and a primary recipient. Provide an example of each.
> Describe what is meant by a questioned cost.
> Explain how major federal assistance programs are identified.
> Nearly every large corporation now maintains an internal auditing department, but 50 years ago relatively few companies carried on a formal program of internal auditing. What have been the principal factors responsible for this rapid expansion?
> When is an organization required to have an audit in accordance with the Single Audit Act?
> What is the purpose of the Single Audit Act?
> Prepare an example of lapping of cash receipts, showing actual transactions and the cash receipts journal entries.
> Explain why compliance with laws and regulations is so important in the audit of governmental organizations.
> Contrast the requirements of an audit in accordance with Generally Accepted Government Auditing Standards with the requirements of an audit in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards.
> The auditors’ responsibility for reporting violations of laws and regulations under Generally Accepted Government Auditing Standards differs from their responsibility under generally accepted auditing standards. Compare these responsibilities.
> Describe the additional audit report required by Government Auditing Standards.
> “In an audit in accordance with Generally Accepted Government Auditing Standards, the auditors must perform tests of compliance with all laws and regulations.” Criticize this quotation.
> Describe the ethical principles set forth in Generally Accepted Government Auditing Standards.
> Describe the additional documentation requirements of Generally Accepted Government Auditing Standards.
> Identify the three types of audits that a governmental organization might obtain.
> Describe the scope of activities of an internal auditing function.
> Explain the auditors’ responsibility for testing compliance with laws and regulations in an audit in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards.
> During your audit of a small manufacturing firm, you find numerous checks for large amounts drawn payable to the treasurer and charged to the Miscellaneous Expense account. Does this require any action by the auditor? Explain.
> Explain what is meant by the following statement: “When sampling, the auditors should determine that the physical representation of the actual population is complete.”
> Explain why tests of compliance with laws and regulations are considered to be substantive tests.
> Describe the role of a broker-dealer.
> Evaluate this statement: “An agreed-upon procedures engagement on compliance with a law is designed to provide users with negative assurance on whether an entity has complied with that law.”
> Describe the two types of agreed-upon procedures engagements that CPAs may perform relating to compliance with laws and regulations.
> Should the internal auditors generally disclose their findings to operating personnel of the department involved before transmitting the report to top management? Explain.
> Describe the purpose of an operational audit.
> Differentiate between financial statement audits and operational audits.
> Describe the requirements for becoming a Certified Internal Auditor.
> Briefly describe the factors that are important to the management of an internal auditing department.
> Define internal auditing.
> Describe circumstances that might cause the auditors to identify understatement of assets as a significant audit risk.
> Explain what is meant by attestation risk. What are its components?
> What are “suitable criteria” and how do they relate to an attestation engagement?
> Distinguish between an attestation engagement in which the practitioners report directly on the subject matter and one in which the practitioners report on an assertion about the subject matter.
> Distinguish between forms of attestation engagements that result in reports that are designed for “general use” and those that result in reports that are designed for “restricted use.”
> List and describe the three types of attestation engagements.
> Is a written report from the accountant involved for all attestation and other assurance services? Explain.
> Describe the forces that have fueled the demand for assurance services.
> Identify two types of assurance services that are currently under development by the AICPA.
> What types of PrimePlus/ElderCare services do CPAs typically perform?
