Define the terms area of convergence and area of origin and explain what each reveals to an investigator.
> 11) Evidence having class characteristics can: A) Exonerate an innocent suspect. B) Link a person to a crime with a high degree of certainty. C) Always be fitted together in the manner of a jigsaw puzzle. D) Have no evidential value. 12) If the laborato
> 1) Evidence with individual characteristics can lead to a determination of common origin (single source). Which type of evidence CANNOT yield such results? A) Random striations on tools B) Fingerprints C) Wear patterns on tires D) Single-layer paints
> 31) The removal of any evidence from a person or from the scene of a crime must be done in conformity with the privileges of which amendment to the Constitution? A) Sixth B) Fourth C) Fifth D) First 32) The police are NOT required to obtain a search
> 21) From the choices below, select the one correct physical evidence collection procedure. A) Bloodstained garments should be packaged separately in paper bags. B) Items recovered from the scene of a murder should be sent along with the body to the med
> 11) CAD programs enhance the ability to: A) Take complete notes. B) Develop photographs. C) Edit video footage. D) Produce a finished crime-scene sketch. 12) Which statement about note-taking is NOT true? A) The individual who packaged and marked item
> 1) After providing or obtaining medical assistance for the injured and effecting an arrest of suspects (if possible), the first officer arriving at a crime scene should immediately: A) Search for evidence. B) Secure the scene. C) Make a rough sketch of
> 51) The search pattern that employs two people performing line searches that originate from adjacent corners is: A) Line. B) Grid. C) Spiral. D) Wheel. 52) Which search pattern employs several people moving from the boundary straight toward the center o
> 41) The manner of collecting and preserving physical evidence at a crime scene is determined by: A) The circumstances of the crime. B) The importance of the case. C) The number of evidence collectors present at the crime scene. D) The nature of the evide
> 31) A crime scene which involved the collapse of a structure would be analyzed by specialists in the area of: A) Forensic computer and digital analysis. B) Forensic error analysis. C) Criminalistics. D) Forensic engineering. 32) What factor(s) do(es) th
> 21) Bite marks would be LEAST likely to be found in cases involving: A) Murder. B) Child abuse. C) Arson. D) Sexual abuse. 22) Forensic odontology refers to the study of: A) Drugs. B) Pollen. C) Teeth. D) Bones. 23) Which of the following services are
> Describe the various victim characteristics that can be determined by a forensic anthropologist.
> 11) The oldest forensic laboratory in the United States is that of the: A) N.Y.C. Police Department. B) FBI. C) Los Angeles Police Department. D) Secret Service. 12) Which of the following can be rightfully cited as an explanation for the rapid growth o
> 1) Forensic science is the application of science to: A) Crime scene reconstruction. B) Civil laws. C) Criminal laws. D) Both criminal and civil laws. 2) The fictional character of Sherlock Holmes was created by: A) Dalton. B) Doyle. C) Darwin. D) Dento
> Explain the reasons why it is important to consider the relevance of scientific evidence before allowing it to be introduced into a criminal case.
> For each of the early forensic science methods listed below, denote the more recent technology or discipline which has taken its place for use in forensic science inquiry. a. Identification via anthropometry b. Firearms bullet and cartridge analysis via
> Describe the evidence to be collected and the specialists or crime laboratory units that would be needed to properly analyze the following crime scene and answer the given questions. On Monday, September 26, 2011, a small airplane believed to be transpor
> Discuss why iris biometrics are preferred over retina biometrics.
> Explain the collection steps in gathering biometric data.
> Explain the importance of the forensic pathologist or medical examiner making proper classifications of a victim’s wounds during the autopsy.
> What conclusions about the position of a victim and an attacker can be drawn from the presence of defensive wounds on the forearms and hands of the victim? How about defensive wounds on the legs and feet?
> Discuss how fingerprints on the following surfaces should best be visualized, documented, and preserved. a. Latent fingerprint on a silver-colored butter knife b. Visible fingerprint (black) on the white wall of a house c. Latent fingerprint on a large m
> What is the difference between a visible, plastic, and latent fingerprint? What are three techniques that could be used to develop latent fingerprints?
> Using the description given below of the types of fingerprint patterns on each finger of a suspect, give the primary classification of the individual. Finger Right Hand Left Hand Thumb Whorl Whorl Index Loop Loop Middle Loop Loop Ring
> An investigator is faced with clustered and irregularly colored bloodstain patterns at a crime scene that he believes could have originated from an arterial or oral injury. What characteristics of projected and expirated blood patterns can assist the inv
> What conclusion can be deduced if fine droplets of the victim’s blood are found inside the muzzle of a firearm at an outdoor crime scene, where the victim suffered several gunshot wounds?
> List five examples of each of the following types of physical evidence: biological materials, impressions, and manufactured items.
> Explain how compatibility of forensic databases and a common depository for entries assists forensic investigations.
> Use the product rule to determine the frequency of occurrence of an individual in the population exhibiting a blood sample with the following factors included: Blood Factor ………….. Frequency in the General Population AB …………………………………………………………………………16% Rh
> Indicate whether the types of evidence listed below likely display individual or class characteristics. a. A well-developed and collected latent fingerprint b. Random striations on a discharged bullet c. Single-layer paint chip d. A footwear impression w
> What are three reasons why it is not possible to define a simple analytical scheme that can be applied to all types of evidence?
> If no crime scene analysis is carried out with the death investigation, what types of evidence may never be located and recovered?
> Discuss what information, specifically about timing, is provided by the state of the following searched crime scenes. a. A young woman is found dead near the front door of her home. She had not reported to work at 8 am. The morning newspaper is on the k
> What is primary classification of fingerprints and why is it important? Observe your fingerprints, and write out what pattern is shown on each finger. Calculate the primary classification your fingerprints fall into.
> State which crime scene search pattern(s) would be best utilized for the following crime scene areas. a. One investigator must search a small classroom at a community college. b. Five investigators must search a large cornfield. c. Two investigators must
> List the advantages of incorporating an evidence collection unit into the organizational structure of the crime laboratory.
> List the underlying reasons for the rapid growth of crime laboratories in the United States since the late 1960s.
> Briefly explain how biometric facial recognition works.
> What is the difference between the enrollment process and the extraction process as it relates to biometric data?
> Briefly explain how an iris biometric system works.
> Why is it pointless to try to obscure or obliterate one’s fingerprints by scarring or otherwise damaging the skin?
> What is digital imaging? How is it useful for analyzing fingerprints?
> Give three reasons why alternate light sources have replaced lasers for visualizing latent prints.
> Describe the basic process used to “lift” a fingerprint. When should this procedure be used?
> Explain why the FBI’s Repository of Individuals of Special Concerns (RISC) is particularly beneficial for law enforcement.
> Name two main drawbacks to using AFIS.
> If the distribution and pattern of bloodstains at a crime scene are not properly documented and analyzed, what potential information could be missed?
> Name two major limitations of crime-scene reconstruction.
> Name and describe two methods for documenting bloodstain patterns.
> What determines the size of blood drops in a cast-off pattern? Explain.
> Provide five examples of physical evidence that may be recovered at a crime scene.
> Explain the difference between identification and comparison
> List some of the advantages of class physical evidence.
> Name three forensic databases and describe the type of information stored in each.
> What is the difference between physiological biometrics and behavioral biometrics? What are some examples of each type of forensic biometrics?
> What issues could arise if an investigator did not fulfill his or her obligation to handle, collect, and package crime scene evidence in a way that prevents changing or contaminating these items?
> List two possible consequences of failure to protect a crime scene properly.
> Why is it important to include a brief description of the case history on an evidence submission form?
> In cooperation with the medical examiner or coroner, what type of evidence is to be retrieved from a deceased victim for examination in the crime laboratory?
> List and describe the roles of the evidence collector at a crime scene.
> In your own words, summarize the outcome of the cases of Mincey v. Arizona and Michigan v. Tyler.
> What types of protective clothing and equipment should an investigator wear when handling potentially infectious material?
> What is the main difference between the testimony given by an expert witness and that given by a lay witness?
> Discuss the major outcomes of the trials Frye v. United States and Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals.
> List the three basic functions of a forensic scientist.
> What is the difference between the cause of death and the manner of death? Give three examples of potential causes of death, and three examples of potential manners of death.
> Match the word in Column 1 to its definition in Column 2. Each answer can only be used once. A) Database containing shoe prints B) Properties of evidence that can be attributed to a common source with an extremely high degree of certainty C) The process
> Match the word in Column 1 to its definition in Column 2. Each answer can only be used once. A) A swab of the inner portion of the cheek B) A draft representation of all essential information and measurements at a crime scene C) Search method in which t
> Match the word in Column 1 to its definition in Column 2. Each answer can only be used once. A) When two objects come into contact with each other, a cross-transfer of materials occurs B) Application of science to the law C) A process that uses strict gu
> Match the word in Column 1 to its definition in Column 2. Each answer can only be used once. A) An internal unit of the FBI that provides face recognition capabilities among other features to support active FBI investigations B) A form of biometrics that
> Match the word in Column 1 to its definition in Column 2. Each answer can only be used once. A) The redistribution of drugs in the blood after death B) A postmortem process in which the body attempts to equalize with the environmental temperature C) Self
> Match the word in Column 1 to its definition in Column 2. Each answer can only be used once. A) A class of fingerprints characterized by ridge lines that enter the print from one side and flow out the other side B) An inkless device that captures digital
> Match the word in Column 1 to its definition in Column 2. Each answer can only be used once. A) The process by which the edges of a stain will dry to the surface in a specific period of time (dependent upon environmental and surface conditions) and will
> 1) If the laboratory can piece broken glass from a window or headlight together, then the evidence has ________ characteristics. 2) A single-layer paint chip can normally be expected to have ________ characteristics. 3) The computerized database used t
> 11) Crime scene ________ must include a detailed written description of the scene with the location of items of physical evidence recovered. 12) Medical workers should approach the body by a(n) ________ route to minimize the possibility of disturbing ev
> 1) ________ evidence is any object that can establish that a crime has been committed or can link a crime and its victim or a crime and its perpetrator. 2) The three methods of crime scene recording are photography, sketches, and ________. 3) The most
> If no scene analysis is carried out with the death investigation, what types of evidence may never be located and recovered?
> Compare and contrast anthropometry and fingerprinting as means of identification. Why do we use fingerprints today instead of anthropometry?
> Factors Affecting Cash Outflows. List your monthly cash outflows. Will everyone have similar cash outflows?
> How can an understanding of personal finance enhance your job marketability?
> Change in Savings. Angela analyzes her personal budget and decides that she can reduce her recreational spending by $80 per month. How much will that increase her annual savings? What will her annual savings be now? Are there any other spending categorie
> Estimating Net Worth. At the beginning of the year, Lakynn has a net worth of $4,500. During the year, she set aside $80 per month from her paycheck for savings. In December, she made a $600 payment for a plane ticket. What was her net worth at the end o
> Future Value. Luis wants to know how much he will have available to spend on his trip to Belize in three years if he deposits $3,000 today at an annual interest rate of 2%.
> Future Value. Sandra wants to deposit $100 each year for her son. If she places it in an investment account that averages a 5% annual return, what amount will be in the account in twenty years? How much will she have if the account earns 8% a year?
> Estimating Savings. Julia brings home $1,800 per month after taxes. Julia’s rent is $650 per month, her utilities are $100 per month, and her car payment is $210 per month. Julia is currently paying $150 per month to her orthodontist for her braces. If J
> Estimating Debt after Graduation. Mason selected a private university to attend. His tuition, room and board, and other costs were $47,000 per year for four years. His brother Kage attended a public institution and elected to live at home with their pare
> Retirement Savings. Miguel, a recent 22-year-old college graduate, wants to retire a millionaire. How much will he need to set aside annually to achieve his goal, assuming he plans to retire at age 67 and he can earn a 9% annual return on his investment?
> Investment Value. Judy believes that another benefit of investing the extra $3,648 in her employer sponsored retirement plan is the tax savings. Judy is in a 24% marginal tax bracket (when considering her federal and state taxes). How much will investing
> Estimating the Annuity Amount. Amy and Vince want to save $7,000 so that they can take a trip to Europe in four years. How much must they save each month to have the money they need if they can get 3% per year, compounded monthly, on their savings?
> Employer Match. Refer to problem 3. How much money will Judy have at retirement if her employer matches her contributions? Data from Problem 3: Investment Value. Judy pays off her car loan and now must decide how she wants to invest the extra $3,648 per
> Retirement Account Withdrawal. In need of extra cash, Troy and Lilly decide to withdraw $8,000 from their traditional IRAs. They are both 40 years old. They are in a 24% marginal tax bracket. What will be the tax consequences of this withdrawal?
> Retirement Planning. Tilly would like to invest $2,500 in before-tax income each year in a retirement account or in stock investments outside the retirement account. Tilly likes the stock investments outside the retirement account because they provide he
> Profit Sharing. Cedrick works for an employer that has a profit sharing retirement system. Assuming Cedrick made $133,000 in 2018, what is the maximum amount his employer can contribute to his retirement account?
> Tax Savings. Lloyd and his wife, Jean, have no retirement plan at work, but they contribute $4,000 each year to traditional IRAs. They are in a 24% marginal tax bracket. What tax savings will they realize for these contributions annually?
> IRAs. Ricky and Sharon married at age 22, started a family, and bought a house. At age 30, they began making a contribution of $5,000 to a traditional IRA. They continued making these contributions annually until age 60. If the average return on their in
> Puts. Raina bought a put option on 100 shares of a stock for $230. The put gives her the option to sell XYZ stock for $45 a share if she exercises the option in the next ninety days. What is Raina’s return if she exercised her put when the stock price fe
> Tax Consequences. Ronnie owns 600 shares of a stock mutual fund. This year he received dividend distributions of sixty stock mutual fund shares ($40 per share) and long-term capital gain distributions of forty-five stock mutual fund shares (also $40 per
> Tax Consequences. Rena purchased 200 shares of a no-load stock mutual fund. During the year she received $3 per share in dividend distributions, $200 in long-term capital gain distributions, and capital gains of $1,100 when she sold the stock after ownin
> Bond Valuation. What if Mark’s Treasury bond in the previous problem had a coupon rate of 9% and new bonds still had interest rates of 4%? For what price should Mark sell the bond in this situation?
> Future Value of Annuity. Stacey would like to have $1 million available to her at retirement. Her investments have an average annual return of 11%. If she makes contributions of $300 per month, will she reach her goal when she retires in thirty years?
> Bond Valuation. Mark has a Treasury bond with a par value of $30,000 and a coupon rate of 6%. The bond has fifteen years to maturity. Mark needs to sell the bond and new bonds are currently carrying coupon rates of 4%. At what price should Mark sell the
