Describe the basic format used in preparing a statement of cash flows, including the heading, the three major categories, and what is included in the last three lines of the statement.
> For each company, calculate the missing amount.
> At the beginning of the year, Bryers Incorporated reports inventory of $8,000. During the year, the company purchases additional inventory for $23,000. At the end of the year, the cost of inventory remaining is $10,000. Calculate cost of goods sold for t
> Refer to the information in BE6–21. What impact will this error have on ending inventory and retained earnings in the current year and following year? Ignore any tax effects.
> Ebbers Corporation overstated its ending inventory balance by $15,000 in the current year. What impact will this error have on cost of goods sold and gross profit in the current year and following year?
> Financial information for American Eagle is presented in Appendix A at the end of the book. Required: 1. Calculate American Eagle’s percentage change in total assets and percentage change in net sales for the most recent year. 2. Calculate American Eagle
> Refer to the information in BE6–13, but now assume that Shankar uses a periodic system to record inventory transactions. Record the inventory purchase on February 2 and the payment on February 10.
> Tony and Suzie graduate from college in May 2021 and begin developing their new business. They begin by offering clinics for basic outdoor activities such as mountain biking or kayaking. Upon developing a customer base, they’ll hold their first adventure
> Maria comes to you for investment advice. She asks, “Which company’s stock should I buy? There are so many companies to choose from and I don’t know anything about any of them.” Required: Respond to Maria by explaining the two functions of financial acco
> The purpose of this research case is to introduce you to the Internet home pages of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). Required: 1. Access the SEC home page on the Internet (www.sec.gov). Und
> Suppose an auditor has been paid $1,000,000 each year for the past several years by a company to perform the audit of its annual financial statements. This company is the auditor’s largest client. In the current year, the auditor notices that the prelimi
> Financial information for American Eagle is presented in Appendix A at the end of the book, and financial information for Buckle is presented in Appendix B at the end of the book. Required: 1. Which company reports higher total assets? 2. Which company r
> Financial information for Buckle is presented in Appendix B at the end of the book. Required: 1. Determine the amounts Buckle reports for total assets, total liabilities, and total stockholders’ equity in the balance sheet for the most recent year. Verif
> Financial information for American Eagle is presented in Appendix A at the end of the book. Required: 1. Determine the amounts American Eagle reports for total assets, total liabilities, and total stockholders’ equity in the balance sheet for the most re
> Tony Matheson plans to graduate from college in May 2021 after spending four years earning a degree in sports and recreation management. Since beginning T-ball at age five, he’s been actively involved in sports and enjoys the outdoors. Each summer growin
> Investments in equity securities for which the investor has insignificant influence over the investee are classified for reporting purposes under the fair value method. What is fair value?
> How does a company determine whether to account for an equity investment using the fair value method or equity method or to prepare consolidated financial statements?
> Match each of the following inventory classifications with its definition.
> Obtain a copy of the annual report of McDonald’s Corporation for the most recent year. You can find the annual report at the company’s website (www.mcdonalds.com) in the investor information section or at the Securities and Exchange Commission’s website
> What is the relationship between the present value of a single amount and the present value of an annuity?
> What is an annuity?
> Define the present value of a single amount. What is the discount rate?
> Identify the three items of information necessary to calculate the future value of a single amount.
> Define interest. Explain the difference between simple interest and compound interest.
> Determine whether each of the following changes in risk ratios is good news or bad news about a company. a. Increase in receivables turnover. b. Decrease in inventory turnover. c. Increase in the current ratio. d. Increase in the debt to equity ratio.
> Which risk ratios best answer each of the following financial questions? a. How quickly is a company able to collect its receivables? b. How quickly is a company able to sell its inventory? c. Is the company able to make interest payments as they become
> What is the difference between liquidity and solvency?
> Explain why ratios that compare an income statement account with a balance sheet account should express the balance sheet account as an average of the beginning and ending balances.
> In performing horizontal analysis, why is it important to look at both the amount and the percentage change?
> Refer to the information in BE6–12, but now assume that Shankar uses a periodic system to record inventory transactions. Record the inventory purchase on February 2 and the inventory return on February 5.
> Two profitable companies in the same industry have similar total stockholders’ equity. However, one company has most of its equity balance in common stock, while the other company has most of its equity balance in retained earnings. Neither company has e
> In performing vertical analysis, we express each item in a financial statement as a percentage of a base amount. What base amount is commonly used for income statement accounts? For balance sheet accounts?
> Provide an example of an adjustment that improves the income statement and the balance sheet, but has no effect on cash flows.
> Explain the difference between vertical and horizontal analysis.
> Goal Line Products makes several year-end adjustments, including an increase in the allowance for uncollectible accounts, a write-down of inventory, a decrease in the estimated useful life for depreciation, and an increase in the liability reported for l
> Provide an example of an aggressive accounting practice. Why is this practice aggressive?
> Provide an example of a conservative accounting practice. Why is this practice conservative?
> Explain the difference between conservative and aggressive accounting practices.
> Shifting Formations, Inc., reports earnings per share of $1.30. In the following year, it reports bottom-line earnings per share of $1.25 but earnings per share on income before discontinued operations of $1.50. Is this trend in earnings per share favora
> Define earnings persistence. How does earnings persistence relate to the reporting of discontinued operations?
> Refer to the information in BE6–11, but now assume that Shankar uses a periodic system to record inventory transactions. Record the purchase of inventory on February 2, including the freight charges.
> Hash Mark, Inc., reports a return on assets of 8% and a return on equity of 12%. Why do the two rates differ?
> Determine whether each of the following changes in profitability ratios normally is good news or bad news about a company. a. Increase in profit margin. b. Decrease in asset turnover. c. Decrease in return on equity. d. Increase in the price-earnings rat
> Which profitability ratios best answer each of the following financial questions? a. What is the income earned for each dollar invested in assets? b. What is the income earned for each dollar of sales? c. What is the amount of sales for each dollar inves
> Pro Leather, a supplier to sporting goods manufacturers, has a current ratio of 0.90, based on current assets of $450,000 and current liabilities of $500,000. How, if at all, will a $100,000 purchase of inventory on account affect the current ratio?
> Identify the three types of comparisons commonly used in financial statement analysis.
> The executives at Peach, Inc., are confused. The company reports a net loss of $200,000, and yet its net cash flow from operating activities increased $300,000 during the same period. Is this possible? Explain.
> Describe the most common adjustments we use to convert net income to net cash flows from operations under the indirect method.
> Distinguish between the indirect method and the direct method for reporting net cash flows from operating activities. Which method is more common in practice? Which method provides a more logical presentation of cash flows?
> Briefly describe the four steps outlined in the text for preparing a statement of cash flows.
> Refer to the information in BE6–10, but now assume that Shankar uses a periodic system to record inventory transactions. Record transactions for the purchase and sale of inventory.
> Why is it necessary to use an income statement, balance sheet, and additional information to prepare a statement of cash flows?
> Explain what we mean by noncash activities and provide an example.
> Why do we exclude depreciation expense and the gain or loss on sale of an asset from the operating activities section of the statement of cash flows under the direct method?
> Changes in current assets and current liabilities are used in determining net cash flows from operating activities. Changes in which balance sheet accounts are used in determining net cash flows from investing activities?Changes in which balance sheet ac
> What are the primary cash inflows and cash outflows under the direct method for determining net cash flows from operating activities?
> Describe the two primary strategies firms use to increase cash return on assets.
> Explain the difference between the calculation of return on assets and cash return on assets. How can cash-based ratios supplement the analysis of ratios based on income statement and balance sheet information?
> Bell Corporation purchases land by issuing its own common stock to the seller. No cash is exchanged. How do we report this transaction in the statement of cash flows, if at all?
> Provide three examples of financing activities reported in the statement of cash flows.
> A $10,000 investment on the books of a company is sold for $9,000. Under the indirect method, how does this transaction affect operating, investing, and financing activities?
> Using the amounts below, calculate the inventory turnover ratio, average days in inventory, and gross profit ratio.
> How does an increase in accounts receivable affect net income in relation to operating cash flows? Why? How does a decrease in accounts receivable affect net income in relation to operating cash flows? Why?
> Indicate whether each of the following items would be added or subtracted from net income in preparing the statement of cash flows using the indirect method: (a) an increase in current assets, (b) a decrease in current assets, (c) an increase in curre
> Describe how we report a gain or loss on the sale of an asset in the statement of cash flows using the indirect method. Why do we report it this way?
> Explain how we report depreciation expense in the statement of cash flows using the indirect method. Why do we report it this way?
> Identify and briefly describe the three categories of cash flows reported in the statement of cash flows.
> What is par value? How is it related to market value? How is it used in recording the issuance of stock?
> The articles of incorporation allow for the issuance of 1 million shares of common stock. During its first year, California Clothing issued 100,000 shares and reacquired 10,000 shares it held as treasury stock. At the end of the first year, how many shar
> Explain the difference between authorized, issued, and outstanding shares.
> Explain how an LLC or an S corporation represents the “best of both worlds” in terms of business ownership.
> Describe the primary advantages and disadvantages of a corporation.
> Creative Technology reports inventory using the lower of cost and net realizable value (NRV). Below is information related to its year-end inventory. Calculate the total amount to be reported for ending inventory.
> Which form of business organization is most common? Which form of business organization is larger in terms of total sales, total assets, earnings, and number of employees?
> What are the basic ownership rights of common stockholders?
> What does “PE” stand for in the PE ratio, and how do investors use this ratio?
> Explain why earnings per share is useful for comparing earnings performance for the same company over time, but is not useful for comparing earnings performance between two competing companies.
> Why doesn’t total stockholders’ equity equal the market value of the firm?
> How is the stockholders’ equity section of the balance sheet different from the statement of stockholders’ equity?
> What is the difference between a public and a private corporation? Provide an example of each.
> Indicate the correct order in which to report the following accounts in the stockholders’ equity section of the balance sheet: Additional Paid-in Capital, Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Treasury Stock, and Retained Earnings.
> What happens to the par value, the share’s trading price, and the number of shares outstanding in a 2-for-1 stock split?
> Contrast the effects of a cash dividend and a stock dividend on total assets, total liabilities, and total stockholders’ equity.
> Powder Ski Shop reports inventory using the lower of cost and net realizable value (NRV). Information related to its year-end inventory appears below. Calculate the total amount to be reported for ending inventory.
> How does a 100% stock dividend or a 2-for-1 stock split affect total assets, total liabilities, and total stockholders’ equity?
> Describe the declaration date, record date, and payment date for a cash dividend.
> Explain why some companies choose not to pay cash dividends. Why do investors purchase stock in companies that do not pay cash dividends?
> How is the accounting for a purchase of a company’s own stock (treasury stock) different from the purchase of stock in another corporation?
> What would motivate a company to buy back its own stock?
> Explain why preferred stock often is said to be a mixture of attributes somewhere between common stock and bonds.
> What are the three potential features of preferred stock? Indicate whether each feature makes the preferred stock appear more like stockholders’ equity or more like long-term liabilities.
> Corporations typically do not first raise capital by issuing stock to the general public. What are the common stages of equity financing leading to an initial public offering (IPO)?
> Explain the difference in each of these terms used for bonds: a. Face amount and carrying value. b. Stated interest rate and market interest rate.
> What are convertible bonds? How do they benefit both the investor and the issuer?
> Shankar Company uses a perpetual system to record inventory transactions. The company purchases inventory on account on February 2 for $40,000, with terms 3/10, n/30. On February 10, the company pays on account for the inventory. Record the inventory pur
> Contrast the following types of bonds: a. Secured and unsecured. b. Term and serial. c. Callable and convertible.
> Why do some companies issue bonds rather than borrow money directly from a bank?
> What are bond issue costs? What is an underwriter?
> What is a lease and how does a lease affect a company’s balance sheet?
> How do interest expense and the carrying value of the note change over time for an installment note with fixed monthly loan payments?
> What are the potential risks and rewards of carrying additional debt?
