Distinguish between an intensive property and an extensive property.
> The density of mercury is 13.6 g/mL. If a sample of mercury weighs 272 g, what is the volume of the sample in mL?
> The specific gravity of a patient’s urine sample was measured to be 1.008. Given that the density of water is 1.000 g/mL at 40C, what is the density of the urine sample?
> The density of methanol at 200C is 0.791 g/mL. What is the mass of a 50.0 mL sample of methanol?
> Refer to Question 1.129. Suppose that each of the bars had the same mass. How could you determine which bar had the lowest density and which had the highest density? Question 1.129: You are given three bars of metal. Each is labeled with its identity (
> You are given a piece of wood that is either maple, teak, or oak. The piece of wood has a volume of 1.00 × 102 cm3 and a mass of 98 g. The densities of maple, teak, and oak are as follows: What is the identity of the piece of wood? Woo
> What is the mass of a femur (leg bone) having a volume of 118 cm3? The density of bone is 1.8 g/cm3.
> In Question 1.123, you calculated the volume of 8.00 × 102 g of air with a density of 1.29 g/L. The temperature of the air sample was lowered and the density increased to 1.50 g/L. Calculate the new volume of the air sample. Question 1.123: What volume
> Calculate the density of 50.0 g of an isopropyl alcohol– water mixture (commercial rubbing alcohol) that has a volume of 63.6 mL.
> The energy available from the world’s total petroleum reserve is estimated at 2.0 × 1022 J. Convert this energy to kcal.
> Round each of the following numbers to two significant figures. a. 6.2262 b. 3895 c. 6.885 d. 2.2247 e. 0.0004109
> Convert 300.0 K to: a. 0C b. 0F
> The weather station posted that the low for the day would be -100F. Convert -10.00F to: a. 0C b. K
> What is the relationship between density and specific gravity?
> Label each of the following statements as true or false. If false, correct the statement. a. Energy can be created or destroyed. b. Energy can be converted from electrical energy to light energy. c. Conversion of energy from one form to another can occur
> Rank the following temperatures from coldest to hottest: zero degrees Celsius, zero degrees Fahrenheit, zero Kelvin
> Sally and Gertrude were comparing their weight-loss regimens. Sally started her diet weighing 193 lb. In 1 year she weighed 145 lb. Gertrude started her diet weighing 80 kg. At the end of the year, she weighed 65 kg. Who lost the most weight? a. Describe
> Which volume is smaller: 1.0 L or 1.0 qt?
> Which volume is smaller: 50.0 mL or 0.500 L?
> A newborn is 21 in in length and weighs 6 lb 9 oz. Describe the baby in metric units.
> If a drop of blood has a volume of 0.05 mL, how many drops of blood are in the adult described in Question 1.99? Question 1.99: A 150 lb adult has approximately 9 pt of blood. How many L of blood does the individual have?
> Represent each of the following numbers in scientific notation, showing only significant digits: a. 48.20 b. 480.0 c. 0.126 d. 9,200 e. 0.0520 f. 822
> Tire pressure is measured in units of lb/in2. Convert 32 lb/in2 to g/cm2 (use the proper number of significant figures).
> Convert 7.5 × 10-3 cm to mm.
> Convert 3.0 m to: a. yd b. in c. ft d. cm e. mm
> Convert 5.0 qt to: a. gal b. pt c. L d. mL e. µL
> Write the two conversion factors that can be written for the relationship between cm and in.
> Fill in the blank with the missing abbreviation and name the prefix. a. 106 m = 1 _____m b. 10-3 L = 1 _____L c. 10-9 g = 1 _____g
> Why is it important to always include units when recording measurements?
> The following four measurements were made for an object whose true volume is 17.55 mL. 18.69 mL, 18.69 mL, 18.70 mL, 18.71 mL Describe the measurements in terms of their accuracy and their precision.
> Express each of the following numbers in standard notation: a. 3.24 × 103 b. 1.50 × 104 c. 4.579 × 10-1 d. -6.83 × 105 e. -8.21 3× 10-2 f. 2.9979× 108 g. 1.50 × 100 h. 6.02 × 1023
> Perform each of the following operations, reporting the answer with the proper number of significant figures: (16.0)(0.1879) а. d. 18 + 52.1 45.3 (76.32)(1.53) b. e. 58.17 – 57.79 0.052 (0.0063)(57.8) с.
> How many significant figures are contained in each of the following numbers? a. 0.042 b. 4.20 c. 24.0 d. 240 e. 204 f. 2.04
> Round the following numbers to three significant figures: a. 123700 b. 0.00285792 c. 1.421 × 10-3 d. 53.2995 e. 16.96 f. 507.5
> How many significant figures are represented in each of the following numbers? a. 3.8 × 10-3 b. 5.20 × 102 c. 0.00261 d. 24 e. 240 f. 2.40
> Explain what is meant by each of the following terms: a. error b. uncertainty
> Determine the temperature reading of the following thermometer to the correct number of significant figures. | 25.2 | 25.3
> Rank the following from least to greatest mass. cg, µg, Mg
> What English unit of volume is similar to a L?
> What metric unit for length is similar to the English yd?
> Explain the difference between mass and weight.
> Classify the matter represented in the following diagram by state and by composition. DO000000000 DO0000000000 = atom
> Label each property as intensive or extensive: a. the shape of leaves on a tree b. the number of leaves on a tree
> Label each of the following as either a homogeneous mixture or a heterogeneous mixture: a. gasoline b. vegetable soup c. concrete d. hot coffee
> Label each of the following as either a pure substance or a mixture: a. sucrose (table sugar) b. orange juice c. urine d. tears
> Label each of the following properties of sodium as either a physical property or a chemical property: a. When exposed to air, sodium forms a white oxide. b. The density of sodium metal at 250C is 0.97 g/cm3.
> Label each of the following as either a physical change or a chemical reaction: a. A puddle of water evaporates. b. Food is digested. c. Wood is burned.
> Draw a diagram representing a homogeneous mixture of two different substances. Use two different colored spheres to represent the two different substances.
> Label each of the following as pertaining to either a solid, liquid, or gas. a. It has a fixed volume, but not a fixed shape. b. The attractive forces between particles are very pronounced. c. The particles are far apart.
> List the differences between chemical changes and physical changes.
> Describe what is meant by an extensive property and give an example.
> Give examples of pure substances and mixtures.
> Classify each of the following as either a chemical property or a physical property: a. odor b. taste c. temperature
> Explain the differences among the three states of matter in terms of volume and shape.
> Describe an experiment that would enable you to determine the mass (g) of solids suspended in a 1-L sample of seawater.
> Observed increases in global temperatures are caused by elevated levels of carbon dioxide. Is this statement a theory or a scientific law? Explain your reasoning.
> Describe an application of reasoning involving the scientific method that has occurred in your day-to-day life.
> Discuss the difference between theory and scientific law.
> The model of methane in Question 1.27 has limitations, as do all models. What are these limitations? Question 1.27: What are the characteristics of methane emphasized by the following model? H H°c H H
> What data would be required to estimate the mass of planet earth?
> Why is observation a critical starting point for any scientific study?
> Define energy and explain the importance of energy in chemistry.
> Convert 2.00 × 102 J to units of cal.
> Cloudy urine can be a symptom of a bladder infection. Classify this urine as a pure substance, a homogeneous mixture, or a heterogeneous mixture.
> Find the domain and sketch the graph of the function. f (x) = {(x+2 & if & x < -1 @ x2 & if & x > -1)
> Find the domain and sketch the graph of the function. f (x) = {(x+2 & if & x
> Find the domain and sketch the graph of the function. g (x) = |x | - x
> Find the domain and sketch the graph of the function. G (x) = |3x +|x|/x
> Find the domain and sketch the graph of the function. F (x) = |2x + 1|
> Find the domain and sketch the graph of the function. g (x) = √x - 5
> Find the domain and sketch the graph of the function. H (t) = 4 - t2/ 2 - t
> Evaluate the difference quotient for the given function. Simplify your answer. f(x) – x², fla + h) – f(a)
> Find the domain and sketch the graph of the function. F (x) = x2 - 2x + 1
> Find an expression for a cubic function f if f (1) and f (-1) = f (0) = f (2) = 0.
> Find the domain and range and sketch the graph of the function h (x) = √4 – x2.
> Evaluate the difference quotient for the given function. Simplify your answer. f(3 + h) – f(3) f(x) – 4 + 3x – x², h
> Find the domain of the function. g (t) = √3 - t - √2 + t
> Find the domain of the function. f (t) = 3√2t - 1
> Find the domain of the function. f (x) = 2x3 – 5/x2 + x - 6
> Find the domain of the function. f (x) = x + 4/x2 - 9
> Evaluate the difference quotient for the given function. Simplify your answer. f(x) – f(a) f(x) – х — а
> A spherical balloon with radius r inches has volume V(r)-4/3πr3. Find a function that represents the amount of air required to inflate the balloon from a radius of r inches to a radius of r + 1 inches.
> If f (x) – 3x2 – x + 2, and f (2), f (-2), f (a), f (-a), f (a+1), 2 f (a), f (2a), f (a2), [f (a)]2, and f (a + h).
> Temperature readings T (in °F) were recorded every two hours from midnight to 2:00 PM in Baltimore on September 26, 2007. The time was measured in hours from midnight. (a). Use the readings to sketch a rough graph of T as a function of t. (b
> (a). How is the graph of y = 2 sin x related to the graph of y = sin x? Use your answer and Figure 6 to sketch the graph of y = 2 sin x. (b). How is the graph of y = 1 + √x related to the graph of y = √x? Use your answer and Figure 4(a) to sketch the gra
> The number N (in millions) of US cellular phone subscribers is shown in the table. (Midyear estimates are given.) (a). Use the data to sketch a rough graph of N as a function of (b). Use your graph to estimate the number of cell-phone subscribers at mi
> An airplane takes off from an airport and lands an hour later at another airport, 400 miles away. If t represents the time in minutes since the plane has left the terminal building, let x(t) be the horizontal distance traveled and y (t) be the altitude o
> A homeowner mows the lawn every Wednesday afternoon. Sketch a rough graph of the height of the grass as a function of time over the course of a four-week period.
> You place a frozen pie in an oven and bake it for an hour. Then you take it out and let it cool before eating it. Describe how the temperature of the pie changes as time passes. Then sketch a rough graph of the temperature of the pie as a function of tim
> Sketch the graph of the amount of a particular brand of coffee sold by a store as a function of the price of the coffee.
> If and are both even functions, is the product fg even? If f and g are both odd functions, is fg odd? What if f is even and g is odd? Justify your answers.
> If and are both even functions, is f + g even? If and are both odd functions, is f + g odd? What if f is even and g is odd? Justify your answers.
> Determine whether f is even, odd, or neither. If you have a graphing calculator, use it to check your answer visually. f(x) = 1 + 3x – x³
> The graph shown gives the weight of a certain person as a function of age. Describe in words how this person’s weight varies over time. What do you think happened when this person was 30 years old? 200 150 weight (рounds) 100f 50t
> Find the domain and sketch the graph of the function. f (t) = 2t + t2
> The graphs of f and t are given. (a). State the values of f (-4) and g (3). (b). For what values of is f (x) – g (x)? (c). Estimate the solution of the equation f (x) = -1. (d). On what interval is f decreasing? (e). State the domain
> Find the functions (a) f0g, (b) g0f, (c) f0f, and (d)g0g and their domains. x + 1 f(x) = x + g(x) = x + 2
> In this section we discussed examples of ordinary, everyday functions: Population is a function of time, postage cost is a function of weight, water temperature is a function of time. Give three other examples of functions from everyday life that are des
> Graphs of f and g are shown. Decide whether each function is even, odd, or neither. Explain your reasoning.
> A function f has domain [-5, 5] and a portion of its graph is shown. (a). Complete the graph of f if it is known that f is even. (b). Complete the graph of f if it is known that f is odd. y. -5 5
> (a). If the point (5, 3) is on the graph of an even function, what other point must also be on the graph? (b). If the point (5, 3) is on the graph of an odd function, what other point must also be on the graph?
