Explain how generous employment leave for childbirth—at least 12 weeks of paid time off available to either the mother or father—can ease the transition to parenthood and promote positive parent–infant interaction.
> Find the limit (if it exists). If it does not exist, explain why.
> Create a table of values for the function and use the result to determine whether f (x) approaches ∞ or −∞ as x approaches −3 from the left and from the right. Use a graphing utility to graph the function to confirm your answer. f(x) = x2 / (x2 – 9)
> Find the limit (if it exists). If it does not exist, explain why.
> Use the position function s(t) = -4.9t2 + 250, which gives the height (in meters) of an object that has fallen for t seconds from a height of 250 meters. The velocity at time t = a seconds is given by When will the object hit the ground? At what ve
> Use the position function s(t) = -4.9t2 + 250, which gives the height (in meters) of an object that has fallen for t seconds from a height of 250 meters. The velocity at time t = a seconds is given by Find the velocity of the object when t = 4
> Use a graphing utility to graph the function and estimate the limit. Use a table to reinforce your conclusion. Then find the limit by analytic methods.
> Use a graphing utility to graph the function and estimate the limit. Use a table to reinforce your conclusion. Then find the limit by analytic methods.
> Use a graphing utility to graph the function and estimate the limit. Use a table to reinforce your conclusion. Then find the limit by analytic methods.
> Use a graphing utility to graph the function and estimate the limit. Use a table to reinforce your conclusion. Then find the limit by analytic methods.
> Evaluate the limit given f(x) = -6 and g(x) = ½.
> Evaluate the limit given f(x) = -6 and g(x) = 1/2
> Evaluate the limit given f(x) = -6 and g(x) = ½.
> Create a table of values for the function and use the result to determine whether f (x) approaches ∞ or −∞ as x approaches −3 from the left and from the right. Use a graphing utility to graph the function to confirm your answer. f(x) = x / (x2 – 9)
> Evaluate the limit given f(x) = -6 and g(x) = ½.
> Find the limit. [Hint: cos(θ + ϕ) = cos θ cos ϕ − sin θ sin ϕ]
> Find the limit. [Hint: sin(θ + ϕ) = sin θ cos ϕ + cos θ sin ϕ]
> Find the limit.
> Find the limit.
> Find the limit.
> Find the limit.
> Find the limit.
> Find the limit.
> Find the limit.
> Create a table of values for the function and use the result to determine whether f (x) approaches ∞ or −∞ as x approaches −3 from the left and from the right. Use a graphing utility to graph the function to confirm your answer. f(x) = 1 / (x2 – 9)
> Find the limit.
> Find the limit.
> Find the limit.
> Find the limit.
> Find the limit.
> Find the limit.
> Find the limit.
> Find the limit.
> Find the limit.
> Find the limit L. Then use the ε-δ definition to prove that the limit is L.
> Determine whether f(x) approaches ∞ or −∞ as x approaches 4 from the left and from the right. f(x) = -1 / (x – 4)2
> In your own words, describe the meaning of an infinite limit. What does ∞ represent?
> At age 14 months, Reggie built a block tower and gleefully knocked it down. At age 2, he called to his mother and pointed proudly to his tall block tower. What explains this change in Reggie’s emotional behaviour?
> Several times, after her father hid a teething biscuit under a red cup, 12-month-old Mimi retrieved it easily. Then Mimi’s father hid the biscuit under a nearby yellow cup. Why did Mimi persist in searching for it under the red cup?
> Which infant enrichment program would you choose: one that emphasizes gentle talking and touching and social games, or one that includes reading and number drills and classical music lessons? Explain.
> On seeing her new-born baby for the first time, Caroline exclaimed, “Why is she so out of proportion?” What observations prompted Caroline to ask this question? Explain why her baby’s appearance is adaptive.
> Rhonda and Mark, a career-oriented couple in their early thirties, are thinking about having a baby. What factors should they keep in mind as they decide whether to add to their family at this time in their lives?
> Gilbert’s genetic makeup is homozygous for dark hair. Jan’s is homozygous for blond hair. What proportion of their children are likely to be dark-haired? Explain.
> Why is it ethically important for researchers to offer the intervention to the no-intervention control group after completion of the study?
> Explain how factors that promote resilience contribute to children’s favourable adjustment following divorce.
> What style do gifted children who realize their potential typically experience? Explain.
> Is the concept of authoritative child rearing useful for understanding effective parenting across cultures? Explain.
> Imagine that you must counsel a couple considering in vitro fertilization using donor ova to overcome infertility. What medical and ethical risks would you raise?
> Explain how children’s strategies for word learning support the interactionist perspective on language development.
> According to differentiation theory, perceptual development reflects infants’ active search for invariant features. Provide examples from research on hearing, pattern perception, object perception, and intermodal perception.
> Derek, father of a 3-year-old and a new-born, reported that he had a harder time adjusting to the birth of his second child than to that of his first. Explain why this might be so.
> Claire told her 6-year-old daughter never to talk to or take candy from strangers. Why is Claire’s warning unlikely to protect her daughter from sexual abuse? What preventive actions can Claire take?
> Sandy wonders why her daughter Mira’s teacher often has students work on assignments in small, cooperative groups. Explain the benefits of this approach to Sandy. What must Mira’s teacher do to ensure that cooperative learning succeeds?
> Chandra heard a news report about 10 severely neglected children, living in squalor in an inner-city tenement. She wondered, “Why would parents so mistreat their children?” How would you answer Chandra?
> Sammy’s mother explained to him that the family would take a vacation in Miami. The next morning, Sammy announced, “I gotted my bags packed. When are we going to Your-ami?” What explains Sammy’s errors?
> Ben, age 13 months, has just started to walk. Using the concept of affordances, explain why he is likely to step over risky drop-offs.
> What strengths and limitations do the clinical, or case study, method and ethnography have in common?
> Provide an example of how one domain of development (physical, cognitive, or emotional/social) can affect development in another domain.
> How does each level in Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory—microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and macro-system—contribute to effects of parents’ employment on children’s development?
> How can bilingual education promote ethnic minority children’s cognitive and academic development?
> In addition to gender-stereotyped beliefs, what other aspects of pre-schoolers’ social understanding tend to be rigid and one-sided?
> Explain how guided play is consistent with educational implications of both Piaget’s and Vygotsky’s theories.
> What type of early parenting fosters the development of emotional self-regulation, secure attachment, and self-control? Why, in each instance, is it effective?
> Cognition and language are interrelated. List examples of how cognition fosters language development. Next, list examples of how language fosters cognitive development.
> Provide several examples of how motor development influences infants’ and toddlers’ social experiences. How do social experiences, in turn, influence motor development?
> How do the diverse capacities of new-born babies contribute to their first social relationships? Provide as many examples as you can.
> Explain how each of the following concepts supports the conclusion that genetic influences on human characteristics are not constant but change over time: somatic mutation, niche-picking, and epigenesist.
> A researcher wants to study the thoughts and feelings of children who have a parent on active duty in the military. Which method should she use? Why?
> What cognitive changes, support the transition to a self-concept emphasizing competencies, personality traits, and social comparisons?
> Steve and Marissa are in the midst of an acrimonious divorce. Their 9-year-old son Dennis has become hostile and defiant. How can Steve and Marissa help Dennis adjust?
> After soccer practice, 10-year-old Shana remarked, “I’m wiped out!” Megan, her 5-year-old sister, responded, “What did’ya wipe out?” Explain Shana’s and Megan’s different understandings.
> List findings indicating that language and communication—between parents and children, between teachers and children, and between peers—powerfully affect children’s gender typing. What recommendations would you make to counteract these influences?
> Your senator has heard that IQ and achievement gains resulting from Head Start do not last, so she plans to vote against additional funding. Write a letter explaining why she should support Head Start.
> Len, a caregiver of 1- and 2-year-olds, wonders whether toddlers recognize themselves. List signs of self-recognition in the second year that Len can observe. What behaviours reveal that toddlers are still forming objective representations of their own p
> Fran frequently corrects her 17-month-old son Jeremy’s attempts to talk and—fearing that he won’t use words—refuses to respond to his gestures. How might Fran be contributing to Jeremy’s slow language progress?
> List features of everyday contexts that support infants’ progress in reaching, grasping, sitting, and crawling. Why should caregivers place young infants in a variety of waking-time body positions?
> After a difficult delivery, Jackie observes her 2-day-old daughter, Kelly, being given the NBAS. Kelly scores poorly on many items. Seeing this, Jackie wonders if Kelly will develop normally. How would you respond to Jackie’s concern?
> Bianca’s parents are accomplished musicians. At age 4, Bianca began taking piano lessons. By age 10, she was accompanying the school choir. At age 14, she asked to attend a special music high school. Explain how gene–environment correlation promoted Bian
> Explain how each recent theoretical perspective regards children as active contributors to their own development.
> Explain how advances in perspective taking contribute to school-age children’s improved ability to draw and use maps.
> Describe similarities in development of self-concept, attitudes toward racial and ethnic minorities, and gender-stereotyped beliefs in middle childhood.
> Explain how dynamic assessment is consistent with Vygotsky’s zone of proximal development and with scaffolding.
> On Saturdays, 10-year-old Darnell gathers with friends on the driveway of his house to play basketball. Besides improved ball skills, what else is he learning?
> What must parents do to foster conscience development in fearless, impulsive children? How does this illustrate the concept of goodness of fit?
> Cite evidence on the development of pre-schoolers’ executive function, memory, theory of mind, and literacy and mathematical understanding that is consistent with Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory
> How are experiences that best support pre-schoolers’ gross-motor development consistent with experience-expectant brain growth of the early years?
> How do the caregiving experiences of securely attached infants promote emotional self-regulation?
> Using what you learned about brain development, explain why it is best to initiate intervention for children living in poverty in the first two years rather than later.
> Which learning capacities contribute to an infant’s first social relationships? Explain, providing examples.
> List factors discussed that increase the chances of an infant being born underweight. How many of these factors could be prevented by better health care for expectant mothers?
> Relate secular trends in physical growth to the concept of cohort effects.
> Using what you learned about research strategies in Chapter 1, explain why it is difficult to determine the prenatal effects of many environmental agents, such as drugs and pollution.
> How does poverty affect functioning of the family system, placing all domains of development at risk?
> Mario wants to find out precisely how children of different ages recall stories. Desiree is interested in how adult–child communication in different cultures influences children’s storytelling. Which theoretical perspective has Mario probably chosen? How
> What changes in parent–child and teacher–child relationships are likely to help children who are rejected by their peers?
> Josefina, a Hispanic fourth grader, does well on homework assignments. But when her teacher announces, “It’s time for a test to see how much you’ve learned,” Josefina usually does poorly. How might stereotype threat explain this inconsistency?
> Nine-year-old Jasmine thinks she isn’t good at sports, and she doesn’t like physical education class. Suggest strategies her teacher can use to improve her pleasure and involvement in physical activity.
> Alice and Wayne want their two young children to become morally mature, caring individuals. List some parenting practices they should use and some they should avoid.
> Lena wonders why her 4-year-old son Gregor’s teacher provides extensive playtime in learning centres during each preschool day. Explain to Lena how adult-supported play can promote literacy and math skills essential for academic success.
> Mabel and Chad want to do everything they can to support their 3-year-old daughter’s motor development. What advice would you give them?
> What attachment pattern did Timmy display when Vanessa picked him up from child care, and what factors probably contributed to it?
