Question: Following stake holder actively participants in the

> The RX Drug Company has just purchased a capsulating machine for $76,000. The plant engineer estimates the useful life a t5 years and zero salvage value. Compute the depreciation schedule using straight-line and MARCS depreciation.

> As CEO of firm A, you and your management team face the decision of whether to undertake a $200 million R&D effort to create a new mega-medicine. Your research scientists estimate that there is a (,0 percent chance of successfully creating the drug. Succ

> Who developed the idea of laissez- faire capitalism? John Locke Adam Smith Baron de Montesquieu Friedrich Engels François Noël Babeuf

> What about the Earth can you learn in Physical Geology?

> Determining Sequence of Events in Geologic Cross Sections A. Review the legend of symbols at the bottom of the page. On the line provided for each cross section, write letters to indicate the sequence of events from oldest (first in the sequence of event

> 28. Is the basic process responsible for advance of valley glaciers the same as for advance of continental glaciers? 29. Briefly explain how continental glaciers can flow uphill.

> 32. Explain the origin of varves and their significance in the chronologies of glacial land deposits. 33. What were two of the geological consequences of the 130 m drop in sea level which occurred during me maximum glacial coverage of the Great Ice Age?

> 30. How can the boundary between the zones of accumulation and wastage on a glacier be located during spring and summer? 31. What is a stagnant glacier? Why does a glacier become stagnant?

> During recession, docs ice flow towards the terminus or back towards the zone of accumulation? Explain.

> In what direction should the rock units be dipping in the example below. A. Away from the center of the structure B. Cannot say C. Toward the center or the structure D. Randomly with respect to the structure DOME Oldest strata Youngest strata

> Determine the midspan deflection of beam AC relative to the supports D and E in terms of the flexural rigidity EI, P and L. B D F E - L- -

> How to find the stiffness and deflection formula of a beam, frame or column, in relation to structural dynamic., like the deriving deflection formula for an indeterminate structure.

> TABLE 5.1 Deflection and Stiffness Formulas for Straight Bars (Rods, Beams) of Uniform Section For the figure below, determine the deflection of point A on the angled rod in the Y direction due the applied load F and moment M. For deflection equations

> What is the difference between young's modulus and stiffness in measurement and formulas?

> A 60 gallon compressor with a psi of 155 is connected to an empty air tank with a volume of 5 gallons. What is the maximum psi that the air tank can be filled to? If Boyles Law is P,V=P;V¢ 60*155-5x>x=1860 psi.OR 60*155=(60+5)*155→x=143 PS| 60 Gallon

> The block brake consists of a pin-connected lever and friction block at B. The coefficient of static friction between the wheel and the lever is μs = 0.30. A torque (moment) of 5 N.m is applied to the wheel. Determine if the brake can hold

> Using an allowable stress of 155 Mpa. Determine: the largest bending moment M that can be applied to the wide flange beam shown. Neglect the effect of fillets. 200 mm 12 mm 220 mm M 8 mm 12 mm

> For the beam and loading shown, design the cross-section of the beam, knowing that the grade of timber used has an allowable normal stress of 9 MPa. 25 kN 2.5 kN 4 kN/m 140 mm 3 m 08 m 0.8 m mm %3D

> For the beam and loading shown determine a. the moment and shear force diagrams. b. the maximum normal stress and shearing stress. q=10kN/m P=20kN D 200mm 301 A B 2m 200 yc 3m t. 30

> For the beam and loading shown, a. determine the resultant force due to the distributed load by the integration method For the beam and loading shown, b. determine the reactions at the | and supports of the beam. Use the Composite Area Approach.

> Draw the shearing-force and bending-moment diagrams for the beam and loading shown. M,- gr

> For the beam and loading shown, determine the deflection at point A. В A · L/2 L/2 -

> An air conditioning system is installed on the roof of a two story building. The fan causes a harmonic lateral force due to rotating unbalance in the fan. It is required to study the vibrations of the building under the lateral force. The masses of the f

> let mu= 0.9, Fz = 4500, As = 0, Cx = 80000, Cy=47275. Simulate the Dugoff’s tire model for both pure longitudinal and pure lateral force cases. Plot the tire longitudinal force vs. slip and lateral force vs. slip angle

> Simulate the Dugoff’s tire model for both pure longitudinal and pure lateral force cases. Plot the tire longitudinal force vs. slip and lateral force vs. slip angle

> TABLE 13.6 Lateral force vs. slip angle Slip Angle The lateral force vs. slip angle values for a tire are given in Table 13.6. Expressing the lateral force as a function of the slip angle as FL = c1α +c2α2, estimate the coef

> A. Draw the shear diagram for the cantilevered beam. B. Draw the moment diagram for the cantilevered beam. 100 lb 800 lb-ft A B 5 ft- -5 ft V,lb 200- T 100+ x,ft 5 10 -100- -200 100 lb 800 lb-ft C BI -5 ft -5 ft M,lb-ft 2,400T 1,800 1,200- 600- x,ft

> The following engineering stress-strain curve was obtained for an Aluminum 6061-T6 alloy. Using the curve, determine the following. Please do your best to approximate the values from the curve and pay attention to the units. Modulus of Elasticity in ksi

> Locate the Centroid of the plane areas shown, by inspection. 5 in 1. hin - kin

> 1. a. Derive the relationship between true strain and engineering strain [Hint: start with expression for engineering strain] b. Derive a relationship between true stress and engineering strain Problem 2. The engineering yield strength of a copper all

> Using the data for STEEL ONLY, determine the following parameters a. Modulus of elasticity; b. Engineering Yield strength; c. Engineering Yield strain; d. Engineering Tensile strength; e. Engineering Tensile strain; f. Engineering stress at fracture

> The diffusion coefficients for carbon in nickel are 5.5 x 10-14 m2 /s at 600°C and 3.9 x 10-13 m2 /s at 700°C, respectively. Calculate the magnitude of diffusion coefficient at 850°C.

> a. Plot the data as shown in the following table as engineering stress (MPa) versus engineering strain (mm/mm) and determine the 0.2 percent offset yield stress of the steel. b. Determine the yield strength at a strain offset of 0.002. c. Determine the

> How to find engineering stress, engineering strain, modulus of elasticity, and elongation to fracture using the information provided. Initial length, lo= Initial width, wo= Initial thickness, to= 25.00 mm 6.26 mm 1.45 mm Specimen 1 Displacement (mm)

> Define a homogeneous material. Define the modulus of elasticity. Engineering stress and strain are calculated using the actual cross-sectional area and length of the specimen. True or false? As the temperature increases the modulus of elasticity will inc

> The state of stress at a point in a loaded solid is given as a. Calculate the principal menu. b. Plot the Mohr’s circles for this point and calculate the maximum shear stress c. Determine the principal direction. 5 0 00 0MPA 2 0

> Air flows into the jet engine shown in the figure below at a rate of 9 slugs/s and a speed of 371 ft/s. Upon landing, the engine exhaust exits through the reverse thrust mechanism with a speed of 846 ft/s in the direction indicated. Determine the reverse

> Which of the following statements is always true? 1. Entropy change in adiabatic process is 0. 2. Entropy change in any process is always positive. 3. If a process is reversible, change in entropy of system is 0. 4. None listed.

> Determine the reactions at the supports. 400 N/m В 4 A -3 m -3 m Prob. 5-11 3.

> A pin is pushed along a slotted track defined by the function r = 3 sin θ, where r is in units of meters and theta is radians measured positive in the counter-clockwise direction. The pin pushed by an arm AB. When the arm AB is at Ï&#12

> Consider the cross-section show in the figure y w" B (w,h) h y =-x h" ソ=h %3D A (0,0) w=9 in h= 13 in Calculate , the moment of inertia about the x-axis in^4 ENTER 3 tries remaining. 1 pointisi possible Calculate l, the moment of inertia about the

> The link AC rotates with a constant angular speed of 6 rad/s such that the position of the slide B is described by r = 200(2 - cos α) mm. When a = 150, determine: 1.The radial and transverse components of the slider's velocity. 2. The rad

> The car travels around the circular track with a constant speed of 21 m/s wit r=400(costheta)m. Determine the car's radial and transverse component of velocity at the instant θ=π/4rad. Determine the car's radial and transverse component of acceleration a

> The roller coaster car has a mass of 700 kg, including its passenger. If it is released from rest at the top of the hill A. determine the minimum height h of the hill crest so that the car travels around both inside the loops without leaving the track.

> The motion of the slider B can be described by the variables r = a + bt2 and θ = c+ sint, where a, b, and c are constants and t is time. Determine at time t: i. Radial and transverse components of the inertial velocity of B. ii. Radial and transverse co

> In MATLAB, write your own function of rotating two horizontal components into Radial and Transverse components. Please provide the code.

> A. Explain Frenkel and Schottky defects in Ceramics. B. The modulus of elasticity for spinel (MgAl2O4) having 7 vol% porosity is 250 GPa. Compute the modulus of elasticity for the nonporous material and the modulus of elasticity for 18 vol% porosity.

> The diffusion coefficients for carbon in nickel are given at two temperatures as shown in the table below. Determine the value of Qd? T( C) D (m2/s) 600 5.5 x 10 14 700 3.9 x 10 13

> The diffusion coefficients for carbon in nickel are 5.5 x 10-14 m2/s at 600.

> The solid circular shaft has a radius of 90 mm and Modulus of Rigidity G = 75 GPa. Determine: the maximum shear stress in the shaft and the angle of twist of A relative to C. 2 m 3 m A 40 kN-m 60 kN-m

> Accidents with trucks carrying hazardous wastes are fairly common. Suppose regulators enact a rule requiring that the perpetrators of such an accident be liable for a sum equal to the average damages of all such accidents in the industry. Would this lead

> For what types of pollution problems is voluntary action likely to be the most effective policy approach?

> Suppose a community weighed each resident’s solid-waste disposal when it was picked up and published the individual totals each year in the local newspaper. Do you think this would lead to a reduction in the total quantity of solid waste disposed of in t

> Suppose courts changed rules regarding burden of proof, requiring polluters to show that their emissions are harmless, rather than pollutees to show that they have been harmed. What impact might this have?

> It would seem that neighbors could easily negotiate among themselves to settle problems of local externalities such as noise and unsightly land uses. Yet most communities control these problems with local laws and regulations. Why?

> When setting public policy on environmental risks, should we base it on the levels of risk to which people think they are exposed or on the risk levels as scientists have determined them to be in fact?

> Suppose the costs of an environmental pollution-control program are expected to be equal to $80 per year, and that benefits will be $50 per year for 50 years, then $150 per year thereafter. At a discount rate of 4 percent, what are the net benefits of th

> Following are some illustrative numbers for benefits and costs arising from a program to restrict emissions of a pollutant. Current emissions are 10 tons per month. Identify the emission level at which net benefits would be maximized. Show that this is n

> Suppose we are comparing two ways of protecting ourselves against mobile source air pollution: putting additional controls on the internal combustion engine or developing an entirely different type of engine that is cleaner. How would changes in the disc

> Air-pollution-control authorities in southern California propose to control mobile-source emissions by requiring that a certain percentage of all new cars sold in the region be electric. Contrast the different perspectives that would be involved in analy

> What is the difference between a residual and a pollutant? Illustrate this in the context of a common airborne emission such as sulfur dioxide (SO2); with noise; with junked automobiles; with an unsightly building.

> Emission charges are sometimes seen as creating a “double burden”: Firms must pay the costs of reducing emissions and also pay the government for polluting discharges. How might a charge system be designed to reduce this double burden?

> We talked about “side payments” given to countries to lower the costs to them of joining international environmental agreements. What types of side payments might be effective?

> What are the implications for cost-effective recycling programs of regulations that establish the same recycling ratios for all sectors of the economy?

> In what way does TSCA put the burden of proof for a chemical’s safety on the EPA?

> Explain how a program of transferable discharge permits works to satisfy the equimarginal principle.

> Controlling the residuals from the production of bleached paper towels is about five times costlier than controlling the residuals from unbleached paper towels. Analyze this difference with our standard pollution-control model. What does it suggest in te

> Prove (graphically) that the point labeled e* in Figure 5.6 is indeed the point that minimizes total social costs, the sum of abatement and damage costs. (Do this by showing that at any other point, this total cost will be higher.) Figure 5.6: МАС

> Consider the marginal cost curve associated with cleaning your dorm room. Label the vertical axis “time” and the horizontal axis “percent clean.” What would this marginal cost curve look like?

> What are likely to be the main problems in establishing cap-and-trade programs for water pollution control?

> As depicted in Figure 2.3, most emissions from individual sources get mixed in with those of other sources, to produce the general level of ambient quality. What problems does this present in adopting emission-control policies to get a cleaner environmen

> Economies grow by investing in new sources of productivity, new plants and equipment, infrastructure such as roads, and so on. How does this type of investment affect the flows depicted in Figure 2.1? Figure 2.1: Natural Environment Recycled (R6) |

> Suppose there is a river on which are located several microbreweries, each of which discharges pollutants into the water. Suppose somebody invents a new technology for treating this waste stream that, if adopted by the breweries, could substantially dimi

> Explain how emission charges solve the equimarginal problem.

> Figure 3.10 illustrates the derivation of an industry supply curve under competitive conditions where each firm receives the same price for its output. What is the relationship of this procedure to the equimarginal principle discussed earlier in the chap

> If emission standards are ruled out because of, for example, the impossibility of measuring emissions (as in nonpoint-source emissions), what alternative types of standards might be used instead?

> Environmental policy is sometimes criticized for being a white, middle-class preoccupation. How might you interpret this position, using the concepts presented in this chapter?

> Why has trade policy been effective in protecting some endangered species and not others?

> Refer to Figure 21.1. How would a technology transfer from country A to country B alter the PPC? Figure 21.1 A A: Developed country Marketed B: Less-developed country output B e2 Environmental quality

> What are the two primary alternative explanations for the demographic patterns found in the vicinity of many hazardous-waste dump sites?

> Another way of increasing the use of recycled material by industry is to subsidize its purchase of materials taken from the waste stream. How would you analyze this in terms of Figure 17.2? Figure 17.2 Demand for material S, S2 P2 Pv 92 Quantity of

> Environmental pollution is, for the most part, reversible, in the sense that it can be decreased if the appropriate steps are taken. What are the pros and cons, therefore, of using sustainability as a criterion for evaluating environmental policies?

> Consider the example of the three homeowners around the lake (the ones depicted in Table 4.2). Suppose the lake was cleaned up to the efficient level of 2 ppm and that the total costs of the cleanup were shared equally among the homeowners (stick to inte

> What is the relationship between economic growth, population growth, and environmental quality in developing countries?

> What is the usual meaning that economists give to the expression “the value of a human life”? What are the different ways of estimating this value?

> The Chinese government has elected to close high polluting power plants and some factories. Compare and contrast how the Chinese government would evaluate the benefits versus how an individual Chinese worker would evaluate the benefits.

> Suppose you were hired by the homeowners located around a lake to determine the benefits of improving the water quality in the lake. How might you go about doing it?

> In the early 1990s, the United States attempted to put restrictions on the importation of tuna from Mexico because Mexican fishers used methods that destroyed relatively large numbers of dolphin when catching the tuna. These fishing methods are illegal f

> Which of the many aspects of globalization do you think will have the greatest long-run impact on environmental quality around the world?

> Somebody invents a small machine that electrostatically is able to remove dust from rooms very quickly. What does this do to the marginal cost curve depicted in question 6? Question 6: Consider the marginal cost curve associated with cleaning your dorm

> When CFCs were first introduced 50 years ago, their benefits were obvious, and nobody appreciated the long-run impacts they might have. How do we guard ourselves against unforeseen long-run effects such as this?

> “International environmental agreements are very much shaped by the fact that enforcement on the international level is difficult, if not impossible.” Discuss.

> What is free-riding in the context of international agreements and what might be some ways of overcoming it?

> Considering the definition of public goods introduced in the chapter, is a bus a public good? Is an automatic teller machine (ATM)? Is a public park? Is a library?

> In the absence of a worldwide agreement to reduce CO2 through a carbon tax, how effective might it be if just one country, or a small number of countries, instituted a tax unilaterally?

> Following are illustrative numbers indicating benefits and costs to Country A of taking specific actions on an international treaty to reduce CO2 emissions. The choice is either to adhere to the CO2 emissions cutbacks called for by the treaty or to disre

> How many different formulas can you think of for allocating a reduction in global CO2 among the nations of the world? Compare and contrast these in terms of efficiency and equity. Consider the equiproportionate and equimarginal principles, population, in

> Global warming is predicted to affect countries differently, which is one reason it is difficult to get all countries to agree on a global CO2 treaty. Do you think it will be easier to get agreement after the results start showing up in different countri

> Rather than placing a tax on fuels or the carbon content of fuels, taxes might be put on fuel-using items, such as “gas-guzzling” cars, less efficient appliances, or houses with poor insulation. Which type of tax would be more efficient?

> Many countries are adopting a “wait-and-see” strategy toward CO2 emissions and atmospheric warming. What would a rational “wait-and-see” strategy look like?