Question: Go to the Tableau website (www.tableau.

> Define the validity of measurement and explain why and how it is measured.

> Make a list of five ideas for a general research topic that interests you. For each, identify the source of the idea.

> Describe how some behaviors can be explained by clichés, such as “You can’t teach an old dog new tricks” or “You can’t make an omelet without breaking eggs.”

> Describe how the reliability of a personality test could be established using the results from a correlational study.

> Suppose that there is a negative relationship between grade point average and the number of hours spent playing video games for high school boys. What grades would you predict for boys who spend more than the average amount of time playing video games?

> Describe how the concept of participant reactivity might explain why a person’s behavior in a group of strangers is different from a person’s behavior with friends.

> A researcher has a sample of 30 rats that are all cloned from the same source. The 30 rats are genetically identical and have been raised in exactly the same environment since birth. The researcher conducts an experiment, randomly assigning 10 of the clo

> Describe how replication protects against fraud being committed in research.

> Select one construct from the following list: happiness hunger exhaustion motivation creativity fear Briefly describe how it might be measured using: a. an operational definition based on self-report (e.g., a questionnaire). b. an operational def

> Determine whether each of the following hypotheses is testable and refutable. If not, explain why. a. Young children can see good or evil auras surrounding the people they meet. b. A list of three-syllable words is more difficult to memorize than a lis

> Is the following hypothesis testable, refutable, and positive? Explain your answer. Hypothesis: People who pray regularly are less likely to be injured in an accident.

> Define a positive relationship and a negative relationship and explain how the consistency of positive and negative relationships can be used to establish validity and reliability.

> A researcher conducting a political poll for a statewide election would like to know the attitudes of college students concerning the candidates. A sample of 200 upperclassmen from the state university is selected to participate in the survey. For this s

> If a researcher selects a sample from each of the following populations, then which is likely to be a probability sample and which is likely to be a nonprobability sample? a. The population consists of the children enrolled in a prekindergarten program

> Explain the purpose of a research proposal and how it differs from a research report.

> Write a research report using APA style.

> Identify and describe the content of each section of an APA-style research report.

> Describe the basic elements of APA-style writing including the use of verb tense and guidelines for citations and apply these elements in your own writing when APA-style is required.

> Explain how sample size and sample variance influence the outcome of a hypothesis test and why a measure of effect size is needed to supplement the test.

> Define a Type I and a Type II error, explain why they occur, and describe the consequences of each.

> Identify the general purpose of a hypothesis test and explain how the test accomplishes the researcher’s goal.

> Explain how the Pearson correlation describes the relationship between two variables and predicts the general appearance of the scatter plot for the data.

> Define an operational definition and explain the purpose and the limitations of operational definitions.

> Explain how the mean and the standard deviation describe a distribution of scores.

> Define and compute the three measures of central tendency.

> Construct a frequency distribution table or graph to organize and display an entire distribution of scores.

> Define a statistic and a parameter and explain the role that each plays in inferential statistics.

> Describe the basic concern with measuring inter-rater reliability and explain how Cohen’s kappa addresses this concern.

> Describe the two basic concerns with the calculation of split-half reliability and explain how these concerns are addressed by the Spearman–Brown formula, the K–R 20, and Cronbach’s alpha.

> Identify the characteristics that differentiate different sets of data and identify the hypothesis test(s) appropriate for each data structure.

> Define the two general categories of statistics, descriptive and inferential, and explain the purpose for each.

> Identify and describe the component-analysis design and describe the circumstances in which it is used.

> Describe the structure of a multiple-baseline design and explain how the results from this design can demonstrate a cause-and-effect relationship.

> Define a construct and explain the role that constructs play in theories.

> Explain the circumstances in which an ABAB reversal design should be modified to create a more complex phase-change design and identify some options for the modification.

> Identify the strengths and weaknesses of an ABAB reversal design and describe the circumstances in which it should or should not be used.

> Describe the structure of an ABAB reversal design and explain how the results from this design can demonstrate a cause-and-effect relationship.

> Explain how researchers identify a “significant” difference between two phases in a single-case study.

> Describe the purpose of a phase in a single-case design and explain how patterns within a phase are defined, including the importance of stability of data.

> Identify the basic elements of a single-case experimental research design that make it a true experiment: manipulation and control (including baseline observations, multiple and stable observations, and replication of treatment effects).

> Identify the general advantages and disadvantages of single-case designs compared to traditional group designs.

> Identify the strengths and weaknesses of a multiple-baseline design and describe the circumstances in which it should or should not be used.

> Describe the goal of single-case research and explain how single-case designs are related to other experimental designs, the descriptive case study, and the quasiexperimental time-series design.

> Describe the general characteristics of the case study design, identify the different situations for which this type of research is well suited, and explain its strengths and weaknesses.

> Describe the characteristics of a good hypothesis and identify examples of good and bad hypotheses.

> Distinguish between qualitative and quantitative research and recognize examples of each.

> List five stakeholders of accounting information. Describe the information requirements for each one; for example, lenders would need information regarding the business's ability to repay debt and service a loan.

> One of the new opportunities for accounting graduates is forensic accounting. What does forensic accounting entail? Provide an example of a position as a forensic accountant.

> Provide an example each of a company that would produce a GPFS and a company that would produce a special purpose financial statement. Who are the likely stakeholders of both types of entities?

> In Amcor’s 2017 GRI Report, CEO Ron Delia stated that ‘with our global scale, strong relationships and collaborative approach, Amcor is making improvements and breakthroughs that are raising the environmental profile of our entire industry’. Listed among

> Refer to the latest financial statements for JB Hi-Fi Ltd. (The notes to the 2018 consolidated financial statements of JB Hi-Fi Ltd appear in the appendix to this text and the statements are available online at http://investors.jbhifi.com.au.) For each o

> Go to the CSR Ltd website (www.csr.com.au) and locate the segment report in the company’s latest financial statements. (a) What do you think is the purpose of the segment report? (b) What operating segments does CSR have? (c) How do you think this inform

> After successfully running her SME recruitment agency for a number of years, Angelica feels it is now time to expand. Her friends in business have told her to ‘get big or get out’. One of the options she is investigating is whether or not to list on the

> Download the report Triple bottom line reporting in Australia at www.environment.gov.au/archive/settlements/industry/finance/publications/indicators/pubs/indicators.pdf. This guide puts forward a methodology to help entities report on their environmental

> BHP Group Ltd includes a sustainability report in its annual report. What key performance indicators (KPIs) are included in this report? Explain the different stakeholders that would be interested in this information.

> Sustainability accounting is a very important and huge growth area of accounting. Discuss the different stakeholders (and their information needs) that would be interested in sustainability reports.

> Go to the IFRS Foundation website, www.ifrs.org. Select ‘Around the world’ then ‘Use of IFRS standards by jurisdiction’. Comment on the jurisdictions that have adopted IFRS. Which countries are yet to adopt IFRS? Can you think of reasons why certain coun

> Describe how accounting information helps shareholders and lenders to make decisions concerning the operations and performance of an entity.

> It is argued that the convergence of our accounting standards with international standards and their subsequent adoption have brought great benefits to the Australian economy. What are the benefits in relation to international trade?

> ‘Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings, whatever our nationality, place of residence, sex, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, language, or any other status. We are all equally entitled to our human rights without discrimination.

> Critique the role that regulation plays in encouraging business sustainability. In other words, assess whether you feel the government should regulate to protect the environment’s and society’s needs or whether companies would ‘do the right thing’ anyway

> You are a CFO in an organisation that is considering reporting on CSR using the GRI Standards. The CEO has asked you to prepare a report for the board supporting such a proposal. In this report you should outline: (a) The benefits of CSR reporting (b) Th

> Read the article on environmental auditing at www.epa.vic.gov.au/our-work/environmental-auditing. What is environmental auditing? What is a 53V audit? What is the role of the auditor in the 53V process?

> Compare the principles underlying the GRI sustainability reporting Standards with the principles underlying the preparation of GPFS.

> List the qualities needed in providing external audit and assurance services to organisations in relation to CSR reports.

> Suggest what the most important driver of sustainability would be and explain your rationale for its selection.

> What are some of the advantages of business planning?

> Outline some ways that accountants could contribute to the sustainability efforts of organisations.

> Outline the nine principles of business sustainability performance as put forward by Epstein and Roy (2003).

> Growth areas for accountants in the future include sustainability reporting and, more specifically, carbon accounting. What are the costs and the benefits for entities in reporting their carbon greenhouse gas emissions?

> What are the three pillars of sustainability?

> Suggest ways in which suppliers and customers could work together to reduce their overall impact on the environment.

> What is meant by business sustainability?

> What is the role of the International Integrated Reporting Council? What is its strategy?

> What are the six capitals that an integrated report is focused on?

> Explain the role of the blockchain in cryptocurrencies.

> How does data analytics help accountants make decisions?

> Financial acumen may not be every director’s strength but ignorance is no excuse when it comes to understanding company accounts. The former directors of property group Centro found this out the hard way when the Federal Court brought down its landmark d

> The IASB has published its revised Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting. Required Go to the IFRS website and select the ‘Project Summary’ for the Conceptual Framework at www.ifrs.org/projects/2018/conceptual-framework/#supporting-material. (a) W

> Go to the Royal Commission website at https://financialservices.royalcommission.gov.au/Pages/default.aspx. 1. Select ‘Submissions’. 2. Select ‘Submissions in response to original request’. 3. Choose one of the companies that have been asked to provide f

> The Royal Commission into Misconduct in the Banking, Superannuation and Financial Services Industry was established in 2017. There were 10 140 public submissions, mainly in the areas of personal financial, superannuation and small-business finance. A num

> The downturn in the economy during 2008 revealed one of the biggest cases of fraud in history. The fraud was masterminded by Bernie Madoff, a well-known American finance executive. The $65 billion Ponzi scheme called the Bernard L Madoff Investment Secur

> Search the Johnson & Johnson website for its famous credo (www.jnj.com.au). (Hint: Access the credo from the drop-down menu called ‘Our Company’.) Given that the credo was written nearly 60 years ago, comment on its appropriateness in today’s business wo

> Erle Smith is a financial controller with Accounting Success Ltd, an entity that sells software products to accounting firms and small businesses. At present, Erle is analysing a number of software packages that focus on job costing. He needs to pick one

> The notes to the 2018 consolidated financial statements of JB Hi-Fi Ltd appear in the appendix to this text. Examine these notes together with other information from the website (http://investors.jbhifi.com.au) to investigate JB Hi-Fi Ltd’s compliance wi

> Corporate governance relates only to large public enterprises and is therefore irrelevant for small business. Discuss this statement.

> Why has the globalisation of accounting become so important for accountants?

> From humble beginnings, Phil expanded his backyard business in Melbourne to produce and sell sports drink bottles for AFL, cricket, rugby league and rugby union football teams in 2019. Due to the success of his product and the fact that he was dealing wi

> Provide an example of the different types of activities that would be performed by a management accountant and a financial accountant for a large public company listed on the ASX.

> Kiki has just been offered a retirement package from her work as a sales representative with Makeup Magic. Her long-term goal has been to start up a day-spa resort on the Sunshine Coast in Queensland with her sister Cece, who is a marketing consultant. K

> The introduction of differential reporting has resulted in many significant changes for Australian companies. Access a summary of the Differential Reporting Project update at the AASB website (www.aasb.gov.au). Required (a) Summarise the requirements fo

> Refer to the statements of financial position for Advantage Tennis Coaching and Coconut Plantations Pty Ltd. Required (a) Summarise the differences in the ownership structure of the two business entities. (b) What are the relative advantages and disadva

> Access the latest update on the Australian Financial Reporting Framework from the AASB website www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content102/c3/AASB_Financial_Reporting_Framework_Project_Summary.pdf) and summarise the current status of the project.

> P Nightingale commenced business on 1 October 2020 as a beautician operating as Nightingale Beauty Salon. Transactions for the month of October were as follows. 2020 October 1 Started business by contributing capital of $120 000. 2 Paid rent for month of

> Samuel and Vinnie decide to form a partnership on 1 January 2020. They secure the services of a solicitor to draw up their partnership agreement as follows. (a) Samuel is to contribute: • His vehicle valued at $72 000 • Plant and equipment valued at $168

> The directors of Pumpkin Ltd provide you with the following financial information for the period ended 31 December 2020: selling expense $76 050; interest expense $29 250; legal fees $4875; administrative expense $60 450; income tax expense $31 200; cost

> Julia and Evie, owners of competing businesses, agree to form a partnership on 1 July 2020. Their individual assets and liabilities are independently valued and on this basis the following values are assigned to the partnership. Required Prepare a state

> Go to the Australian Taxation Office website (www.ato.gov.au) and select the ‘Business’ tab, then select ‘Businesses’ under the ‘Online Services’ heading. Next, select ‘Standard Business Reporting’ and then ‘What is Standard Business Reporting (SBR)?’ R

> Go to the Westpac website (www.westpac.com.au) and download the latest annual report. Required Use these statements to answer the following questions. (a) What is the total value of each of the following items at the end of the current reporting year in

> What are the three elements of a business plan? Consider the situation of two sisters contemplating a new business hiring surfboards and providing surf lessons on the Sunshine Coast. Explain how the business plan would assist the sisters in planning thei