Question: How can the concept of a composite

> Give two examples of nonfinancial measures of customer satisfaction relating to quality.

> “Companies should focus on financial measures of quality because these are the only measures of quality that can be linked to bottom-line performance.” Do you agree? Explain.

> Describe three methods that companies use to identify quality problems.

> Distinguish between internal failure costs and external failure costs.

> “When evaluating a company’s performance on the time dimension, managers should only consider financial measures.” Do you agree? Explain.

> “Companies should always make and sell all products whose selling prices exceed variable costs.” Assuming fixed costs are irrelevant, do you agree? Explain.

> Give two reasons why delays occur.

> “There is no tradeoff between customer-response time and on-time performance.” Do you agree? Explain.

> What are three important pitfalls to avoid when implementing a balanced scorecard?

> Distinguish between customer-response time and manufacturing cycle time.

> “When evaluating alternative ways to improve quality, managers need to consider the fully allocated costs of quality.” Do you agree? Explain.

> “Total input includes abnormal as well as normal spoilage and is, therefore, inappropriate as a basis for computing normal spoilage.” Do you agree? Explain.

> Distinguish among spoilage, rework, and scrap.

> How do managers use information about scrap?

> “Abnormal rework costs should be charged to a loss account, not to manufacturing overhead.” Do you agree? Explain.

> “In job costing, the costs of normal spoilage that occur while a specific job is being done are charged to the specific job.” Do you agree? Explain.

> Describe the distinctive characteristic of FIFO computations in assigning costs to units completed and to units in ending work in process.

> Name the five steps in process costing when equivalent units are computed.

> What problems might arise in estimating the degree of completion of semiconductor chips in a semiconductor plant?

> What are the five types of conditions to consider when evaluating a strategy map?

> Explain equivalent units. Why are equivalent-unit calculations necessary in process costing?

> In process costing, why are costs often divided into two main classifications?

> “There’s no reason for me to get excited about the choice between the weighted-average and FIFO methods in my process-costing system. I have long-term contracts with my materials suppliers at fixed prices.” Do you agree with this statement made by a plan

> Why should the accountant distinguish between transferred-in costs and additional direct materials costs for each subsequent department in a process-costing system?

> “The standard-costing method is particularly applicable to process-costing situations.” Do you agree? Why?

> Give two limitations of the physical-measure method of joint-cost allocation.

> Distinguish between the sales value at splitoff method and the NRV method.

> Describe a situation in which the sales value at splitoff method cannot be used but the NRV method can be used for joint-cost allocation.

> Provide three reasons for allocating joint costs to individual products or services.

> Why might the number of products in a joint-cost situation differ from the number of outputs? Give an example.

> “We are already measuring total factor productivity. Measuring partial productivities would be of no value.” Do you agree? Comment briefly.

> Distinguish between a joint product and a byproduct.

> Why might managers seeking a monthly bonus based on attaining a target operating income prefer the sales method of accounting for byproducts rather than the production method?

> “Managers should consider only additional revenues and separable costs when making decisions about selling at splitoff or processing further.” Do you agree? Explain.

> “Managers must decide whether a product should be sold at splitoff or processed further. The sales value at splitoff method of joint-cost allocation is the best method for generating the information managers need for this decision.” Do you agree? Explain

> Why is the constant gross-margin percentage NRV method sometimes called a “joint-cost-allocation and a profit-allocation” method?

> Distinguish among the three methods of allocating the costs of support departments to operating departments.

> Why might a manager prefer that budgeted rather than actual cost-allocation rates be used for costs being allocated to his or her department from another department?

> Identify and discuss arguments that individual product managers may put forward to support their preferred revenue-allocation method. 

> Distinguish between the stand-alone and the incremental revenue-allocation methods.

> Why might an analyst incorporate the industry-market-size factor and the interrelationships among the growth, price-recovery, and productivity components into a strategic analysis of operating income?

> What are the challenges of using the incremental cost allocation method when allocating common costs and how might they be overcome?

> Distinguish between the single-rate and the dual-rate methods.

> “Once a company allocates corporate costs to divisions, these costs should not be reallocated to the indirect-cost pools of the division.” Do you agree? Explain.

> What criteria might managers use to guide cost-allocation decisions? Which are the dominant criteria?

> “A company should not allocate all of its corporate costs to its divisions.” Do you agree? Explain.

> Give examples of three different levels of costs in a customer-cost hierarchy.

> “A customer-profitability profile highlights those customers a company should drop to improve profitability.” Do you agree? Explain.

> How can the sales-quantity variance be decomposed further?

> Show how managers can gain insight into the causes of a sales-volume variance by subdividing the components of this variance.

> “Managers will always choose the alternative that maximizes operating income or minimizes costs in the decision model.” Do you agree? Why?

> How should a company decide on the number of cost pools it should use to allocate costs to divisions, channels, and customers?

> “A company should not allocate costs that are fixed in the short run to customers.” Do you agree? Explain briefly.

> Give two examples of a value-added cost and two examples of a non-value-added cost.

> Describe two alternative approaches to long-run pricing decisions.

> Define predatory pricing, dumping, and collusive pricing.

> What are three benefits of using a product life-cycle reporting format?

> Give two examples in which the difference in the costs of two products or services is much smaller than the difference in their prices.

> Joyce Brown has run Medical Maids, a specialty cleaning service for medical and dental offices, for the past 10 years. Her static budget and actual results for April 2017 are shown below. Joyce has one employee who has been with her for all 10 years that

> Emerald Statuary manufactures bust statues of famous historical figures. All statues are the same size. Each unit requires the same amount of resources. The following information is from the static budget for 2017: Expected production and salesâ&#1

> Tyva makes a very popular undyed cloth sandal in one style, but in Regular and Deluxe. The Regular sandals have cloth soles and the Deluxe sandals have cloth-covered wooden soles. Tyva is preparing its budget for June 2018 and has estimated sales based o

> How does an engineered cost differ from a discretionary cost?

> Apex Chemical Company currently operates three manufacturing plants in Colorado, Utah, and Arizona. Annual carbon emissions for these plants in the first quarter of 2018 are 125,000 metric tons per quarter (or 500,000 metric tons in 2018). Apex managemen

> Jayzee Company manufactures a variety of products in a variety of departments and evaluates departments and departmental managers by comparing actual cost and output relative to the budget. Departmental managers help create the budgets and usually provid

> Refer to the information in Problem 6-44. All purchases made in a given month are paid for in the following month, and direct material purchases make up all of the accounts payable balance and are reflected in the accounts payable balances at the beginni

> Hazlett, Inc., operates at capacity and makes plastic combs and hairbrushes. Although the combs and brushes are a matching set, they are sold individually and so the sales mix is not 1:1. Hazlett’s management is planning its annual budg

> Refer to the information in Problem 6-42. Budgeted balances at January 31, 2018 are as follows: Cash…………………â

> Skulas, Inc., manufactures and sells snowboards. Skulas manufactures a single model, the Pipex. In late 2017, Skulas’s management accountant gathered the following data to prepare budgets for January 2018: Skulas’s CE

> Refer to the information in Problem 6-40. Assume the following: Animal Gear (AG) does not make any sales on credit. AG sells only to the public and accepts cash and credit cards; 90% of its sales are to customers using credit cards, for which AG gets the

> Animal Gear Company makes two pet carriers, the Cat-allac and the Dog-eriffic. They are both made of plastic with metal doors, but the Cat-allac is smaller. Information for the two products for the month of April is given in the following tables: Input P

> Paula Beane owns a restaurant franchise that is part of a chain of “southern homestyle” restaurants. One of the chain’s popular breakfast items is biscuits and gravy. Central Warehouse makes and freezes the biscuit dough, which it then sells to the franc

> Smart Video Company is a manufacturer of videoconferencing products. Maintaining the videoconferencing equipment is an important area of customer satisfaction. A recent downturn in the computer industry has caused the videoconferencing equipment segment

> “A branch office or business segment that shows negative operating income should be shut down.” Do you agree? Explain briefly.

> The Chen Corporation manufactures and sells two products: Thingone and Thingtwo. In July 2016, Chen’s budget department gathered the following data to prepare budgets for 2017: The following direct materials are used in the two product

> US Apparel (USA) manufactures plain white and solid-colored T-shirts. Budgeted inputs include the following: Budgeted sales and selling price per unit are as follows: USA has the opportunity to switch from using the dye it currently uses to using an en

> Hale Specialties manufactures, among other things, woolen blankets for the athletic teams of the two local high schools. The company sews the blankets from fabric and sews on a logo patch purchased from the licensed logo store site. The teams are as foll

> Mountain Outfitters operates a large outdoor clothing and equipment store with three main product lines: clothing, equipment, and shoes. Mountain Outfitters operates at capacity and allocates selling, general, and administration (S, G & A) costs to e

> Plum Electronics, a division of Berry Corporation, manufactures two large-screen television models: The Mammoth, which has been produced since 2013 and sells for $990, and the Maximum, a newer model introduced in early 2015 that sells for $1,254. Based o

> Archer Pro manufactures two models of sport bows, Basic and Deluxe, using a combination of machining and hand finishing. Machine setup costs are driven by the number of setups. Indirect manufacturing labor costs increase with direct manufacturing labor c

> Zarson’s Netballs is a manufacturer of high-quality basketballs and volleyballs. Setup costs are driven by the number of setups. Equipment and maintenance costs increase with the number of machine-hours, and lease rent is paid per squar

> Crosstown Health Center runs two programs: drug addict rehabilitation and aftercare (counseling and support of patients after release from a mental hospital). The center’s budget for 2017 follows. Kim Yu, the director of the center, is

> Pastel Bags (PB) is a designer of high-quality backpacks and purses. Each design is made in small batches. Each spring, PB comes out with new designs for the backpack and for the purse. The company uses these designs for a year and then moves on to the n

> Pharmahelp, Inc., a distributor of special pharmaceutical products, operates at capacity and has three main market segments: a. General supermarket chains b. Drugstore chains c. Mom-and-pop single-store pharmacies Rick Flair, the new controller of Ph

> Describe three key components in doing a strategic analysis of operating income.

> “I’m going to focus on the customers of my business and leave cost-allocation issues to my accountant.” Do you agree with this comment by a division president? Explain.

> Under the doctrine of stare decisis, courts are obligated to follow the precedents established in their jurisdiction unless there is a compelling reason not to do so. Should U.S. courts continue to adhere to this common law principle, given that our gove

> What is the difference between remedies at law and remedies in equity?

> What is a precedent? When might a court depart from precedent?

> What is the common law tradition?

> Suppose that the California legislature passes a law that severely restricts carbon dioxide emissions of automobiles in that state. A group of automobile manufacturers files a suit against the state of California to prevent enforcement of the law. The au

> Apples & Oranges Corporation learns that a federal administrative agency is considering a rule that will have a negative impact on the firm’s ability to do business. Does the firm have any opportunity to express its opinion about the pending rule? Explai

> What benefits could wearers of Google Glass obtain from using facial recognition technology?

> Why are owner/operators of small businesses at a disadvantage relative to large corporations when they attempt to decipher complex regulations that apply to their businesses?

> Does the civil law system offer any advantages over the common law system, or vice versa? Explain.

> Why is the incidental use of a person’s likeness without his or her consent permitted?

> John’s company is involved in a lawsuit with a customer, Beth. John argues that for fifty years higher courts in that state have decided cases involving circumstances similar to his case in a way that indicates he can expect a ruling in his company’s fav

> Read through the subsection entitled “Decisions and Opinions” in the appendix following this chapter. 1. One group will explain the difference between a concurring opinion and a majority opinion. 2. Another group will outline the difference between a co

> The First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution provides protection for the free exercise of religion. A state legislature enacts a law that outlaws all religions that do not derive from the Judeo-Christian tradition. Is this law valid within that state? Wh

> Karen Goldberg’s husband was killed in a terrorist bombing in Israel. She filed a suit in a U.S. federal court against UBS AG, a Switzerland-based global financial services company. She claimed that UBS aided in her husband’s killing because it provided

> AOL, LLC, mistakenly made public the personal information of 650,000 of its members. The members filed a suit, alleging violations of California law. AOL asked the court to dismiss the suit on the basis of a “forum-selection” clause in its member agreeme